xref: /petsc/src/snes/impls/vi/ss/viss.c (revision 9bd66eb0dc31efbcccaa04c7c4d5de114a77b297)

#include <../src/snes/impls/vi/ss/vissimpl.h> /*I "petscsnes.h" I*/
#include <../include/private/kspimpl.h>
#include <../include/private/matimpl.h>
#include <../include/private/dmimpl.h>


/*
  SNESVIComputeMeritFunction - Evaluates the merit function for the mixed complementarity problem.

  Input Parameter:
. phi - the semismooth function

  Output Parameter:
. merit - the merit function
. phinorm - ||phi||

  Notes:
  The merit function for the mixed complementarity problem is defined as
     merit = 0.5*phi^T*phi
*/
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeMeritFunction"
static PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeMeritFunction(Vec phi, PetscReal* merit,PetscReal* phinorm)
{
  PetscErrorCode ierr;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = VecNormBegin(phi,NORM_2,phinorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecNormEnd(phi,NORM_2,phinorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  *merit = 0.5*(*phinorm)*(*phinorm);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

PETSC_STATIC_INLINE PetscScalar Phi(PetscScalar a,PetscScalar b)
{
  return a + b - PetscSqrtScalar(a*a + b*b);
}

PETSC_STATIC_INLINE PetscScalar DPhi(PetscScalar a,PetscScalar b)
{
  if ((PetscAbsScalar(a) >= 1.e-6) || (PetscAbsScalar(b) >= 1.e-6)) return  1.0 - a/ PetscSqrtScalar(a*a + b*b);
  else return .5;
}

/*
   SNESVIComputeFunction - Reformulates a system of nonlinear equations in mixed complementarity form to a system of nonlinear equations in semismooth form.

   Input Parameters:
.  snes - the SNES context
.  x - current iterate
.  functx - user defined function context

   Output Parameters:
.  phi - Semismooth function

*/
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeFunction"
static PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeFunction(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec phi,void* functx)
{
  PetscErrorCode  ierr;
  SNES_VISS       *vi = (SNES_VISS*)snes->data;
  Vec             Xl = snes->xl,Xu = snes->xu,F = snes->vec_func;
  PetscScalar     *phi_arr,*x_arr,*f_arr,*l,*u;
  PetscInt        i,nlocal;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = (*vi->computeuserfunction)(snes,X,F,functx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetLocalSize(X,&nlocal);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(X,&x_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(F,&f_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(Xl,&l);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(Xu,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(phi,&phi_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  for (i=0;i < nlocal;i++) {
    if ((PetscRealPart(l[i]) <= SNES_VI_NINF) && (PetscRealPart(u[i]) >= SNES_VI_INF)) { /* no constraints on variable */
      phi_arr[i] = f_arr[i];
    } else if (PetscRealPart(l[i]) <= SNES_VI_NINF) {                      /* upper bound on variable only */
      phi_arr[i] = -Phi(u[i] - x_arr[i],-f_arr[i]);
    } else if (PetscRealPart(u[i]) >= SNES_VI_INF) {                       /* lower bound on variable only */
      phi_arr[i] = Phi(x_arr[i] - l[i],f_arr[i]);
    } else if (l[i] == u[i]) {
      phi_arr[i] = l[i] - x_arr[i];
    } else {                                                /* both bounds on variable */
      phi_arr[i] = Phi(x_arr[i] - l[i],-Phi(u[i] - x_arr[i],-f_arr[i]));
    }
  }

  ierr = VecRestoreArray(X,&x_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(F,&f_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(Xl,&l);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(Xu,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(phi,&phi_arr);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*
   SNESVIComputeBsubdifferentialVectors - Computes the diagonal shift (Da) and row scaling (Db) vectors needed for the
                                          the semismooth jacobian.
*/
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeBsubdifferentialVectors"
PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeBsubdifferentialVectors(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec F,Mat jac,Vec Da,Vec Db)
{
  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  PetscScalar    *l,*u,*x,*f,*da,*db,da1,da2,db1,db2;
  PetscInt       i,nlocal;

  PetscFunctionBegin;

  ierr = VecGetArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(snes->xl,&l);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(snes->xu,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(Da,&da);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetArray(Db,&db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecGetLocalSize(X,&nlocal);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  for (i=0;i< nlocal;i++) {
    if ((PetscRealPart(l[i]) <= SNES_VI_NINF) && (PetscRealPart(u[i]) >= SNES_VI_INF)) {/* no constraints on variable */
      da[i] = 0;
      db[i] = 1;
    } else if (PetscRealPart(l[i]) <= SNES_VI_NINF) {                     /* upper bound on variable only */
      da[i] = DPhi(u[i] - x[i], -f[i]);
      db[i] = DPhi(-f[i],u[i] - x[i]);
    } else if (PetscRealPart(u[i]) >= SNES_VI_INF) {                      /* lower bound on variable only */
      da[i] = DPhi(x[i] - l[i], f[i]);
      db[i] = DPhi(f[i],x[i] - l[i]);
    } else if (l[i] == u[i]) {                              /* fixed variable */
      da[i] = 1;
      db[i] = 0;
    } else {                                                /* upper and lower bounds on variable */
      da1 = DPhi(x[i] - l[i], -Phi(u[i] - x[i], -f[i]));
      db1 = DPhi(-Phi(u[i] - x[i], -f[i]),x[i] - l[i]);
      da2 = DPhi(u[i] - x[i], -f[i]);
      db2 = DPhi(-f[i],u[i] - x[i]);
      da[i] = da1 + db1*da2;
      db[i] = db1*db2;
    }
  }

  ierr = VecRestoreArray(X,&x);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(F,&f);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(snes->xl,&l);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(snes->xu,&u);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(Da,&da);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecRestoreArray(Db,&db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*
   SNESVIComputeJacobian - Computes the jacobian of the semismooth function.The Jacobian for the semismooth function is an element of the B-subdifferential of the Fischer-Burmeister function for complementarity problems.

   Input Parameters:
.  Da       - Diagonal shift vector for the semismooth jacobian.
.  Db       - Row scaling vector for the semismooth jacobian.

   Output Parameters:
.  jac      - semismooth jacobian
.  jac_pre  - optional preconditioning matrix

   Notes:
   The semismooth jacobian matrix is given by
   jac = Da + Db*jacfun
   where Db is the row scaling matrix stored as a vector,
         Da is the diagonal perturbation matrix stored as a vector
   and   jacfun is the jacobian of the original nonlinear function.
*/
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeJacobian"
PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeJacobian(Mat jac, Mat jac_pre,Vec Da, Vec Db)
{
  PetscErrorCode ierr;

  /* Do row scaling  and add diagonal perturbation */
  ierr = MatDiagonalScale(jac,Db,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = MatDiagonalSet(jac,Da,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  if (jac != jac_pre) { /* If jac and jac_pre are different */
    ierr = MatDiagonalScale(jac_pre,Db,PETSC_NULL);
    ierr = MatDiagonalSet(jac_pre,Da,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/*
   SNESVIComputeMeritFunctionGradient - Computes the gradient of the merit function psi.

   Input Parameters:
   phi - semismooth function.
   H   - semismooth jacobian

   Output Parameters:
   dpsi - merit function gradient

   Notes:
  The merit function gradient is computed as follows
        dpsi = H^T*phi
*/
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESVIComputeMeritFunctionGradient"
PetscErrorCode SNESVIComputeMeritFunctionGradient(Mat H, Vec phi, Vec dpsi)
{
  PetscErrorCode ierr;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = MatMultTranspose(H,phi,dpsi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}



/*
   SNESSolve_VISS - Solves the complementarity problem with a semismooth Newton
   method using a line search.

   Input Parameters:
.  snes - the SNES context

   Output Parameter:
.  outits - number of iterations until termination

   Application Interface Routine: SNESSolve()

   Notes:
   This implements essentially a semismooth Newton method with a
   line search. The default line search does not do any line seach
   but rather takes a full newton step.
*/
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESSolve_VISS"
PetscErrorCode SNESSolve_VISS(SNES snes)
{
  SNES_VISS          *vi = (SNES_VISS*)snes->data;
  PetscErrorCode     ierr;
  PetscInt           maxits,i,lits;
  PetscBool          lssucceed;
  MatStructure       flg = DIFFERENT_NONZERO_PATTERN;
  PetscReal          gnorm,xnorm=0,ynorm;
  Vec                Y,X,F;
  KSPConvergedReason kspreason;
  DM                 dm;
  SNESDM             sdm;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = SNESGetDM(snes,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = DMSNESGetContext(dm,&sdm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  vi->computeuserfunction    = sdm->computefunction;
  sdm->computefunction = SNESVIComputeFunction;

  snes->numFailures            = 0;
  snes->numLinearSolveFailures = 0;
  snes->reason                 = SNES_CONVERGED_ITERATING;

  maxits	= snes->max_its;	/* maximum number of iterations */
  X		= snes->vec_sol;	/* solution vector */
  F		= snes->vec_func;	/* residual vector */
  Y		= snes->work[0];	/* work vectors */

  ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  snes->iter = 0;
  snes->norm = 0.0;
  ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  ierr = SNESVIProjectOntoBounds(snes,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = SNESComputeFunction(snes,X,vi->phi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  if (snes->domainerror) {
    snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
    sdm->computefunction = vi->computeuserfunction;
    PetscFunctionReturn(0);
  }
   /* Compute Merit function */
  ierr = SNESVIComputeMeritFunction(vi->phi,&vi->merit,&vi->phinorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  ierr = VecNormBegin(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);	/* xnorm <- ||x||  */
  ierr = VecNormEnd(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  if (PetscIsInfOrNanReal(vi->merit)) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_FP,"User provided compute function generated a Not-a-Number");

  ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  snes->norm = vi->phinorm;
  ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  SNESLogConvHistory(snes,vi->phinorm,0);
  ierr = SNESMonitor(snes,0,vi->phinorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);

  /* set parameter for default relative tolerance convergence test */
  snes->ttol = vi->phinorm*snes->rtol;
  /* test convergence */
  ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,0,0.0,0.0,vi->phinorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  if (snes->reason) {
    sdm->computefunction = vi->computeuserfunction;
    PetscFunctionReturn(0);
  }

  for (i=0; i<maxits; i++) {

    /* Call general purpose update function */
    if (snes->ops->update) {
      ierr = (*snes->ops->update)(snes, snes->iter);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }

    /* Solve J Y = Phi, where J is the semismooth jacobian */
    /* Get the nonlinear function jacobian */
    ierr = SNESComputeJacobian(snes,X,&snes->jacobian,&snes->jacobian_pre,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    /* Get the diagonal shift and row scaling vectors */
    ierr = SNESVIComputeBsubdifferentialVectors(snes,X,F,snes->jacobian,vi->Da,vi->Db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    /* Compute the semismooth jacobian */
    ierr = SNESVIComputeJacobian(snes->jacobian,snes->jacobian_pre,vi->Da,vi->Db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    /* Compute the merit function gradient */
    ierr = SNESVIComputeMeritFunctionGradient(snes->jacobian,vi->phi,vi->dpsi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = KSPSetOperators(snes->ksp,snes->jacobian,snes->jacobian_pre,flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = SNES_KSPSolve(snes,snes->ksp,vi->phi,Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = KSPGetConvergedReason(snes->ksp,&kspreason);CHKERRQ(ierr);

    if (kspreason < 0) {
      if (++snes->numLinearSolveFailures >= snes->maxLinearSolveFailures) {
        ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, number linear solve failures %D greater than current SNES allowed, stopping solve\n",snes->iter,snes->numLinearSolveFailures);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINEAR_SOLVE;
        break;
      }
    }
    ierr = KSPGetIterationNumber(snes->ksp,&lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    snes->linear_its += lits;
    ierr = PetscInfo2(snes,"iter=%D, linear solve iterations=%D\n",snes->iter,lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    /*
    if (snes->ops->precheckstep) {
      PetscBool changed_y = PETSC_FALSE;
      ierr = (*snes->ops->precheckstep)(snes,X,Y,snes->precheck,&changed_y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }

    if (PetscLogPrintInfo){
      ierr = SNESVICheckResidual_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,F,Y,G,W);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    }
    */
    /* Compute a (scaled) negative update in the line search routine:
         Y <- X - lambda*Y
       and evaluate G = function(Y) (depends on the line search).
    */
    ierr = VecCopy(Y,snes->vec_sol_update);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ynorm = 1; gnorm = vi->phinorm;
    /* ierr = (*snes->ops->linesearch)(snes,snes->lsP,X,vi->phi,Y,vi->phinorm,xnorm,G,W,&ynorm,&gnorm,&lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr); */
    ierr = PetscLineSearchApply(snes->linesearch, X, vi->phi, &gnorm, Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = PetscLineSearchGetNorms(snes->linesearch, &xnorm, &gnorm, &ynorm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = PetscInfo4(snes,"fnorm=%18.16e, gnorm=%18.16e, ynorm=%18.16e, lssucceed=%d\n",(double)vi->phinorm,(double)gnorm,(double)ynorm,(int)lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (snes->reason == SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_COUNT) break;
    if (snes->domainerror) {
      snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_FUNCTION_DOMAIN;
      sdm->computefunction = vi->computeuserfunction;
      PetscFunctionReturn(0);
    }
    ierr = PetscLineSearchGetSuccess(snes->linesearch, &lssucceed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (!lssucceed) {
      if (++snes->numFailures >= snes->maxFailures) {
	PetscBool ismin;
        snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LINE_SEARCH;
        ierr = SNESVICheckLocalMin_Private(snes,snes->jacobian,vi->phi,X,gnorm,&ismin);CHKERRQ(ierr);
        if (ismin) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_LOCAL_MIN;
        break;
      }
    }
    /* Update function and solution vectors */
    vi->phinorm = gnorm;
    vi->merit = 0.5*vi->phinorm*vi->phinorm;
    /* Monitor convergence */
    ierr = PetscObjectTakeAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    snes->iter = i+1;
    snes->norm = vi->phinorm;
    ierr = PetscObjectGrantAccess(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    SNESLogConvHistory(snes,snes->norm,lits);
    ierr = SNESMonitor(snes,snes->iter,snes->norm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    /* Test for convergence, xnorm = || X || */
    if (snes->ops->converged != SNESSkipConverged) { ierr = VecNorm(X,NORM_2,&xnorm);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
    ierr = (*snes->ops->converged)(snes,snes->iter,xnorm,ynorm,vi->phinorm,&snes->reason,snes->cnvP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if (snes->reason) break;
  }
  if (i == maxits) {
    ierr = PetscInfo1(snes,"Maximum number of iterations has been reached: %D\n",maxits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    if(!snes->reason) snes->reason = SNES_DIVERGED_MAX_IT;
  }
  sdm->computefunction = vi->computeuserfunction;
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*
   SNESSetUp_VISS - Sets up the internal data structures for the later use
   of the SNES nonlinear solver.

   Input Parameter:
.  snes - the SNES context
.  x - the solution vector

   Application Interface Routine: SNESSetUp()

   Notes:
   For basic use of the SNES solvers, the user need not explicitly call
   SNESSetUp(), since these actions will automatically occur during
   the call to SNESSolve().
 */
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESSetUp_VISS"
PetscErrorCode SNESSetUp_VISS(SNES snes)
{
  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  SNES_VISS      *vi = (SNES_VISS*) snes->data;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = SNESSetUp_VI(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->dpsi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->phi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->Da);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->Db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDuplicate(snes->vec_sol, &vi->t);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}
/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESReset_VISS"
PetscErrorCode SNESReset_VISS(SNES snes)
{
  SNES_VISS      *vi = (SNES_VISS*) snes->data;
  PetscErrorCode ierr;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = SNESReset_VI(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->dpsi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->phi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->Da);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->Db);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = VecDestroy(&vi->t);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}

/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*
   SNESSetFromOptions_VISS - Sets various parameters for the SNESVI method.

   Input Parameter:
.  snes - the SNES context

   Application Interface Routine: SNESSetFromOptions()
*/
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESSetFromOptions_VISS"
static PetscErrorCode SNESSetFromOptions_VISS(SNES snes)
{
  PetscErrorCode     ierr;
  PetscLineSearch    linesearch;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  ierr = SNESSetFromOptions_VI(snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsHead("SNES semismooth method options");CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscOptionsTail();CHKERRQ(ierr);
  /* set up the default line search */
  if (!snes->linesearch) {
    ierr = SNESGetPetscLineSearch(snes, &linesearch);CHKERRQ(ierr);
    ierr = PetscLineSearchSetType(linesearch, PETSCLINESEARCHBT);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  }

  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}


/* -------------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/*MC
      SNESVISS - Semi-smooth solver for variational inequalities based on Newton's method

   Options Database:
+   -snes_vi_type <ss,rs,rsaug> a semi-smooth solver, a reduced space active set method, and a reduced space active set method that does not eliminate the active constraints from the Jacobian instead augments the Jacobian with additional variables that enforce the constraints
-   -snes_vi_monitor - prints the number of active constraints at each iteration.

   Level: beginner

   References:
   - T. S. Munson, F. Facchinei, M. C. Ferris, A. Fischer, and C. Kanzow. The semismooth
     algorithm for large scale complementarity problems. INFORMS Journal on Computing, 13 (2001).

.seealso:  SNESVISetVariableBounds(), SNESVISetComputeVariableBounds(), SNESCreate(), SNES, SNESSetType(), SNESVIRS, SNESVISS, SNESTR, SNESLineSearchSet(),
           SNESLineSearchSetPostCheck(), SNESLineSearchNo(), SNESLineSearchCubic(), SNESLineSearchQuadratic(),
           SNESLineSearchSet(), SNESLineSearchNoNorms(), SNESLineSearchSetPreCheck(), SNESLineSearchSetParams(), SNESLineSearchGetParams()

M*/
EXTERN_C_BEGIN
#undef __FUNCT__
#define __FUNCT__ "SNESCreate_VISS"
PetscErrorCode  SNESCreate_VISS(SNES snes)
{
  PetscErrorCode ierr;
  SNES_VISS      *vi;

  PetscFunctionBegin;
  snes->ops->reset           = SNESReset_VISS;
  snes->ops->setup           = SNESSetUp_VISS;
  snes->ops->solve           = SNESSolve_VISS;
  snes->ops->destroy         = SNESDestroy_VI;
  snes->ops->setfromoptions  = SNESSetFromOptions_VISS;
  snes->ops->view            = PETSC_NULL;

  snes->usesksp             = PETSC_TRUE;
  snes->usespc              = PETSC_FALSE;

  ierr                       = PetscNewLog(snes,SNES_VISS,&vi);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  snes->data                 = (void*)vi;
  snes->ls_alpha             = 1.e-4;
  snes->maxstep              = 1.e8;
  snes->steptol              = 1.e-12;

  ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)snes,"SNESVISetVariableBounds_C","SNESVISetVariableBounds_VI",SNESVISetVariableBounds_VI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)snes,"SNESVISetComputeVariableBounds_C","SNESVISetComputeVariableBounds_VI",SNESVISetComputeVariableBounds_VI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
  PetscFunctionReturn(0);
}
EXTERN_C_END