Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/maint'

Fix a deadlock with MATELEMENTAL

Updated the use of sizeof() when possible instead of using hardwired sizes for functions whose string arguments
need sizes. In particular done for PetscOptionsGetString(), PetscOptionsString(), and a

Updated the use of sizeof() when possible instead of using hardwired sizes for functions whose string arguments
need sizes. In particular done for PetscOptionsGetString(), PetscOptionsString(), and a few other utilities

Commit-type: style-fix

Development Tools: Vim, Emacs, Eclipse

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Move logging support out of PetscCUDAInitialize

these options belong to PetscOptionsCheckInitial_Private

PetscOptionsInsertFile: add graceful errors for malformed options file

PetscOptionsInsertFile: first,second,... converted to array

PetscOptionsInsertFile: minor simplification

PetscOptionsSetValue: Simplify code.

Existence of defaultoptions is checked in PetscOptionsCreateDefault().
Use PetscOptNameCmp() instead of strcmp().

PetscOptionsCheckInitial_Private: call cudaGetDeviceCount only if needed

PetscObjectTypeCompareAny: early return if obj == 0

PetscInitialize: allow the user to specify the threading level required

Update documentation about options environment variables

Add PETSC_OPTIONS_YAML and support for the yaml merge key "<<"

Added PetscOptionsInsertStringYAML and -options_string_yaml

In order to test this new feature, I had to add the ability to parse strings
with newlines in the 'args:' of tests.

Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/maint'

Remove deprecated MatOperation

Merge branch 'jczhang/init-cuda-lazily' into 'master'

Change the default of -cuda_initialize from yes to no

See merge request petsc/petsc!2744

Do MPI GPU awareness check only when there are GPUs

Change the default of -cuda_initialize from yes to no

So that codes not using cuda won't wast time on costly cuda init.

PetscUnlikelyDebug: add useful macro for conditionals that should be skipped in optimized mode

PetscDefined: remove many uses of #ifdef PETSC_USE_DEBUG

Fix compile warning --with-log=0

Typos

Fix missing separator after -v output.

Unify length of -help separators.

Reported by @prj-
See https://gitlab.com/petsc/petsc/-/commit/56071f758bf2d91502f170af1b008e223f1bc936#note_314855143

Merge branch 'haplav/fix-info-docs' into 'master'

Improve documentation of new -info option and related API.

See merge request petsc/petsc!2652