xref: /petsc/src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpimatmatmult.c (revision 438d860c71e0f192b6032b3b2f0498b443acf47a)
1 
2 /*
3   Defines matrix-matrix product routines for pairs of MPIAIJ matrices
4           C = A * B
5 */
6 #include <../src/mat/impls/aij/seq/aij.h> /*I "petscmat.h" I*/
7 #include <../src/mat/utils/freespace.h>
8 #include <../src/mat/impls/aij/mpi/mpiaij.h>
9 #include <petscbt.h>
10 #include <../src/mat/impls/dense/mpi/mpidense.h>
11 #include <petsc/private/vecimpl.h>
12 
13 #undef __FUNCT__
14 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMult_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ"
15 PetscErrorCode MatMatMult_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ(Mat A,Mat B,MatReuse scall,PetscReal fill, Mat *C)
16 {
17   PetscErrorCode ierr;
18   const char     *algTypes[2] = {"scalable","nonscalable"};
19   PetscInt       alg=1; /* set default algorithm */
20 
21   PetscFunctionBegin;
22   if (scall == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
23     ierr = PetscObjectOptionsBegin((PetscObject)A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
24     ierr = PetscOptionsEList("-matmatmult_via","Algorithmic approach","MatMatMult",algTypes,2,algTypes[0],&alg,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
25     ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();CHKERRQ(ierr);
26 
27     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MatMultSymbolic,A,B,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
28     switch (alg) {
29     case 1:
30       ierr = MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable(A,B,fill,C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
31       break;
32     default:
33       ierr = MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ(A,B,fill,C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
34       break;
35     }
36     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MatMultSymbolic,A,B,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
37   }
38   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MatMultNumeric,A,B,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
39   ierr = (*(*C)->ops->matmultnumeric)(A,B,*C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
40   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MatMultNumeric,A,B,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
41   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
42 }
43 
44 #undef __FUNCT__
45 #define __FUNCT__ "MatDestroy_MPIAIJ_MatMatMult"
46 PetscErrorCode MatDestroy_MPIAIJ_MatMatMult(Mat A)
47 {
48   PetscErrorCode ierr;
49   Mat_MPIAIJ     *a    = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)A->data;
50   Mat_PtAPMPI    *ptap = a->ptap;
51 
52   PetscFunctionBegin;
53   ierr = PetscFree2(ptap->startsj_s,ptap->startsj_r);CHKERRQ(ierr);
54   ierr = PetscFree(ptap->bufa);CHKERRQ(ierr);
55   ierr = MatDestroy(&ptap->P_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
56   ierr = MatDestroy(&ptap->P_oth);CHKERRQ(ierr);
57   ierr = MatDestroy(&ptap->Pt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
58   ierr = PetscFree(ptap->api);CHKERRQ(ierr);
59   ierr = PetscFree(ptap->apj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
60   ierr = PetscFree(ptap->apa);CHKERRQ(ierr);
61   ierr = ptap->destroy(A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
62   ierr = PetscFree(ptap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
63   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
64 }
65 
66 #undef __FUNCT__
67 #define __FUNCT__ "MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ_MatMatMult"
68 PetscErrorCode MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ_MatMatMult(Mat A, MatDuplicateOption op, Mat *M)
69 {
70   PetscErrorCode ierr;
71   Mat_MPIAIJ     *a    = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)A->data;
72   Mat_PtAPMPI    *ptap = a->ptap;
73 
74   PetscFunctionBegin;
75   ierr = (*ptap->duplicate)(A,op,M);CHKERRQ(ierr);
76 
77   (*M)->ops->destroy   = ptap->destroy;   /* = MatDestroy_MPIAIJ, *M doesn't duplicate A's special structure! */
78   (*M)->ops->duplicate = ptap->duplicate; /* = MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ */
79   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
80 }
81 
82 #if 0
83 /* compute apa = A[i,:]*P = Ad[i,:]*P_loc + Ao*[i,:]*P_oth */
84 #define AProw_nonscalable(i,ad,ao,p_loc,p_oth,apa) \
85 {\
86   PetscInt    _anz,_pnz,_j,_k,*_ai,*_aj,_row,*_pi,*_pj;      \
87   PetscScalar *_aa,_valtmp,*_pa;                             \
88   /* diagonal portion of A */\
89   _ai  = ad->i;\
90   _anz = _ai[i+1] - _ai[i];\
91   _aj  = ad->j + _ai[i];\
92   _aa  = ad->a + _ai[i];\
93   for (_j=0; _j<_anz; _j++) {\
94     _row = _aj[_j]; \
95     _pi  = p_loc->i;                                 \
96     _pnz = _pi[_row+1] - _pi[_row];         \
97     _pj  = p_loc->j + _pi[_row];                 \
98     _pa  = p_loc->a + _pi[_row];                 \
99     /* perform dense axpy */                    \
100     valtmp = _aa[_j];                           \
101     for (_k=0; _k<_pnz; _k++) {                    \
102       apa[_pj[_k]] += valtmp*_pa[_k];               \
103     }                                           \
104     PetscLogFlops(2.0*_pnz);                    \
105   }                                             \
106   /* off-diagonal portion of A */               \
107   _ai  = ao->i;\
108   _anz = _ai[i+1] - _ai[i];                     \
109   _aj  = ao->j + _ai[i];                         \
110   _aa  = ao->a + _ai[i];                         \
111   for (_j=0; _j<_anz; _j++) {                      \
112     _row = _aj[_j];    \
113     _pi  = p_oth->i;                         \
114     _pnz = _pi[_row+1] - _pi[_row];          \
115     _pj  = p_oth->j + _pi[_row];                  \
116     _pa  = p_oth->a + _pi[_row];                  \
117     /* perform dense axpy */                     \
118     _valtmp = _aa[_j];                             \
119     for (_k=0; _k<_pnz; _k++) {                     \
120       apa[_pj[_k]] += _valtmp*_pa[_k];                \
121     }                                            \
122     PetscLogFlops(2.0*_pnz);                     \
123   }                                              \
124 }
125 #endif
126 
127 #undef __FUNCT__
128 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable"
129 PetscErrorCode MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable(Mat A,Mat P,Mat C)
130 {
131   PetscErrorCode ierr;
132   Mat_MPIAIJ     *a  =(Mat_MPIAIJ*)A->data,*c=(Mat_MPIAIJ*)C->data;
133   Mat_SeqAIJ     *ad =(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(a->A)->data,*ao=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(a->B)->data;
134   Mat_SeqAIJ     *cd =(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(c->A)->data,*co=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(c->B)->data;
135   PetscScalar    *cda=cd->a,*coa=co->a;
136   Mat_SeqAIJ     *p_loc,*p_oth;
137   PetscScalar    *apa,*ca;
138   PetscInt       cm   =C->rmap->n;
139   Mat_PtAPMPI    *ptap=c->ptap;
140   PetscInt       *api,*apj,*apJ,i,k;
141   PetscInt       cstart=C->cmap->rstart;
142   PetscInt       cdnz,conz,k0,k1;
143   MPI_Comm       comm;
144   PetscMPIInt    size;
145 
146   PetscFunctionBegin;
147   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)A,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
148   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
149 
150   /* 1) get P_oth = ptap->P_oth  and P_loc = ptap->P_loc */
151   /*-----------------------------------------------------*/
152   /* update numerical values of P_oth and P_loc */
153   ierr = MatGetBrowsOfAoCols_MPIAIJ(A,P,MAT_REUSE_MATRIX,&ptap->startsj_s,&ptap->startsj_r,&ptap->bufa,&ptap->P_oth);CHKERRQ(ierr);
154   ierr = MatMPIAIJGetLocalMat(P,MAT_REUSE_MATRIX,&ptap->P_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
155 
156   /* 2) compute numeric C_loc = A_loc*P = Ad*P_loc + Ao*P_oth */
157   /*----------------------------------------------------------*/
158   /* get data from symbolic products */
159   p_loc = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(ptap->P_loc)->data;
160   p_oth = NULL;
161   if (size >1) {
162     p_oth = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(ptap->P_oth)->data;
163   }
164 
165   /* get apa for storing dense row A[i,:]*P */
166   apa = ptap->apa;
167 
168   api = ptap->api;
169   apj = ptap->apj;
170   for (i=0; i<cm; i++) {
171     /* compute apa = A[i,:]*P */
172     AProw_nonscalable(i,ad,ao,p_loc,p_oth,apa);
173 
174     /* set values in C */
175     apJ  = apj + api[i];
176     cdnz = cd->i[i+1] - cd->i[i];
177     conz = co->i[i+1] - co->i[i];
178 
179     /* 1st off-diagoanl part of C */
180     ca = coa + co->i[i];
181     k  = 0;
182     for (k0=0; k0<conz; k0++) {
183       if (apJ[k] >= cstart) break;
184       ca[k0]      = apa[apJ[k]];
185       apa[apJ[k]] = 0.0;
186       k++;
187     }
188 
189     /* diagonal part of C */
190     ca = cda + cd->i[i];
191     for (k1=0; k1<cdnz; k1++) {
192       ca[k1]      = apa[apJ[k]];
193       apa[apJ[k]] = 0.0;
194       k++;
195     }
196 
197     /* 2nd off-diagoanl part of C */
198     ca = coa + co->i[i];
199     for (; k0<conz; k0++) {
200       ca[k0]      = apa[apJ[k]];
201       apa[apJ[k]] = 0.0;
202       k++;
203     }
204   }
205   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
206   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
207   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
208 }
209 
210 #undef __FUNCT__
211 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable"
212 PetscErrorCode MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable(Mat A,Mat P,PetscReal fill,Mat *C)
213 {
214   PetscErrorCode     ierr;
215   MPI_Comm           comm;
216   PetscMPIInt        size;
217   Mat                Cmpi;
218   Mat_PtAPMPI        *ptap;
219   PetscFreeSpaceList free_space=NULL,current_space=NULL;
220   Mat_MPIAIJ         *a        =(Mat_MPIAIJ*)A->data,*c;
221   Mat_SeqAIJ         *ad       =(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(a->A)->data,*ao=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(a->B)->data,*p_loc,*p_oth;
222   PetscInt           *pi_loc,*pj_loc,*pi_oth,*pj_oth,*dnz,*onz;
223   PetscInt           *adi=ad->i,*adj=ad->j,*aoi=ao->i,*aoj=ao->j,rstart=A->rmap->rstart;
224   PetscInt           *lnk,i,pnz,row,*api,*apj,*Jptr,apnz,nspacedouble=0,j,nzi;
225   PetscInt           am=A->rmap->n,pN=P->cmap->N,pn=P->cmap->n,pm=P->rmap->n;
226   PetscBT            lnkbt;
227   PetscScalar        *apa;
228   PetscReal          afill;
229   PetscInt           nlnk_max,armax,prmax;
230 
231   PetscFunctionBegin;
232   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)A,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
233   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
234 
235   if (A->cmap->rstart != P->rmap->rstart || A->cmap->rend != P->rmap->rend) {
236     SETERRQ4(comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ,"Matrix local dimensions are incompatible, (%D, %D) != (%D,%D)",A->cmap->rstart,A->cmap->rend,P->rmap->rstart,P->rmap->rend);
237   }
238 
239   /* create struct Mat_PtAPMPI and attached it to C later */
240   ierr = PetscNew(&ptap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
241 
242   /* get P_oth by taking rows of P (= non-zero cols of local A) from other processors */
243   ierr = MatGetBrowsOfAoCols_MPIAIJ(A,P,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&ptap->startsj_s,&ptap->startsj_r,&ptap->bufa,&ptap->P_oth);CHKERRQ(ierr);
244 
245   /* get P_loc by taking all local rows of P */
246   ierr = MatMPIAIJGetLocalMat(P,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&ptap->P_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
247 
248   p_loc  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(ptap->P_loc)->data;
249   pi_loc = p_loc->i; pj_loc = p_loc->j;
250   if (size > 1) {
251     p_oth  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(ptap->P_oth)->data;
252     pi_oth = p_oth->i; pj_oth = p_oth->j;
253   } else {
254     p_oth = NULL;
255     pi_oth = NULL; pj_oth = NULL;
256   }
257 
258   /* first, compute symbolic AP = A_loc*P = A_diag*P_loc + A_off*P_oth */
259   /*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
260   ierr      = PetscMalloc1(am+2,&api);CHKERRQ(ierr);
261   ptap->api = api;
262   api[0]    = 0;
263 
264   /* create and initialize a linked list */
265   armax    = ad->rmax+ao->rmax;
266   if (size >1) {
267     prmax    = PetscMax(p_loc->rmax,p_oth->rmax);
268   } else {
269     prmax = p_loc->rmax;
270   }
271   nlnk_max = armax*prmax;
272   if (!nlnk_max || nlnk_max > pN) nlnk_max = pN;
273   ierr = PetscLLCondensedCreate(nlnk_max,pN,&lnk,&lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
274 
275   /* Initial FreeSpace size is fill*(nnz(A)+nnz(P)) */
276   ierr = PetscFreeSpaceGet((PetscInt)(fill*(adi[am]+aoi[am]+pi_loc[pm])),&free_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
277 
278   current_space = free_space;
279 
280   ierr = MatPreallocateInitialize(comm,am,pn,dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
281   for (i=0; i<am; i++) {
282     /* diagonal portion of A */
283     nzi = adi[i+1] - adi[i];
284     for (j=0; j<nzi; j++) {
285       row  = *adj++;
286       pnz  = pi_loc[row+1] - pi_loc[row];
287       Jptr = pj_loc + pi_loc[row];
288       /* add non-zero cols of P into the sorted linked list lnk */
289       ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted(pnz,Jptr,lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
290     }
291     /* off-diagonal portion of A */
292     nzi = aoi[i+1] - aoi[i];
293     for (j=0; j<nzi; j++) {
294       row  = *aoj++;
295       pnz  = pi_oth[row+1] - pi_oth[row];
296       Jptr = pj_oth + pi_oth[row];
297       ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted(pnz,Jptr,lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
298     }
299 
300     apnz     = lnk[0];
301     api[i+1] = api[i] + apnz;
302 
303     /* if free space is not available, double the total space in the list */
304     if (current_space->local_remaining<apnz) {
305       ierr = PetscFreeSpaceGet(apnz+current_space->total_array_size,&current_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
306       nspacedouble++;
307     }
308 
309     /* Copy data into free space, then initialize lnk */
310     ierr = PetscLLCondensedClean(pN,apnz,current_space->array,lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
311     ierr = MatPreallocateSet(i+rstart,apnz,current_space->array,dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
312 
313     current_space->array           += apnz;
314     current_space->local_used      += apnz;
315     current_space->local_remaining -= apnz;
316   }
317 
318   /* Allocate space for apj, initialize apj, and */
319   /* destroy list of free space and other temporary array(s) */
320   ierr = PetscMalloc1(api[am]+1,&ptap->apj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
321   apj  = ptap->apj;
322   ierr = PetscFreeSpaceContiguous(&free_space,ptap->apj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
323   ierr = PetscLLDestroy(lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
324 
325   /* malloc apa to store dense row A[i,:]*P */
326   ierr = PetscCalloc1(pN,&apa);CHKERRQ(ierr);
327 
328   ptap->apa = apa;
329 
330   /* create and assemble symbolic parallel matrix Cmpi */
331   /*----------------------------------------------------*/
332   ierr = MatCreate(comm,&Cmpi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
333   ierr = MatSetSizes(Cmpi,am,pn,PETSC_DETERMINE,PETSC_DETERMINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
334   ierr = MatSetBlockSizesFromMats(Cmpi,A,P);CHKERRQ(ierr);
335 
336   ierr = MatSetType(Cmpi,MATMPIAIJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
337   ierr = MatMPIAIJSetPreallocation(Cmpi,0,dnz,0,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
338   ierr = MatPreallocateFinalize(dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
339   for (i=0; i<am; i++) {
340     row  = i + rstart;
341     apnz = api[i+1] - api[i];
342     ierr = MatSetValues(Cmpi,1,&row,apnz,apj,apa,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
343     apj += apnz;
344   }
345   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(Cmpi,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
346   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(Cmpi,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
347 
348   ptap->destroy        = Cmpi->ops->destroy;
349   ptap->duplicate      = Cmpi->ops->duplicate;
350   Cmpi->ops->matmultnumeric = MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable;
351   Cmpi->ops->destroy   = MatDestroy_MPIAIJ_MatMatMult;
352   Cmpi->ops->duplicate = MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ_MatMatMult;
353 
354   /* attach the supporting struct to Cmpi for reuse */
355   c       = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)Cmpi->data;
356   c->ptap = ptap;
357 
358   *C = Cmpi;
359 
360   /* set MatInfo */
361   afill = (PetscReal)api[am]/(adi[am]+aoi[am]+pi_loc[pm]+1) + 1.e-5;
362   if (afill < 1.0) afill = 1.0;
363   Cmpi->info.mallocs           = nspacedouble;
364   Cmpi->info.fill_ratio_given  = fill;
365   Cmpi->info.fill_ratio_needed = afill;
366 
367 #if defined(PETSC_USE_INFO)
368   if (api[am]) {
369     ierr = PetscInfo3(Cmpi,"Reallocs %D; Fill ratio: given %g needed %g.\n",nspacedouble,(double)fill,(double)afill);CHKERRQ(ierr);
370     ierr = PetscInfo1(Cmpi,"Use MatMatMult(A,B,MatReuse,%g,&C) for best performance.;\n",(double)afill);CHKERRQ(ierr);
371   } else {
372     ierr = PetscInfo(Cmpi,"Empty matrix product\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
373   }
374 #endif
375   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
376 }
377 
378 #undef __FUNCT__
379 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMult_MPIAIJ_MPIDense"
380 PetscErrorCode MatMatMult_MPIAIJ_MPIDense(Mat A,Mat B,MatReuse scall,PetscReal fill,Mat *C)
381 {
382   PetscErrorCode ierr;
383 
384   PetscFunctionBegin;
385   if (scall == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
386     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MatMultSymbolic,A,B,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
387     ierr = MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIDense(A,B,fill,C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
388     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MatMultSymbolic,A,B,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
389   }
390   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_MatMultNumeric,A,B,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
391   ierr = MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIDense(A,B,*C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
392   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_MatMultNumeric,A,B,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
393   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
394 }
395 
396 typedef struct {
397   Mat         workB;
398   PetscScalar *rvalues,*svalues;
399   MPI_Request *rwaits,*swaits;
400 } MPIAIJ_MPIDense;
401 
402 #undef __FUNCT__
403 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMPIAIJ_MPIDenseDestroy"
404 PetscErrorCode MatMPIAIJ_MPIDenseDestroy(void *ctx)
405 {
406   MPIAIJ_MPIDense *contents = (MPIAIJ_MPIDense*) ctx;
407   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
408 
409   PetscFunctionBegin;
410   ierr = MatDestroy(&contents->workB);CHKERRQ(ierr);
411   ierr = PetscFree4(contents->rvalues,contents->svalues,contents->rwaits,contents->swaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
412   ierr = PetscFree(contents);CHKERRQ(ierr);
413   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
414 }
415 
416 #undef __FUNCT__
417 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMultNumeric_MPIDense"
418 /*
419     This is a "dummy function" that handles the case where matrix C was created as a dense matrix
420   directly by the user and passed to MatMatMult() with the MAT_REUSE_MATRIX option
421 
422   It is the same as MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIDense() except does not create C
423 */
424 PetscErrorCode MatMatMultNumeric_MPIDense(Mat A,Mat B,Mat C)
425 {
426   PetscErrorCode         ierr;
427   PetscBool              flg;
428   Mat_MPIAIJ             *aij = (Mat_MPIAIJ*) A->data;
429   PetscInt               nz   = aij->B->cmap->n;
430   PetscContainer         container;
431   MPIAIJ_MPIDense        *contents;
432   VecScatter             ctx   = aij->Mvctx;
433   VecScatter_MPI_General *from = (VecScatter_MPI_General*) ctx->fromdata;
434   VecScatter_MPI_General *to   = (VecScatter_MPI_General*) ctx->todata;
435 
436   PetscFunctionBegin;
437   ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)B,MATMPIDENSE,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
438   if (!flg) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"Second matrix must be mpidense");
439 
440   /* Handle case where where user provided the final C matrix rather than calling MatMatMult() with MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX*/
441   ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)A,MATMPIAIJ,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
442   if (!flg) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"First matrix must be MPIAIJ");
443 
444   C->ops->matmultnumeric = MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIDense;
445 
446   ierr = PetscNew(&contents);CHKERRQ(ierr);
447   /* Create work matrix used to store off processor rows of B needed for local product */
448   ierr = MatCreateSeqDense(PETSC_COMM_SELF,nz,B->cmap->N,NULL,&contents->workB);CHKERRQ(ierr);
449   /* Create work arrays needed */
450   ierr = PetscMalloc4(B->cmap->N*from->starts[from->n],&contents->rvalues,
451                       B->cmap->N*to->starts[to->n],&contents->svalues,
452                       from->n,&contents->rwaits,
453                       to->n,&contents->swaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
454 
455   ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A),&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
456   ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(container,contents);CHKERRQ(ierr);
457   ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container,MatMPIAIJ_MPIDenseDestroy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
458   ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)C,"workB",(PetscObject)container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
459   ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
460 
461   ierr = (*C->ops->matmultnumeric)(A,B,C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
462   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
463 }
464 
465 #undef __FUNCT__
466 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIDense"
467 PetscErrorCode MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIDense(Mat A,Mat B,PetscReal fill,Mat *C)
468 {
469   PetscErrorCode         ierr;
470   Mat_MPIAIJ             *aij = (Mat_MPIAIJ*) A->data;
471   PetscInt               nz   = aij->B->cmap->n;
472   PetscContainer         container;
473   MPIAIJ_MPIDense        *contents;
474   VecScatter             ctx   = aij->Mvctx;
475   VecScatter_MPI_General *from = (VecScatter_MPI_General*) ctx->fromdata;
476   VecScatter_MPI_General *to   = (VecScatter_MPI_General*) ctx->todata;
477   PetscInt               m     = A->rmap->n,n=B->cmap->n;
478 
479   PetscFunctionBegin;
480   ierr = MatCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)B),C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
481   ierr = MatSetSizes(*C,m,n,A->rmap->N,B->cmap->N);CHKERRQ(ierr);
482   ierr = MatSetBlockSizesFromMats(*C,A,B);CHKERRQ(ierr);
483   ierr = MatSetType(*C,MATMPIDENSE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
484   ierr = MatMPIDenseSetPreallocation(*C,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
485   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(*C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
486   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(*C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
487 
488   (*C)->ops->matmultnumeric = MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIDense;
489 
490   ierr = PetscNew(&contents);CHKERRQ(ierr);
491   /* Create work matrix used to store off processor rows of B needed for local product */
492   ierr = MatCreateSeqDense(PETSC_COMM_SELF,nz,B->cmap->N,NULL,&contents->workB);CHKERRQ(ierr);
493   /* Create work arrays needed */
494   ierr = PetscMalloc4(B->cmap->N*from->starts[from->n],&contents->rvalues,
495                       B->cmap->N*to->starts[to->n],&contents->svalues,
496                       from->n,&contents->rwaits,
497                       to->n,&contents->swaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
498 
499   ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)A),&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
500   ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(container,contents);CHKERRQ(ierr);
501   ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container,MatMPIAIJ_MPIDenseDestroy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
502   ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)(*C),"workB",(PetscObject)container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
503   ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
504   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
505 }
506 
507 #undef __FUNCT__
508 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMPIDenseScatter"
509 /*
510     Performs an efficient scatter on the rows of B needed by this process; this is
511     a modification of the VecScatterBegin_() routines.
512 */
513 PetscErrorCode MatMPIDenseScatter(Mat A,Mat B,Mat C,Mat *outworkB)
514 {
515   Mat_MPIAIJ             *aij = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)A->data;
516   PetscErrorCode         ierr;
517   PetscScalar            *b,*w,*svalues,*rvalues;
518   VecScatter             ctx   = aij->Mvctx;
519   VecScatter_MPI_General *from = (VecScatter_MPI_General*) ctx->fromdata;
520   VecScatter_MPI_General *to   = (VecScatter_MPI_General*) ctx->todata;
521   PetscInt               i,j,k;
522   PetscInt               *sindices,*sstarts,*rindices,*rstarts;
523   PetscMPIInt            *sprocs,*rprocs,nrecvs;
524   MPI_Request            *swaits,*rwaits;
525   MPI_Comm               comm;
526   PetscMPIInt            tag  = ((PetscObject)ctx)->tag,ncols = B->cmap->N, nrows = aij->B->cmap->n,imdex,nrowsB = B->rmap->n;
527   MPI_Status             status;
528   MPIAIJ_MPIDense        *contents;
529   PetscContainer         container;
530   Mat                    workB;
531 
532   PetscFunctionBegin;
533   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)A,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
534   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)C,"workB",(PetscObject*)&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
535   if (!container) SETERRQ(comm,PETSC_ERR_PLIB,"Container does not exist");
536   ierr = PetscContainerGetPointer(container,(void**)&contents);CHKERRQ(ierr);
537 
538   workB = *outworkB = contents->workB;
539   if (nrows != workB->rmap->n) SETERRQ2(comm,PETSC_ERR_PLIB,"Number of rows of workB %D not equal to columns of aij->B %D",nrows,workB->cmap->n);
540   sindices = to->indices;
541   sstarts  = to->starts;
542   sprocs   = to->procs;
543   swaits   = contents->swaits;
544   svalues  = contents->svalues;
545 
546   rindices = from->indices;
547   rstarts  = from->starts;
548   rprocs   = from->procs;
549   rwaits   = contents->rwaits;
550   rvalues  = contents->rvalues;
551 
552   ierr = MatDenseGetArray(B,&b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
553   ierr = MatDenseGetArray(workB,&w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
554 
555   for (i=0; i<from->n; i++) {
556     ierr = MPI_Irecv(rvalues+ncols*rstarts[i],ncols*(rstarts[i+1]-rstarts[i]),MPIU_SCALAR,rprocs[i],tag,comm,rwaits+i);CHKERRQ(ierr);
557   }
558 
559   for (i=0; i<to->n; i++) {
560     /* pack a message at a time */
561     for (j=0; j<sstarts[i+1]-sstarts[i]; j++) {
562       for (k=0; k<ncols; k++) {
563         svalues[ncols*(sstarts[i] + j) + k] = b[sindices[sstarts[i]+j] + nrowsB*k];
564       }
565     }
566     ierr = MPI_Isend(svalues+ncols*sstarts[i],ncols*(sstarts[i+1]-sstarts[i]),MPIU_SCALAR,sprocs[i],tag,comm,swaits+i);CHKERRQ(ierr);
567   }
568 
569   nrecvs = from->n;
570   while (nrecvs) {
571     ierr = MPI_Waitany(from->n,rwaits,&imdex,&status);CHKERRQ(ierr);
572     nrecvs--;
573     /* unpack a message at a time */
574     for (j=0; j<rstarts[imdex+1]-rstarts[imdex]; j++) {
575       for (k=0; k<ncols; k++) {
576         w[rindices[rstarts[imdex]+j] + nrows*k] = rvalues[ncols*(rstarts[imdex] + j) + k];
577       }
578     }
579   }
580   if (to->n) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(to->n,swaits,to->sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
581 
582   ierr = MatDenseRestoreArray(B,&b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
583   ierr = MatDenseRestoreArray(workB,&w);CHKERRQ(ierr);
584   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(workB,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
585   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(workB,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
586   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
587 }
588 extern PetscErrorCode MatMatMultNumericAdd_SeqAIJ_SeqDense(Mat,Mat,Mat);
589 
590 #undef __FUNCT__
591 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIDense"
592 PetscErrorCode MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIDense(Mat A,Mat B,Mat C)
593 {
594   PetscErrorCode ierr;
595   Mat_MPIAIJ     *aij    = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)A->data;
596   Mat_MPIDense   *bdense = (Mat_MPIDense*)B->data;
597   Mat_MPIDense   *cdense = (Mat_MPIDense*)C->data;
598   Mat            workB;
599 
600   PetscFunctionBegin;
601   /* diagonal block of A times all local rows of B*/
602   ierr = MatMatMultNumeric_SeqAIJ_SeqDense(aij->A,bdense->A,cdense->A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
603 
604   /* get off processor parts of B needed to complete the product */
605   ierr = MatMPIDenseScatter(A,B,C,&workB);CHKERRQ(ierr);
606 
607   /* off-diagonal block of A times nonlocal rows of B */
608   ierr = MatMatMultNumericAdd_SeqAIJ_SeqDense(aij->B,workB,cdense->A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
609   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
610   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
611   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
612 }
613 
614 #undef __FUNCT__
615 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ"
616 PetscErrorCode MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ(Mat A,Mat P,Mat C)
617 {
618   PetscErrorCode ierr;
619   Mat_MPIAIJ     *a   = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)A->data,*c=(Mat_MPIAIJ*)C->data;
620   Mat_SeqAIJ     *ad  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(a->A)->data,*ao=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(a->B)->data;
621   Mat_SeqAIJ     *cd  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(c->A)->data,*co=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(c->B)->data;
622   PetscInt       *adi = ad->i,*adj,*aoi=ao->i,*aoj;
623   PetscScalar    *ada,*aoa,*cda=cd->a,*coa=co->a;
624   Mat_SeqAIJ     *p_loc,*p_oth;
625   PetscInt       *pi_loc,*pj_loc,*pi_oth,*pj_oth,*pj;
626   PetscScalar    *pa_loc,*pa_oth,*pa,valtmp,*ca;
627   PetscInt       cm          = C->rmap->n,anz,pnz;
628   Mat_PtAPMPI    *ptap       = c->ptap;
629   PetscScalar    *apa_sparse = ptap->apa;
630   PetscInt       *api,*apj,*apJ,i,j,k,row;
631   PetscInt       cstart = C->cmap->rstart;
632   PetscInt       cdnz,conz,k0,k1,nextp;
633   MPI_Comm       comm;
634   PetscMPIInt    size;
635 
636   PetscFunctionBegin;
637   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)A,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
638   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
639 
640   /* 1) get P_oth = ptap->P_oth  and P_loc = ptap->P_loc */
641   /*-----------------------------------------------------*/
642   /* update numerical values of P_oth and P_loc */
643   ierr = MatGetBrowsOfAoCols_MPIAIJ(A,P,MAT_REUSE_MATRIX,&ptap->startsj_s,&ptap->startsj_r,&ptap->bufa,&ptap->P_oth);CHKERRQ(ierr);
644   ierr = MatMPIAIJGetLocalMat(P,MAT_REUSE_MATRIX,&ptap->P_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
645 
646   /* 2) compute numeric C_loc = A_loc*P = Ad*P_loc + Ao*P_oth */
647   /*----------------------------------------------------------*/
648   /* get data from symbolic products */
649   p_loc = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(ptap->P_loc)->data;
650   pi_loc = p_loc->i; pj_loc = p_loc->j; pa_loc = p_loc->a;
651   if (size >1) {
652     p_oth = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(ptap->P_oth)->data;
653     pi_oth = p_oth->i; pj_oth = p_oth->j; pa_oth = p_oth->a;
654   } else {
655     p_oth = NULL; pi_oth = NULL; pj_oth = NULL; pa_oth = NULL;
656   }
657 
658   api = ptap->api;
659   apj = ptap->apj;
660   for (i=0; i<cm; i++) {
661     apJ = apj + api[i];
662 
663     /* diagonal portion of A */
664     anz = adi[i+1] - adi[i];
665     adj = ad->j + adi[i];
666     ada = ad->a + adi[i];
667     for (j=0; j<anz; j++) {
668       row = adj[j];
669       pnz = pi_loc[row+1] - pi_loc[row];
670       pj  = pj_loc + pi_loc[row];
671       pa  = pa_loc + pi_loc[row];
672       /* perform sparse axpy */
673       valtmp = ada[j];
674       nextp  = 0;
675       for (k=0; nextp<pnz; k++) {
676         if (apJ[k] == pj[nextp]) { /* column of AP == column of P */
677           apa_sparse[k] += valtmp*pa[nextp++];
678         }
679       }
680       ierr = PetscLogFlops(2.0*pnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
681     }
682 
683     /* off-diagonal portion of A */
684     anz = aoi[i+1] - aoi[i];
685     aoj = ao->j + aoi[i];
686     aoa = ao->a + aoi[i];
687     for (j=0; j<anz; j++) {
688       row = aoj[j];
689       pnz = pi_oth[row+1] - pi_oth[row];
690       pj  = pj_oth + pi_oth[row];
691       pa  = pa_oth + pi_oth[row];
692       /* perform sparse axpy */
693       valtmp = aoa[j];
694       nextp  = 0;
695       for (k=0; nextp<pnz; k++) {
696         if (apJ[k] == pj[nextp]) { /* column of AP == column of P */
697           apa_sparse[k] += valtmp*pa[nextp++];
698         }
699       }
700       ierr = PetscLogFlops(2.0*pnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
701     }
702 
703     /* set values in C */
704     cdnz = cd->i[i+1] - cd->i[i];
705     conz = co->i[i+1] - co->i[i];
706 
707     /* 1st off-diagoanl part of C */
708     ca = coa + co->i[i];
709     k  = 0;
710     for (k0=0; k0<conz; k0++) {
711       if (apJ[k] >= cstart) break;
712       ca[k0]        = apa_sparse[k];
713       apa_sparse[k] = 0.0;
714       k++;
715     }
716 
717     /* diagonal part of C */
718     ca = cda + cd->i[i];
719     for (k1=0; k1<cdnz; k1++) {
720       ca[k1]        = apa_sparse[k];
721       apa_sparse[k] = 0.0;
722       k++;
723     }
724 
725     /* 2nd off-diagoanl part of C */
726     ca = coa + co->i[i];
727     for (; k0<conz; k0++) {
728       ca[k0]        = apa_sparse[k];
729       apa_sparse[k] = 0.0;
730       k++;
731     }
732   }
733   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
734   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
735   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
736 }
737 
738 /* same as MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable(), except using LLCondensed to avoid O(BN) memory requirement */
739 #undef __FUNCT__
740 #define __FUNCT__ "MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ"
741 PetscErrorCode MatMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ(Mat A,Mat P,PetscReal fill,Mat *C)
742 {
743   PetscErrorCode     ierr;
744   MPI_Comm           comm;
745   PetscMPIInt        size;
746   Mat                Cmpi;
747   Mat_PtAPMPI        *ptap;
748   PetscFreeSpaceList free_space = NULL,current_space=NULL;
749   Mat_MPIAIJ         *a         = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)A->data,*c;
750   Mat_SeqAIJ         *ad        = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(a->A)->data,*ao=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(a->B)->data,*p_loc,*p_oth;
751   PetscInt           *pi_loc,*pj_loc,*pi_oth,*pj_oth,*dnz,*onz;
752   PetscInt           *adi=ad->i,*adj=ad->j,*aoi=ao->i,*aoj=ao->j,rstart=A->rmap->rstart;
753   PetscInt           i,pnz,row,*api,*apj,*Jptr,apnz,nspacedouble=0,j,nzi,*lnk,apnz_max=0;
754   PetscInt           am=A->rmap->n,pN=P->cmap->N,pn=P->cmap->n,pm=P->rmap->n;
755   PetscInt           nlnk_max,armax,prmax;
756   PetscReal          afill;
757   PetscScalar        *apa;
758 
759   PetscFunctionBegin;
760   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)A,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
761   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
762 
763   /* create struct Mat_PtAPMPI and attached it to C later */
764   ierr = PetscNew(&ptap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
765 
766   /* get P_oth by taking rows of P (= non-zero cols of local A) from other processors */
767   ierr = MatGetBrowsOfAoCols_MPIAIJ(A,P,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&ptap->startsj_s,&ptap->startsj_r,&ptap->bufa,&ptap->P_oth);CHKERRQ(ierr);
768 
769   /* get P_loc by taking all local rows of P */
770   ierr = MatMPIAIJGetLocalMat(P,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&ptap->P_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
771 
772   p_loc  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(ptap->P_loc)->data;
773   pi_loc = p_loc->i; pj_loc = p_loc->j;
774   if (size > 1) {
775     p_oth  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(ptap->P_oth)->data;
776     pi_oth = p_oth->i; pj_oth = p_oth->j;
777   } else {
778     p_oth  = NULL;
779     pi_oth = NULL; pj_oth = NULL;
780   }
781 
782   /* first, compute symbolic AP = A_loc*P = A_diag*P_loc + A_off*P_oth */
783   /*-------------------------------------------------------------------*/
784   ierr      = PetscMalloc1(am+2,&api);CHKERRQ(ierr);
785   ptap->api = api;
786   api[0]    = 0;
787 
788   /* create and initialize a linked list */
789   armax = ad->rmax+ao->rmax;
790   if (size >1) {
791     prmax = PetscMax(p_loc->rmax,p_oth->rmax);
792   } else {
793     prmax = p_loc->rmax;
794   }
795   nlnk_max = armax*prmax;
796   if (!nlnk_max || nlnk_max > pN) nlnk_max = pN;
797   ierr = PetscLLCondensedCreate_Scalable(nlnk_max,&lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
798 
799   /* Initial FreeSpace size is fill*(nnz(A)+nnz(P)) */
800   ierr = PetscFreeSpaceGet((PetscInt)(fill*(adi[am]+aoi[am]+pi_loc[pm])),&free_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
801 
802   current_space = free_space;
803 
804   ierr = MatPreallocateInitialize(comm,am,pn,dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
805   for (i=0; i<am; i++) {
806     /* diagonal portion of A */
807     nzi = adi[i+1] - adi[i];
808     for (j=0; j<nzi; j++) {
809       row  = *adj++;
810       pnz  = pi_loc[row+1] - pi_loc[row];
811       Jptr = pj_loc + pi_loc[row];
812       /* add non-zero cols of P into the sorted linked list lnk */
813       ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted_Scalable(pnz,Jptr,lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
814     }
815     /* off-diagonal portion of A */
816     nzi = aoi[i+1] - aoi[i];
817     for (j=0; j<nzi; j++) {
818       row  = *aoj++;
819       pnz  = pi_oth[row+1] - pi_oth[row];
820       Jptr = pj_oth + pi_oth[row];
821       ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted_Scalable(pnz,Jptr,lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
822     }
823 
824     apnz     = *lnk;
825     api[i+1] = api[i] + apnz;
826     if (apnz > apnz_max) apnz_max = apnz;
827 
828     /* if free space is not available, double the total space in the list */
829     if (current_space->local_remaining<apnz) {
830       ierr = PetscFreeSpaceGet(apnz+current_space->total_array_size,&current_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
831       nspacedouble++;
832     }
833 
834     /* Copy data into free space, then initialize lnk */
835     ierr = PetscLLCondensedClean_Scalable(apnz,current_space->array,lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
836     ierr = MatPreallocateSet(i+rstart,apnz,current_space->array,dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
837 
838     current_space->array           += apnz;
839     current_space->local_used      += apnz;
840     current_space->local_remaining -= apnz;
841   }
842 
843   /* Allocate space for apj, initialize apj, and */
844   /* destroy list of free space and other temporary array(s) */
845   ierr = PetscMalloc1(api[am]+1,&ptap->apj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
846   apj  = ptap->apj;
847   ierr = PetscFreeSpaceContiguous(&free_space,ptap->apj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
848   ierr = PetscLLCondensedDestroy_Scalable(lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
849 
850   /* create and assemble symbolic parallel matrix Cmpi */
851   /*----------------------------------------------------*/
852   ierr = MatCreate(comm,&Cmpi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
853   ierr = MatSetSizes(Cmpi,am,pn,PETSC_DETERMINE,PETSC_DETERMINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
854   ierr = MatSetBlockSizesFromMats(Cmpi,A,P);CHKERRQ(ierr);
855   ierr = MatSetType(Cmpi,MATMPIAIJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
856   ierr = MatMPIAIJSetPreallocation(Cmpi,0,dnz,0,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
857   ierr = MatPreallocateFinalize(dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
858 
859   /* malloc apa for assembly Cmpi */
860   ierr = PetscCalloc1(apnz_max,&apa);CHKERRQ(ierr);
861 
862   ptap->apa = apa;
863   for (i=0; i<am; i++) {
864     row  = i + rstart;
865     apnz = api[i+1] - api[i];
866     ierr = MatSetValues(Cmpi,1,&row,apnz,apj,apa,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
867     apj += apnz;
868   }
869   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(Cmpi,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
870   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(Cmpi,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
871 
872   ptap->destroy             = Cmpi->ops->destroy;
873   ptap->duplicate           = Cmpi->ops->duplicate;
874   Cmpi->ops->matmultnumeric = MatMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ;
875   Cmpi->ops->destroy        = MatDestroy_MPIAIJ_MatMatMult;
876   Cmpi->ops->duplicate      = MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ_MatMatMult;
877 
878   /* attach the supporting struct to Cmpi for reuse */
879   c       = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)Cmpi->data;
880   c->ptap = ptap;
881 
882   *C = Cmpi;
883 
884   /* set MatInfo */
885   afill = (PetscReal)api[am]/(adi[am]+aoi[am]+pi_loc[pm]+1) + 1.e-5;
886   if (afill < 1.0) afill = 1.0;
887   Cmpi->info.mallocs           = nspacedouble;
888   Cmpi->info.fill_ratio_given  = fill;
889   Cmpi->info.fill_ratio_needed = afill;
890 
891 #if defined(PETSC_USE_INFO)
892   if (api[am]) {
893     ierr = PetscInfo3(Cmpi,"Reallocs %D; Fill ratio: given %g needed %g.\n",nspacedouble,(double)fill,(double)afill);CHKERRQ(ierr);
894     ierr = PetscInfo1(Cmpi,"Use MatMatMult(A,B,MatReuse,%g,&C) for best performance.;\n",(double)afill);CHKERRQ(ierr);
895   } else {
896     ierr = PetscInfo(Cmpi,"Empty matrix product\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
897   }
898 #endif
899   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
900 }
901 
902 /*-------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
903 #undef __FUNCT__
904 #define __FUNCT__ "MatTransposeMatMult_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ"
905 PetscErrorCode MatTransposeMatMult_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ(Mat P,Mat A,MatReuse scall,PetscReal fill,Mat *C)
906 {
907   PetscErrorCode ierr;
908   const char     *algTypes[3] = {"scalable","nonscalable","matmatmult"};
909   PetscInt       alg=0; /* set default algorithm */
910 
911   PetscFunctionBegin;
912   if (scall == MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX) {
913     ierr = PetscObjectOptionsBegin((PetscObject)A);CHKERRQ(ierr);
914     ierr = PetscOptionsEList("-mattransposematmult_via","Algorithmic approach","MatTransposeMatMult",algTypes,3,algTypes[0],&alg,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
915     ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();CHKERRQ(ierr);
916 
917     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_TransposeMatMultSymbolic,P,A,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
918     switch (alg) {
919     case 1:
920       ierr = MatTransposeMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable(P,A,fill,C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
921       break;
922     case 2:
923     {
924       Mat         Pt;
925       Mat_PtAPMPI *ptap;
926       Mat_MPIAIJ  *c;
927       ierr = MatTranspose(P,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&Pt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
928       ierr = MatMatMult(Pt,A,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,fill,C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
929       c        = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)(*C)->data;
930       ptap     = c->ptap;
931       ptap->Pt = Pt;
932       (*C)->ops->mattransposemultnumeric = MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_matmatmult;
933       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
934     }
935       break;
936     default:
937       ierr = MatTransposeMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ(P,A,fill,C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
938       break;
939     }
940     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_TransposeMatMultSymbolic,P,A,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
941   }
942   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(MAT_TransposeMatMultNumeric,P,A,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
943   ierr = (*(*C)->ops->mattransposemultnumeric)(P,A,*C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
944   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(MAT_TransposeMatMultNumeric,P,A,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
945   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
946 }
947 
948 /* This routine only works when scall=MAT_REUSE_MATRIX! */
949 #undef __FUNCT__
950 #define __FUNCT__ "MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_matmatmult"
951 PetscErrorCode MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_matmatmult(Mat P,Mat A,Mat C)
952 {
953   PetscErrorCode ierr;
954   Mat_MPIAIJ     *c=(Mat_MPIAIJ*)C->data;
955   Mat_PtAPMPI    *ptap= c->ptap;
956   Mat            Pt=ptap->Pt;
957 
958   PetscFunctionBegin;
959   ierr = MatTranspose(P,MAT_REUSE_MATRIX,&Pt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
960   ierr = MatMatMultNumeric(Pt,A,C);CHKERRQ(ierr);
961   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
962 }
963 
964 /* Non-scalable version, use dense axpy */
965 #undef __FUNCT__
966 #define __FUNCT__ "MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable"
967 PetscErrorCode MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable(Mat P,Mat A,Mat C)
968 {
969   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
970   Mat_Merge_SeqsToMPI *merge;
971   Mat_MPIAIJ          *p =(Mat_MPIAIJ*)P->data,*c=(Mat_MPIAIJ*)C->data;
972   Mat_SeqAIJ          *pd=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(p->A)->data,*po=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(p->B)->data;
973   Mat_PtAPMPI         *ptap;
974   PetscInt            *adj,*aJ;
975   PetscInt            i,j,k,anz,pnz,row,*cj;
976   MatScalar           *ada,*aval,*ca,valtmp;
977   PetscInt            am  =A->rmap->n,cm=C->rmap->n,pon=(p->B)->cmap->n;
978   MPI_Comm            comm;
979   PetscMPIInt         size,rank,taga,*len_s;
980   PetscInt            *owners,proc,nrows,**buf_ri_k,**nextrow,**nextci;
981   PetscInt            **buf_ri,**buf_rj;
982   PetscInt            cnz=0,*bj_i,*bi,*bj,bnz,nextcj;  /* bi,bj,ba: local array of C(mpi mat) */
983   MPI_Request         *s_waits,*r_waits;
984   MPI_Status          *status;
985   MatScalar           **abuf_r,*ba_i,*pA,*coa,*ba;
986   PetscInt            *ai,*aj,*coi,*coj;
987   PetscInt            *poJ,*pdJ;
988   Mat                 A_loc;
989   Mat_SeqAIJ          *a_loc;
990 
991   PetscFunctionBegin;
992   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)C,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
993   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
994   ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(comm,&rank);CHKERRQ(ierr);
995 
996   ptap  = c->ptap;
997   merge = ptap->merge;
998 
999   /* 2) compute numeric C_seq = P_loc^T*A_loc*P - dominating part */
1000   /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
1001   /* get data from symbolic products */
1002   coi  = merge->coi; coj = merge->coj;
1003   ierr = PetscCalloc1(coi[pon]+1,&coa);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1004 
1005   bi     = merge->bi; bj = merge->bj;
1006   owners = merge->rowmap->range;
1007   ierr   = PetscCalloc1(bi[cm]+1,&ba);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1008 
1009   /* get A_loc by taking all local rows of A */
1010   A_loc = ptap->A_loc;
1011   ierr  = MatMPIAIJGetLocalMat(A,MAT_REUSE_MATRIX,&A_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1012   a_loc = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(A_loc)->data;
1013   ai    = a_loc->i;
1014   aj    = a_loc->j;
1015 
1016   ierr = PetscCalloc1(A->cmap->N,&aval);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* non-scalable!!! */
1017 
1018   for (i=0; i<am; i++) {
1019     /* 2-a) put A[i,:] to dense array aval */
1020     anz = ai[i+1] - ai[i];
1021     adj = aj + ai[i];
1022     ada = a_loc->a + ai[i];
1023     for (j=0; j<anz; j++) {
1024       aval[adj[j]] = ada[j];
1025     }
1026 
1027     /* 2-b) Compute Cseq = P_loc[i,:]^T*A[i,:] using outer product */
1028     /*--------------------------------------------------------------*/
1029     /* put the value into Co=(p->B)^T*A (off-diagonal part, send to others) */
1030     pnz = po->i[i+1] - po->i[i];
1031     poJ = po->j + po->i[i];
1032     pA  = po->a + po->i[i];
1033     for (j=0; j<pnz; j++) {
1034       row = poJ[j];
1035       cnz = coi[row+1] - coi[row];
1036       cj  = coj + coi[row];
1037       ca  = coa + coi[row];
1038       /* perform dense axpy */
1039       valtmp = pA[j];
1040       for (k=0; k<cnz; k++) {
1041         ca[k] += valtmp*aval[cj[k]];
1042       }
1043       ierr = PetscLogFlops(2.0*cnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1044     }
1045 
1046     /* put the value into Cd (diagonal part) */
1047     pnz = pd->i[i+1] - pd->i[i];
1048     pdJ = pd->j + pd->i[i];
1049     pA  = pd->a + pd->i[i];
1050     for (j=0; j<pnz; j++) {
1051       row = pdJ[j];
1052       cnz = bi[row+1] - bi[row];
1053       cj  = bj + bi[row];
1054       ca  = ba + bi[row];
1055       /* perform dense axpy */
1056       valtmp = pA[j];
1057       for (k=0; k<cnz; k++) {
1058         ca[k] += valtmp*aval[cj[k]];
1059       }
1060       ierr = PetscLogFlops(2.0*cnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1061     }
1062 
1063     /* zero the current row of Pt*A */
1064     aJ = aj + ai[i];
1065     for (k=0; k<anz; k++) aval[aJ[k]] = 0.0;
1066   }
1067 
1068   /* 3) send and recv matrix values coa */
1069   /*------------------------------------*/
1070   buf_ri = merge->buf_ri;
1071   buf_rj = merge->buf_rj;
1072   len_s  = merge->len_s;
1073   ierr   = PetscCommGetNewTag(comm,&taga);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1074   ierr   = PetscPostIrecvScalar(comm,taga,merge->nrecv,merge->id_r,merge->len_r,&abuf_r,&r_waits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1075 
1076   ierr = PetscMalloc2(merge->nsend+1,&s_waits,size,&status);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1077   for (proc=0,k=0; proc<size; proc++) {
1078     if (!len_s[proc]) continue;
1079     i    = merge->owners_co[proc];
1080     ierr = MPI_Isend(coa+coi[i],len_s[proc],MPIU_MATSCALAR,proc,taga,comm,s_waits+k);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1081     k++;
1082   }
1083   if (merge->nrecv) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(merge->nrecv,r_waits,status);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1084   if (merge->nsend) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(merge->nsend,s_waits,status);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1085 
1086   ierr = PetscFree2(s_waits,status);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1087   ierr = PetscFree(r_waits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1088   ierr = PetscFree(coa);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1089 
1090   /* 4) insert local Cseq and received values into Cmpi */
1091   /*----------------------------------------------------*/
1092   ierr = PetscMalloc3(merge->nrecv,&buf_ri_k,merge->nrecv,&nextrow,merge->nrecv,&nextci);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1093   for (k=0; k<merge->nrecv; k++) {
1094     buf_ri_k[k] = buf_ri[k]; /* beginning of k-th recved i-structure */
1095     nrows       = *(buf_ri_k[k]);
1096     nextrow[k]  = buf_ri_k[k]+1;  /* next row number of k-th recved i-structure */
1097     nextci[k]   = buf_ri_k[k] + (nrows + 1); /* poins to the next i-structure of k-th recved i-structure  */
1098   }
1099 
1100   for (i=0; i<cm; i++) {
1101     row  = owners[rank] + i; /* global row index of C_seq */
1102     bj_i = bj + bi[i];  /* col indices of the i-th row of C */
1103     ba_i = ba + bi[i];
1104     bnz  = bi[i+1] - bi[i];
1105     /* add received vals into ba */
1106     for (k=0; k<merge->nrecv; k++) { /* k-th received message */
1107       /* i-th row */
1108       if (i == *nextrow[k]) {
1109         cnz    = *(nextci[k]+1) - *nextci[k];
1110         cj     = buf_rj[k] + *(nextci[k]);
1111         ca     = abuf_r[k] + *(nextci[k]);
1112         nextcj = 0;
1113         for (j=0; nextcj<cnz; j++) {
1114           if (bj_i[j] == cj[nextcj]) { /* bcol == ccol */
1115             ba_i[j] += ca[nextcj++];
1116           }
1117         }
1118         nextrow[k]++; nextci[k]++;
1119         ierr = PetscLogFlops(2.0*cnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1120       }
1121     }
1122     ierr = MatSetValues(C,1,&row,bnz,bj_i,ba_i,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1123   }
1124   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1125   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1126 
1127   ierr = PetscFree(ba);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1128   ierr = PetscFree(abuf_r[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1129   ierr = PetscFree(abuf_r);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1130   ierr = PetscFree3(buf_ri_k,nextrow,nextci);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1131   ierr = PetscFree(aval);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1132   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1133 }
1134 
1135 PetscErrorCode MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ_MatPtAP(Mat, MatDuplicateOption,Mat*);
1136 /* This routine is modified from MatPtAPSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ() */
1137 #undef __FUNCT__
1138 #define __FUNCT__ "MatTransposeMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable"
1139 PetscErrorCode MatTransposeMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable(Mat P,Mat A,PetscReal fill,Mat *C)
1140 {
1141   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
1142   Mat                 Cmpi,A_loc,POt,PDt;
1143   Mat_PtAPMPI         *ptap;
1144   PetscFreeSpaceList  free_space=NULL,current_space=NULL;
1145   Mat_MPIAIJ          *p        =(Mat_MPIAIJ*)P->data,*c;
1146   PetscInt            *pdti,*pdtj,*poti,*potj,*ptJ;
1147   PetscInt            nnz;
1148   PetscInt            *lnk,*owners_co,*coi,*coj,i,k,pnz,row;
1149   PetscInt            am=A->rmap->n,pn=P->cmap->n;
1150   PetscBT             lnkbt;
1151   MPI_Comm            comm;
1152   PetscMPIInt         size,rank,tagi,tagj,*len_si,*len_s,*len_ri;
1153   PetscInt            **buf_rj,**buf_ri,**buf_ri_k;
1154   PetscInt            len,proc,*dnz,*onz,*owners;
1155   PetscInt            nzi,*bi,*bj;
1156   PetscInt            nrows,*buf_s,*buf_si,*buf_si_i,**nextrow,**nextci;
1157   MPI_Request         *swaits,*rwaits;
1158   MPI_Status          *sstatus,rstatus;
1159   Mat_Merge_SeqsToMPI *merge;
1160   PetscInt            *ai,*aj,*Jptr,anz,*prmap=p->garray,pon,nspacedouble=0,j;
1161   PetscReal           afill  =1.0,afill_tmp;
1162   PetscInt            rstart = P->cmap->rstart,rmax,aN=A->cmap->N;
1163   PetscScalar         *vals;
1164   Mat_SeqAIJ          *a_loc, *pdt,*pot;
1165 
1166   PetscFunctionBegin;
1167   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)A,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1168   /* check if matrix local sizes are compatible */
1169   if (A->rmap->rstart != P->rmap->rstart || A->rmap->rend != P->rmap->rend) {
1170     SETERRQ4(comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ,"Matrix local dimensions are incompatible, A (%D, %D) != P (%D,%D)",A->rmap->rstart,A->rmap->rend,P->rmap->rstart,P->rmap->rend);
1171   }
1172 
1173   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1174   ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(comm,&rank);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1175 
1176   /* create struct Mat_PtAPMPI and attached it to C later */
1177   ierr = PetscNew(&ptap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1178 
1179   /* get A_loc by taking all local rows of A */
1180   ierr = MatMPIAIJGetLocalMat(A,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&A_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1181 
1182   ptap->A_loc = A_loc;
1183 
1184   a_loc = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(A_loc)->data;
1185   ai    = a_loc->i;
1186   aj    = a_loc->j;
1187 
1188   /* determine symbolic Co=(p->B)^T*A - send to others */
1189   /*----------------------------------------------------*/
1190   ierr = MatTransposeSymbolic_SeqAIJ(p->A,&PDt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1191   pdt  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)PDt->data;
1192   pdti = pdt->i; pdtj = pdt->j;
1193 
1194   ierr = MatTransposeSymbolic_SeqAIJ(p->B,&POt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1195   pot  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)POt->data;
1196   poti = pot->i; potj = pot->j;
1197 
1198   /* then, compute symbolic Co = (p->B)^T*A */
1199   pon    = (p->B)->cmap->n; /* total num of rows to be sent to other processors >= (num of nonzero rows of C_seq) - pn */
1200   ierr   = PetscMalloc1(pon+1,&coi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1201   coi[0] = 0;
1202 
1203   /* set initial free space to be fill*(nnz(p->B) + nnz(A)) */
1204   nnz           = fill*(poti[pon] + ai[am]);
1205   ierr          = PetscFreeSpaceGet(nnz,&free_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1206   current_space = free_space;
1207 
1208   /* create and initialize a linked list */
1209   ierr = PetscLLCondensedCreate(aN,aN,&lnk,&lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1210 
1211   for (i=0; i<pon; i++) {
1212     pnz = poti[i+1] - poti[i];
1213     ptJ = potj + poti[i];
1214     for (j=0; j<pnz; j++) {
1215       row  = ptJ[j]; /* row of A_loc == col of Pot */
1216       anz  = ai[row+1] - ai[row];
1217       Jptr = aj + ai[row];
1218       /* add non-zero cols of AP into the sorted linked list lnk */
1219       ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted(anz,Jptr,lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1220     }
1221     nnz = lnk[0];
1222 
1223     /* If free space is not available, double the total space in the list */
1224     if (current_space->local_remaining<nnz) {
1225       ierr = PetscFreeSpaceGet(nnz+current_space->total_array_size,&current_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1226       nspacedouble++;
1227     }
1228 
1229     /* Copy data into free space, and zero out denserows */
1230     ierr = PetscLLCondensedClean(aN,nnz,current_space->array,lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1231 
1232     current_space->array           += nnz;
1233     current_space->local_used      += nnz;
1234     current_space->local_remaining -= nnz;
1235 
1236     coi[i+1] = coi[i] + nnz;
1237   }
1238 
1239   ierr = PetscMalloc1(coi[pon]+1,&coj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1240   ierr = PetscFreeSpaceContiguous(&free_space,coj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1241 
1242   afill_tmp = (PetscReal)coi[pon]/(poti[pon] + ai[am]+1);
1243   if (afill_tmp > afill) afill = afill_tmp;
1244 
1245   /* send j-array (coj) of Co to other processors */
1246   /*----------------------------------------------*/
1247   /* determine row ownership */
1248   ierr = PetscNew(&merge);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1249   ierr = PetscLayoutCreate(comm,&merge->rowmap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1250 
1251   merge->rowmap->n  = pn;
1252   merge->rowmap->bs = 1;
1253 
1254   ierr   = PetscLayoutSetUp(merge->rowmap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1255   owners = merge->rowmap->range;
1256 
1257   /* determine the number of messages to send, their lengths */
1258   ierr = PetscCalloc1(size,&len_si);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1259   ierr = PetscMalloc1(size,&merge->len_s);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1260 
1261   len_s        = merge->len_s;
1262   merge->nsend = 0;
1263 
1264   ierr = PetscMalloc1(size+2,&owners_co);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1265   ierr = PetscMemzero(len_s,size*sizeof(PetscMPIInt));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1266 
1267   proc = 0;
1268   for (i=0; i<pon; i++) {
1269     while (prmap[i] >= owners[proc+1]) proc++;
1270     len_si[proc]++;  /* num of rows in Co to be sent to [proc] */
1271     len_s[proc] += coi[i+1] - coi[i];
1272   }
1273 
1274   len          = 0; /* max length of buf_si[] */
1275   owners_co[0] = 0;
1276   for (proc=0; proc<size; proc++) {
1277     owners_co[proc+1] = owners_co[proc] + len_si[proc];
1278     if (len_si[proc]) {
1279       merge->nsend++;
1280       len_si[proc] = 2*(len_si[proc] + 1);
1281       len         += len_si[proc];
1282     }
1283   }
1284 
1285   /* determine the number and length of messages to receive for coi and coj  */
1286   ierr = PetscGatherNumberOfMessages(comm,NULL,len_s,&merge->nrecv);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1287   ierr = PetscGatherMessageLengths2(comm,merge->nsend,merge->nrecv,len_s,len_si,&merge->id_r,&merge->len_r,&len_ri);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1288 
1289   /* post the Irecv and Isend of coj */
1290   ierr = PetscCommGetNewTag(comm,&tagj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1291   ierr = PetscPostIrecvInt(comm,tagj,merge->nrecv,merge->id_r,merge->len_r,&buf_rj,&rwaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1292   ierr = PetscMalloc1(merge->nsend+1,&swaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1293   for (proc=0, k=0; proc<size; proc++) {
1294     if (!len_s[proc]) continue;
1295     i    = owners_co[proc];
1296     ierr = MPI_Isend(coj+coi[i],len_s[proc],MPIU_INT,proc,tagj,comm,swaits+k);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1297     k++;
1298   }
1299 
1300   /* receives and sends of coj are complete */
1301   ierr = PetscMalloc1(size,&sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1302   for (i=0; i<merge->nrecv; i++) {
1303     PetscMPIInt icompleted;
1304     ierr = MPI_Waitany(merge->nrecv,rwaits,&icompleted,&rstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1305   }
1306   ierr = PetscFree(rwaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1307   if (merge->nsend) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(merge->nsend,swaits,sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1308 
1309   /* send and recv coi */
1310   /*-------------------*/
1311   ierr   = PetscCommGetNewTag(comm,&tagi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1312   ierr   = PetscPostIrecvInt(comm,tagi,merge->nrecv,merge->id_r,len_ri,&buf_ri,&rwaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1313   ierr   = PetscMalloc1(len+1,&buf_s);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1314   buf_si = buf_s;  /* points to the beginning of k-th msg to be sent */
1315   for (proc=0,k=0; proc<size; proc++) {
1316     if (!len_s[proc]) continue;
1317     /* form outgoing message for i-structure:
1318          buf_si[0]:                 nrows to be sent
1319                [1:nrows]:           row index (global)
1320                [nrows+1:2*nrows+1]: i-structure index
1321     */
1322     /*-------------------------------------------*/
1323     nrows       = len_si[proc]/2 - 1;
1324     buf_si_i    = buf_si + nrows+1;
1325     buf_si[0]   = nrows;
1326     buf_si_i[0] = 0;
1327     nrows       = 0;
1328     for (i=owners_co[proc]; i<owners_co[proc+1]; i++) {
1329       nzi               = coi[i+1] - coi[i];
1330       buf_si_i[nrows+1] = buf_si_i[nrows] + nzi; /* i-structure */
1331       buf_si[nrows+1]   = prmap[i] -owners[proc]; /* local row index */
1332       nrows++;
1333     }
1334     ierr = MPI_Isend(buf_si,len_si[proc],MPIU_INT,proc,tagi,comm,swaits+k);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1335     k++;
1336     buf_si += len_si[proc];
1337   }
1338   i = merge->nrecv;
1339   while (i--) {
1340     PetscMPIInt icompleted;
1341     ierr = MPI_Waitany(merge->nrecv,rwaits,&icompleted,&rstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1342   }
1343   ierr = PetscFree(rwaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1344   if (merge->nsend) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(merge->nsend,swaits,sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1345   ierr = PetscFree(len_si);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1346   ierr = PetscFree(len_ri);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1347   ierr = PetscFree(swaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1348   ierr = PetscFree(sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1349   ierr = PetscFree(buf_s);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1350 
1351   /* compute the local portion of C (mpi mat) */
1352   /*------------------------------------------*/
1353   /* allocate bi array and free space for accumulating nonzero column info */
1354   ierr  = PetscMalloc1(pn+1,&bi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1355   bi[0] = 0;
1356 
1357   /* set initial free space to be fill*(nnz(P) + nnz(A)) */
1358   nnz           = fill*(pdti[pn] + poti[pon] + ai[am]);
1359   ierr          = PetscFreeSpaceGet(nnz,&free_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1360   current_space = free_space;
1361 
1362   ierr = PetscMalloc3(merge->nrecv,&buf_ri_k,merge->nrecv,&nextrow,merge->nrecv,&nextci);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1363   for (k=0; k<merge->nrecv; k++) {
1364     buf_ri_k[k] = buf_ri[k]; /* beginning of k-th recved i-structure */
1365     nrows       = *buf_ri_k[k];
1366     nextrow[k]  = buf_ri_k[k] + 1;  /* next row number of k-th recved i-structure */
1367     nextci[k]   = buf_ri_k[k] + (nrows + 1); /* poins to the next i-structure of k-th recved i-structure  */
1368   }
1369 
1370   ierr = MatPreallocateInitialize(comm,pn,A->cmap->n,dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1371   rmax = 0;
1372   for (i=0; i<pn; i++) {
1373     /* add pdt[i,:]*AP into lnk */
1374     pnz = pdti[i+1] - pdti[i];
1375     ptJ = pdtj + pdti[i];
1376     for (j=0; j<pnz; j++) {
1377       row  = ptJ[j];  /* row of AP == col of Pt */
1378       anz  = ai[row+1] - ai[row];
1379       Jptr = aj + ai[row];
1380       /* add non-zero cols of AP into the sorted linked list lnk */
1381       ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted(anz,Jptr,lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1382     }
1383 
1384     /* add received col data into lnk */
1385     for (k=0; k<merge->nrecv; k++) { /* k-th received message */
1386       if (i == *nextrow[k]) { /* i-th row */
1387         nzi  = *(nextci[k]+1) - *nextci[k];
1388         Jptr = buf_rj[k] + *nextci[k];
1389         ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted(nzi,Jptr,lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1390         nextrow[k]++; nextci[k]++;
1391       }
1392     }
1393     nnz = lnk[0];
1394 
1395     /* if free space is not available, make more free space */
1396     if (current_space->local_remaining<nnz) {
1397       ierr = PetscFreeSpaceGet(nnz+current_space->total_array_size,&current_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1398       nspacedouble++;
1399     }
1400     /* copy data into free space, then initialize lnk */
1401     ierr = PetscLLCondensedClean(aN,nnz,current_space->array,lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1402     ierr = MatPreallocateSet(i+owners[rank],nnz,current_space->array,dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1403 
1404     current_space->array           += nnz;
1405     current_space->local_used      += nnz;
1406     current_space->local_remaining -= nnz;
1407 
1408     bi[i+1] = bi[i] + nnz;
1409     if (nnz > rmax) rmax = nnz;
1410   }
1411   ierr = PetscFree3(buf_ri_k,nextrow,nextci);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1412 
1413   ierr = PetscMalloc1(bi[pn]+1,&bj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1414   ierr = PetscFreeSpaceContiguous(&free_space,bj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1415 
1416   afill_tmp = (PetscReal)bi[pn]/(pdti[pn] + poti[pon] + ai[am]+1);
1417   if (afill_tmp > afill) afill = afill_tmp;
1418   ierr = PetscLLCondensedDestroy(lnk,lnkbt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1419   ierr = MatDestroy(&POt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1420   ierr = MatDestroy(&PDt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1421 
1422   /* create symbolic parallel matrix Cmpi - why cannot be assembled in Numeric part   */
1423   /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
1424   ierr = PetscCalloc1(rmax+1,&vals);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1425 
1426   ierr = MatCreate(comm,&Cmpi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1427   ierr = MatSetSizes(Cmpi,pn,A->cmap->n,PETSC_DETERMINE,PETSC_DETERMINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1428   ierr = MatSetBlockSizes(Cmpi,PetscAbs(P->cmap->bs),PetscAbs(A->cmap->bs));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1429   ierr = MatSetType(Cmpi,MATMPIAIJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1430   ierr = MatMPIAIJSetPreallocation(Cmpi,0,dnz,0,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1431   ierr = MatPreallocateFinalize(dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1432   ierr = MatSetBlockSize(Cmpi,1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1433   for (i=0; i<pn; i++) {
1434     row  = i + rstart;
1435     nnz  = bi[i+1] - bi[i];
1436     Jptr = bj + bi[i];
1437     ierr = MatSetValues(Cmpi,1,&row,nnz,Jptr,vals,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1438   }
1439   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(Cmpi,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1440   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(Cmpi,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1441   ierr = PetscFree(vals);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1442 
1443   merge->bi        = bi;
1444   merge->bj        = bj;
1445   merge->coi       = coi;
1446   merge->coj       = coj;
1447   merge->buf_ri    = buf_ri;
1448   merge->buf_rj    = buf_rj;
1449   merge->owners_co = owners_co;
1450   merge->destroy   = Cmpi->ops->destroy;
1451   merge->duplicate = Cmpi->ops->duplicate;
1452 
1453   Cmpi->ops->mattransposemultnumeric = MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable;
1454   Cmpi->ops->destroy                 = MatDestroy_MPIAIJ_PtAP;
1455   Cmpi->ops->duplicate               = MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ_MatPtAP;
1456 
1457   /* attach the supporting struct to Cmpi for reuse */
1458   c           = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)Cmpi->data;
1459   c->ptap     = ptap;
1460   ptap->api   = NULL;
1461   ptap->apj   = NULL;
1462   ptap->merge = merge;
1463   ptap->rmax  = rmax;
1464 
1465   *C = Cmpi;
1466 #if defined(PETSC_USE_INFO)
1467   if (bi[pn] != 0) {
1468     ierr = PetscInfo3(Cmpi,"Reallocs %D; Fill ratio: given %g needed %g.\n",nspacedouble,(double)fill,(double)afill);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1469     ierr = PetscInfo1(Cmpi,"Use MatTransposeMatMult(A,B,MatReuse,%g,&C) for best performance.\n",(double)afill);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1470   } else {
1471     ierr = PetscInfo(Cmpi,"Empty matrix product\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1472   }
1473 #endif
1474   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1475 }
1476 
1477 #undef __FUNCT__
1478 #define __FUNCT__ "MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ"
1479 PetscErrorCode MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ(Mat P,Mat A,Mat C)
1480 {
1481   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
1482   Mat_Merge_SeqsToMPI *merge;
1483   Mat_MPIAIJ          *p =(Mat_MPIAIJ*)P->data,*c=(Mat_MPIAIJ*)C->data;
1484   Mat_SeqAIJ          *pd=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(p->A)->data,*po=(Mat_SeqAIJ*)(p->B)->data;
1485   Mat_PtAPMPI         *ptap;
1486   PetscInt            *adj;
1487   PetscInt            i,j,k,anz,pnz,row,*cj,nexta;
1488   MatScalar           *ada,*ca,valtmp;
1489   PetscInt            am  =A->rmap->n,cm=C->rmap->n,pon=(p->B)->cmap->n;
1490   MPI_Comm            comm;
1491   PetscMPIInt         size,rank,taga,*len_s;
1492   PetscInt            *owners,proc,nrows,**buf_ri_k,**nextrow,**nextci;
1493   PetscInt            **buf_ri,**buf_rj;
1494   PetscInt            cnz=0,*bj_i,*bi,*bj,bnz,nextcj;  /* bi,bj,ba: local array of C(mpi mat) */
1495   MPI_Request         *s_waits,*r_waits;
1496   MPI_Status          *status;
1497   MatScalar           **abuf_r,*ba_i,*pA,*coa,*ba;
1498   PetscInt            *ai,*aj,*coi,*coj;
1499   PetscInt            *poJ,*pdJ;
1500   Mat                 A_loc;
1501   Mat_SeqAIJ          *a_loc;
1502 
1503   PetscFunctionBegin;
1504   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)C,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1505   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1506   ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(comm,&rank);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1507 
1508   ptap  = c->ptap;
1509   merge = ptap->merge;
1510 
1511   /* 2) compute numeric C_seq = P_loc^T*A_loc */
1512   /*------------------------------------------*/
1513   /* get data from symbolic products */
1514   coi    = merge->coi; coj = merge->coj;
1515   ierr   = PetscCalloc1(coi[pon]+1,&coa);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1516   bi     = merge->bi; bj = merge->bj;
1517   owners = merge->rowmap->range;
1518   ierr   = PetscCalloc1(bi[cm]+1,&ba);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1519 
1520   /* get A_loc by taking all local rows of A */
1521   A_loc = ptap->A_loc;
1522   ierr  = MatMPIAIJGetLocalMat(A,MAT_REUSE_MATRIX,&A_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1523   a_loc = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(A_loc)->data;
1524   ai    = a_loc->i;
1525   aj    = a_loc->j;
1526 
1527   for (i=0; i<am; i++) {
1528     anz = ai[i+1] - ai[i];
1529     adj = aj + ai[i];
1530     ada = a_loc->a + ai[i];
1531 
1532     /* 2-b) Compute Cseq = P_loc[i,:]^T*A[i,:] using outer product */
1533     /*-------------------------------------------------------------*/
1534     /* put the value into Co=(p->B)^T*A (off-diagonal part, send to others) */
1535     pnz = po->i[i+1] - po->i[i];
1536     poJ = po->j + po->i[i];
1537     pA  = po->a + po->i[i];
1538     for (j=0; j<pnz; j++) {
1539       row = poJ[j];
1540       cj  = coj + coi[row];
1541       ca  = coa + coi[row];
1542       /* perform sparse axpy */
1543       nexta  = 0;
1544       valtmp = pA[j];
1545       for (k=0; nexta<anz; k++) {
1546         if (cj[k] == adj[nexta]) {
1547           ca[k] += valtmp*ada[nexta];
1548           nexta++;
1549         }
1550       }
1551       ierr = PetscLogFlops(2.0*anz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1552     }
1553 
1554     /* put the value into Cd (diagonal part) */
1555     pnz = pd->i[i+1] - pd->i[i];
1556     pdJ = pd->j + pd->i[i];
1557     pA  = pd->a + pd->i[i];
1558     for (j=0; j<pnz; j++) {
1559       row = pdJ[j];
1560       cj  = bj + bi[row];
1561       ca  = ba + bi[row];
1562       /* perform sparse axpy */
1563       nexta  = 0;
1564       valtmp = pA[j];
1565       for (k=0; nexta<anz; k++) {
1566         if (cj[k] == adj[nexta]) {
1567           ca[k] += valtmp*ada[nexta];
1568           nexta++;
1569         }
1570       }
1571       ierr = PetscLogFlops(2.0*anz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1572     }
1573   }
1574 
1575   /* 3) send and recv matrix values coa */
1576   /*------------------------------------*/
1577   buf_ri = merge->buf_ri;
1578   buf_rj = merge->buf_rj;
1579   len_s  = merge->len_s;
1580   ierr   = PetscCommGetNewTag(comm,&taga);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1581   ierr   = PetscPostIrecvScalar(comm,taga,merge->nrecv,merge->id_r,merge->len_r,&abuf_r,&r_waits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1582 
1583   ierr = PetscMalloc2(merge->nsend+1,&s_waits,size,&status);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1584   for (proc=0,k=0; proc<size; proc++) {
1585     if (!len_s[proc]) continue;
1586     i    = merge->owners_co[proc];
1587     ierr = MPI_Isend(coa+coi[i],len_s[proc],MPIU_MATSCALAR,proc,taga,comm,s_waits+k);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1588     k++;
1589   }
1590   if (merge->nrecv) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(merge->nrecv,r_waits,status);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1591   if (merge->nsend) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(merge->nsend,s_waits,status);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1592 
1593   ierr = PetscFree2(s_waits,status);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1594   ierr = PetscFree(r_waits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1595   ierr = PetscFree(coa);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1596 
1597   /* 4) insert local Cseq and received values into Cmpi */
1598   /*----------------------------------------------------*/
1599   ierr = PetscMalloc3(merge->nrecv,&buf_ri_k,merge->nrecv,&nextrow,merge->nrecv,&nextci);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1600   for (k=0; k<merge->nrecv; k++) {
1601     buf_ri_k[k] = buf_ri[k]; /* beginning of k-th recved i-structure */
1602     nrows       = *(buf_ri_k[k]);
1603     nextrow[k]  = buf_ri_k[k]+1;  /* next row number of k-th recved i-structure */
1604     nextci[k]   = buf_ri_k[k] + (nrows + 1); /* poins to the next i-structure of k-th recved i-structure  */
1605   }
1606 
1607   for (i=0; i<cm; i++) {
1608     row  = owners[rank] + i; /* global row index of C_seq */
1609     bj_i = bj + bi[i];  /* col indices of the i-th row of C */
1610     ba_i = ba + bi[i];
1611     bnz  = bi[i+1] - bi[i];
1612     /* add received vals into ba */
1613     for (k=0; k<merge->nrecv; k++) { /* k-th received message */
1614       /* i-th row */
1615       if (i == *nextrow[k]) {
1616         cnz    = *(nextci[k]+1) - *nextci[k];
1617         cj     = buf_rj[k] + *(nextci[k]);
1618         ca     = abuf_r[k] + *(nextci[k]);
1619         nextcj = 0;
1620         for (j=0; nextcj<cnz; j++) {
1621           if (bj_i[j] == cj[nextcj]) { /* bcol == ccol */
1622             ba_i[j] += ca[nextcj++];
1623           }
1624         }
1625         nextrow[k]++; nextci[k]++;
1626         ierr = PetscLogFlops(2.0*cnz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1627       }
1628     }
1629     ierr = MatSetValues(C,1,&row,bnz,bj_i,ba_i,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1630   }
1631   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1632   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(C,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1633 
1634   ierr = PetscFree(ba);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1635   ierr = PetscFree(abuf_r[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1636   ierr = PetscFree(abuf_r);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1637   ierr = PetscFree3(buf_ri_k,nextrow,nextci);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1638   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1639 }
1640 
1641 PetscErrorCode MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ_MatPtAP(Mat, MatDuplicateOption,Mat*);
1642 /* This routine is modified from MatPtAPSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ();
1643    differ from MatTransposeMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ_nonscalable in using LLCondensedCreate_Scalable() */
1644 #undef __FUNCT__
1645 #define __FUNCT__ "MatTransposeMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ"
1646 PetscErrorCode MatTransposeMatMultSymbolic_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ(Mat P,Mat A,PetscReal fill,Mat *C)
1647 {
1648   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
1649   Mat                 Cmpi,A_loc,POt,PDt;
1650   Mat_PtAPMPI         *ptap;
1651   PetscFreeSpaceList  free_space=NULL,current_space=NULL;
1652   Mat_MPIAIJ          *p        =(Mat_MPIAIJ*)P->data,*c;
1653   PetscInt            *pdti,*pdtj,*poti,*potj,*ptJ;
1654   PetscInt            nnz;
1655   PetscInt            *lnk,*owners_co,*coi,*coj,i,k,pnz,row;
1656   PetscInt            am  =A->rmap->n,pn=P->cmap->n;
1657   MPI_Comm            comm;
1658   PetscMPIInt         size,rank,tagi,tagj,*len_si,*len_s,*len_ri;
1659   PetscInt            **buf_rj,**buf_ri,**buf_ri_k;
1660   PetscInt            len,proc,*dnz,*onz,*owners;
1661   PetscInt            nzi,*bi,*bj;
1662   PetscInt            nrows,*buf_s,*buf_si,*buf_si_i,**nextrow,**nextci;
1663   MPI_Request         *swaits,*rwaits;
1664   MPI_Status          *sstatus,rstatus;
1665   Mat_Merge_SeqsToMPI *merge;
1666   PetscInt            *ai,*aj,*Jptr,anz,*prmap=p->garray,pon,nspacedouble=0,j;
1667   PetscReal           afill  =1.0,afill_tmp;
1668   PetscInt            rstart = P->cmap->rstart,rmax,aN=A->cmap->N,Crmax;
1669   PetscScalar         *vals;
1670   Mat_SeqAIJ          *a_loc, *pdt,*pot;
1671 
1672   PetscFunctionBegin;
1673   ierr = PetscObjectGetComm((PetscObject)A,&comm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1674   /* check if matrix local sizes are compatible */
1675   if (A->rmap->rstart != P->rmap->rstart || A->rmap->rend != P->rmap->rend) {
1676     SETERRQ4(comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ,"Matrix local dimensions are incompatible, A (%D, %D) != P (%D,%D)",A->rmap->rstart,A->rmap->rend,P->rmap->rstart,P->rmap->rend);
1677   }
1678 
1679   ierr = MPI_Comm_size(comm,&size);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1680   ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(comm,&rank);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1681 
1682   /* create struct Mat_PtAPMPI and attached it to C later */
1683   ierr = PetscNew(&ptap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1684 
1685   /* get A_loc by taking all local rows of A */
1686   ierr = MatMPIAIJGetLocalMat(A,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,&A_loc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1687 
1688   ptap->A_loc = A_loc;
1689   a_loc       = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)(A_loc)->data;
1690   ai          = a_loc->i;
1691   aj          = a_loc->j;
1692 
1693   /* determine symbolic Co=(p->B)^T*A - send to others */
1694   /*----------------------------------------------------*/
1695   ierr = MatTransposeSymbolic_SeqAIJ(p->A,&PDt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1696   pdt  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)PDt->data;
1697   pdti = pdt->i; pdtj = pdt->j;
1698 
1699   ierr = MatTransposeSymbolic_SeqAIJ(p->B,&POt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1700   pot  = (Mat_SeqAIJ*)POt->data;
1701   poti = pot->i; potj = pot->j;
1702 
1703   /* then, compute symbolic Co = (p->B)^T*A */
1704   pon    = (p->B)->cmap->n; /* total num of rows to be sent to other processors
1705                          >= (num of nonzero rows of C_seq) - pn */
1706   ierr   = PetscMalloc1(pon+1,&coi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1707   coi[0] = 0;
1708 
1709   /* set initial free space to be fill*(nnz(p->B) + nnz(A)) */
1710   nnz           = fill*(poti[pon] + ai[am]);
1711   ierr          = PetscFreeSpaceGet(nnz,&free_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1712   current_space = free_space;
1713 
1714   /* create and initialize a linked list */
1715   i     = PetscMax(pdt->rmax,pot->rmax);
1716   Crmax = i*a_loc->rmax*size; /* non-scalable! */
1717   if (!Crmax || Crmax > aN) Crmax = aN;
1718   ierr = PetscLLCondensedCreate_Scalable(Crmax,&lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1719 
1720   for (i=0; i<pon; i++) {
1721     pnz = poti[i+1] - poti[i];
1722     ptJ = potj + poti[i];
1723     for (j=0; j<pnz; j++) {
1724       row  = ptJ[j]; /* row of A_loc == col of Pot */
1725       anz  = ai[row+1] - ai[row];
1726       Jptr = aj + ai[row];
1727       /* add non-zero cols of AP into the sorted linked list lnk */
1728       ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted_Scalable(anz,Jptr,lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1729     }
1730     nnz = lnk[0];
1731 
1732     /* If free space is not available, double the total space in the list */
1733     if (current_space->local_remaining<nnz) {
1734       ierr = PetscFreeSpaceGet(nnz+current_space->total_array_size,&current_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1735       nspacedouble++;
1736     }
1737 
1738     /* Copy data into free space, and zero out denserows */
1739     ierr = PetscLLCondensedClean_Scalable(nnz,current_space->array,lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1740 
1741     current_space->array           += nnz;
1742     current_space->local_used      += nnz;
1743     current_space->local_remaining -= nnz;
1744 
1745     coi[i+1] = coi[i] + nnz;
1746   }
1747 
1748   ierr = PetscMalloc1(coi[pon]+1,&coj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1749   ierr = PetscFreeSpaceContiguous(&free_space,coj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1750 
1751   afill_tmp = (PetscReal)coi[pon]/(poti[pon] + ai[am]+1);
1752   if (afill_tmp > afill) afill = afill_tmp;
1753 
1754   /* send j-array (coj) of Co to other processors */
1755   /*----------------------------------------------*/
1756   /* determine row ownership */
1757   ierr = PetscNew(&merge);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1758   ierr = PetscLayoutCreate(comm,&merge->rowmap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1759 
1760   merge->rowmap->n  = pn;
1761   merge->rowmap->bs = 1;
1762 
1763   ierr   = PetscLayoutSetUp(merge->rowmap);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1764   owners = merge->rowmap->range;
1765 
1766   /* determine the number of messages to send, their lengths */
1767   ierr = PetscCalloc1(size,&len_si);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1768   ierr = PetscMalloc1(size,&merge->len_s);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1769 
1770   len_s        = merge->len_s;
1771   merge->nsend = 0;
1772 
1773   ierr = PetscMalloc1(size+2,&owners_co);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1774   ierr = PetscMemzero(len_s,size*sizeof(PetscMPIInt));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1775 
1776   proc = 0;
1777   for (i=0; i<pon; i++) {
1778     while (prmap[i] >= owners[proc+1]) proc++;
1779     len_si[proc]++;  /* num of rows in Co to be sent to [proc] */
1780     len_s[proc] += coi[i+1] - coi[i];
1781   }
1782 
1783   len          = 0; /* max length of buf_si[] */
1784   owners_co[0] = 0;
1785   for (proc=0; proc<size; proc++) {
1786     owners_co[proc+1] = owners_co[proc] + len_si[proc];
1787     if (len_si[proc]) {
1788       merge->nsend++;
1789       len_si[proc] = 2*(len_si[proc] + 1);
1790       len         += len_si[proc];
1791     }
1792   }
1793 
1794   /* determine the number and length of messages to receive for coi and coj  */
1795   ierr = PetscGatherNumberOfMessages(comm,NULL,len_s,&merge->nrecv);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1796   ierr = PetscGatherMessageLengths2(comm,merge->nsend,merge->nrecv,len_s,len_si,&merge->id_r,&merge->len_r,&len_ri);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1797 
1798   /* post the Irecv and Isend of coj */
1799   ierr = PetscCommGetNewTag(comm,&tagj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1800   ierr = PetscPostIrecvInt(comm,tagj,merge->nrecv,merge->id_r,merge->len_r,&buf_rj,&rwaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1801   ierr = PetscMalloc1(merge->nsend+1,&swaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1802   for (proc=0, k=0; proc<size; proc++) {
1803     if (!len_s[proc]) continue;
1804     i    = owners_co[proc];
1805     ierr = MPI_Isend(coj+coi[i],len_s[proc],MPIU_INT,proc,tagj,comm,swaits+k);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1806     k++;
1807   }
1808 
1809   /* receives and sends of coj are complete */
1810   ierr = PetscMalloc1(size,&sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1811   for (i=0; i<merge->nrecv; i++) {
1812     PetscMPIInt icompleted;
1813     ierr = MPI_Waitany(merge->nrecv,rwaits,&icompleted,&rstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1814   }
1815   ierr = PetscFree(rwaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1816   if (merge->nsend) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(merge->nsend,swaits,sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1817 
1818   /* send and recv coi */
1819   /*-------------------*/
1820   ierr   = PetscCommGetNewTag(comm,&tagi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1821   ierr   = PetscPostIrecvInt(comm,tagi,merge->nrecv,merge->id_r,len_ri,&buf_ri,&rwaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1822   ierr   = PetscMalloc1(len+1,&buf_s);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1823   buf_si = buf_s;  /* points to the beginning of k-th msg to be sent */
1824   for (proc=0,k=0; proc<size; proc++) {
1825     if (!len_s[proc]) continue;
1826     /* form outgoing message for i-structure:
1827          buf_si[0]:                 nrows to be sent
1828                [1:nrows]:           row index (global)
1829                [nrows+1:2*nrows+1]: i-structure index
1830     */
1831     /*-------------------------------------------*/
1832     nrows       = len_si[proc]/2 - 1;
1833     buf_si_i    = buf_si + nrows+1;
1834     buf_si[0]   = nrows;
1835     buf_si_i[0] = 0;
1836     nrows       = 0;
1837     for (i=owners_co[proc]; i<owners_co[proc+1]; i++) {
1838       nzi               = coi[i+1] - coi[i];
1839       buf_si_i[nrows+1] = buf_si_i[nrows] + nzi;  /* i-structure */
1840       buf_si[nrows+1]   = prmap[i] -owners[proc]; /* local row index */
1841       nrows++;
1842     }
1843     ierr = MPI_Isend(buf_si,len_si[proc],MPIU_INT,proc,tagi,comm,swaits+k);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1844     k++;
1845     buf_si += len_si[proc];
1846   }
1847   i = merge->nrecv;
1848   while (i--) {
1849     PetscMPIInt icompleted;
1850     ierr = MPI_Waitany(merge->nrecv,rwaits,&icompleted,&rstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1851   }
1852   ierr = PetscFree(rwaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1853   if (merge->nsend) {ierr = MPI_Waitall(merge->nsend,swaits,sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1854   ierr = PetscFree(len_si);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1855   ierr = PetscFree(len_ri);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1856   ierr = PetscFree(swaits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1857   ierr = PetscFree(sstatus);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1858   ierr = PetscFree(buf_s);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1859 
1860   /* compute the local portion of C (mpi mat) */
1861   /*------------------------------------------*/
1862   /* allocate bi array and free space for accumulating nonzero column info */
1863   ierr  = PetscMalloc1(pn+1,&bi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1864   bi[0] = 0;
1865 
1866   /* set initial free space to be fill*(nnz(P) + nnz(AP)) */
1867   nnz           = fill*(pdti[pn] + poti[pon] + ai[am]);
1868   ierr          = PetscFreeSpaceGet(nnz,&free_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1869   current_space = free_space;
1870 
1871   ierr = PetscMalloc3(merge->nrecv,&buf_ri_k,merge->nrecv,&nextrow,merge->nrecv,&nextci);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1872   for (k=0; k<merge->nrecv; k++) {
1873     buf_ri_k[k] = buf_ri[k]; /* beginning of k-th recved i-structure */
1874     nrows       = *buf_ri_k[k];
1875     nextrow[k]  = buf_ri_k[k] + 1;  /* next row number of k-th recved i-structure */
1876     nextci[k]   = buf_ri_k[k] + (nrows + 1); /* points to the next i-structure of k-th recieved i-structure  */
1877   }
1878 
1879   ierr = MatPreallocateInitialize(comm,pn,A->cmap->n,dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1880   rmax = 0;
1881   for (i=0; i<pn; i++) {
1882     /* add pdt[i,:]*AP into lnk */
1883     pnz = pdti[i+1] - pdti[i];
1884     ptJ = pdtj + pdti[i];
1885     for (j=0; j<pnz; j++) {
1886       row  = ptJ[j];  /* row of AP == col of Pt */
1887       anz  = ai[row+1] - ai[row];
1888       Jptr = aj + ai[row];
1889       /* add non-zero cols of AP into the sorted linked list lnk */
1890       ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted_Scalable(anz,Jptr,lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1891     }
1892 
1893     /* add received col data into lnk */
1894     for (k=0; k<merge->nrecv; k++) { /* k-th received message */
1895       if (i == *nextrow[k]) { /* i-th row */
1896         nzi  = *(nextci[k]+1) - *nextci[k];
1897         Jptr = buf_rj[k] + *nextci[k];
1898         ierr = PetscLLCondensedAddSorted_Scalable(nzi,Jptr,lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1899         nextrow[k]++; nextci[k]++;
1900       }
1901     }
1902     nnz = lnk[0];
1903 
1904     /* if free space is not available, make more free space */
1905     if (current_space->local_remaining<nnz) {
1906       ierr = PetscFreeSpaceGet(nnz+current_space->total_array_size,&current_space);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1907       nspacedouble++;
1908     }
1909     /* copy data into free space, then initialize lnk */
1910     ierr = PetscLLCondensedClean_Scalable(nnz,current_space->array,lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1911     ierr = MatPreallocateSet(i+owners[rank],nnz,current_space->array,dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1912 
1913     current_space->array           += nnz;
1914     current_space->local_used      += nnz;
1915     current_space->local_remaining -= nnz;
1916 
1917     bi[i+1] = bi[i] + nnz;
1918     if (nnz > rmax) rmax = nnz;
1919   }
1920   ierr = PetscFree3(buf_ri_k,nextrow,nextci);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1921 
1922   ierr      = PetscMalloc1(bi[pn]+1,&bj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1923   ierr      = PetscFreeSpaceContiguous(&free_space,bj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1924   afill_tmp = (PetscReal)bi[pn]/(pdti[pn] + poti[pon] + ai[am]+1);
1925   if (afill_tmp > afill) afill = afill_tmp;
1926   ierr = PetscLLCondensedDestroy_Scalable(lnk);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1927   ierr = MatDestroy(&POt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1928   ierr = MatDestroy(&PDt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1929 
1930   /* create symbolic parallel matrix Cmpi - why cannot be assembled in Numeric part   */
1931   /*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
1932   ierr = PetscCalloc1(rmax+1,&vals);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1933 
1934   ierr = MatCreate(comm,&Cmpi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1935   ierr = MatSetSizes(Cmpi,pn,A->cmap->n,PETSC_DETERMINE,PETSC_DETERMINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1936   ierr = MatSetBlockSizes(Cmpi,PetscAbs(P->cmap->bs),PetscAbs(A->cmap->bs));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1937   ierr = MatSetType(Cmpi,MATMPIAIJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1938   ierr = MatMPIAIJSetPreallocation(Cmpi,0,dnz,0,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1939   ierr = MatPreallocateFinalize(dnz,onz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1940   ierr = MatSetBlockSize(Cmpi,1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1941   for (i=0; i<pn; i++) {
1942     row  = i + rstart;
1943     nnz  = bi[i+1] - bi[i];
1944     Jptr = bj + bi[i];
1945     ierr = MatSetValues(Cmpi,1,&row,nnz,Jptr,vals,INSERT_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1946   }
1947   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(Cmpi,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1948   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(Cmpi,MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1949   ierr = PetscFree(vals);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1950 
1951   merge->bi        = bi;
1952   merge->bj        = bj;
1953   merge->coi       = coi;
1954   merge->coj       = coj;
1955   merge->buf_ri    = buf_ri;
1956   merge->buf_rj    = buf_rj;
1957   merge->owners_co = owners_co;
1958   merge->destroy   = Cmpi->ops->destroy;
1959   merge->duplicate = Cmpi->ops->duplicate;
1960 
1961   Cmpi->ops->mattransposemultnumeric = MatTransposeMatMultNumeric_MPIAIJ_MPIAIJ;
1962   Cmpi->ops->destroy                 = MatDestroy_MPIAIJ_PtAP;
1963   Cmpi->ops->duplicate               = MatDuplicate_MPIAIJ_MatPtAP;
1964 
1965   /* attach the supporting struct to Cmpi for reuse */
1966   c = (Mat_MPIAIJ*)Cmpi->data;
1967 
1968   c->ptap     = ptap;
1969   ptap->api   = NULL;
1970   ptap->apj   = NULL;
1971   ptap->merge = merge;
1972   ptap->rmax  = rmax;
1973   ptap->apa   = NULL;
1974 
1975   *C = Cmpi;
1976 #if defined(PETSC_USE_INFO)
1977   if (bi[pn] != 0) {
1978     ierr = PetscInfo3(Cmpi,"Reallocs %D; Fill ratio: given %g needed %g.\n",nspacedouble,(double)fill,(double)afill);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1979     ierr = PetscInfo1(Cmpi,"Use MatTransposeMatMult(A,B,MatReuse,%g,&C) for best performance.\n",(double)afill);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1980   } else {
1981     ierr = PetscInfo(Cmpi,"Empty matrix product\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1982   }
1983 #endif
1984   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1985 }
1986