xref: /petsc/src/ts/impls/arkimex/arkimex.c (revision ab9787331edfb463c99a5f84bca2105bf3fe497f)
1 /*
2   Code for timestepping with additive Runge-Kutta IMEX method
3 
4   Notes:
5   The general system is written as
6 
7   F(t,U,Udot) = G(t,U)
8 
9   where F represents the stiff part of the physics and G represents the non-stiff part.
10 
11 */
12 #include <petsc-private/tsimpl.h>                /*I   "petscts.h"   I*/
13 
14 static TSARKIMEXType TSARKIMEXDefault = TSARKIMEX3;
15 static PetscBool TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled;
16 static PetscBool TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized;
17 
18 typedef struct _ARKTableau *ARKTableau;
19 struct _ARKTableau {
20   char      *name;
21   PetscInt  order;               /* Classical approximation order of the method */
22   PetscInt  s;                   /* Number of stages */
23   PetscInt  pinterp;             /* Interpolation order */
24   PetscReal *At,*bt,*ct;        /* Stiff tableau */
25   PetscReal *A,*b,*c;           /* Non-stiff tableau */
26   PetscReal *bembedt,*bembed;   /* Embedded formula of order one less (order-1) */
27   PetscReal *binterpt,*binterp; /* Dense output formula */
28   PetscReal ccfl;               /* Placeholder for CFL coefficient relative to forward Euler */
29 };
30 typedef struct _ARKTableauLink *ARKTableauLink;
31 struct _ARKTableauLink {
32   struct _ARKTableau tab;
33   ARKTableauLink next;
34 };
35 static ARKTableauLink ARKTableauList;
36 
37 typedef struct {
38   ARKTableau   tableau;
39   Vec          *Y;               /* States computed during the step */
40   Vec          *YdotI;           /* Time derivatives for the stiff part */
41   Vec          *YdotRHS;         /* Function evaluations for the non-stiff part */
42   Vec          Ydot;             /* Work vector holding Ydot during residual evaluation */
43   Vec          Work;             /* Generic work vector */
44   Vec          Z;                /* Ydot = shift(Y-Z) */
45   PetscScalar  *work;            /* Scalar work */
46   PetscReal    shift;
47   PetscReal    stage_time;
48   PetscBool    imex;
49   TSStepStatus status;
50 } TS_ARKIMEX;
51 /*MC
52      TSARKIMEXARS122 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme.
53 
54      This method has one explicit stage and one implicit stage.
55 
56      References:
57      U. Ascher, S. Ruuth, R. J. Spitheri, Implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for time dependent Partial Differential Equations. Appl. Numer. Math. 25, (1997), pp. 151–167.
58 
59      Level: advanced
60 
61 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
62 M*/
63 /*MC
64      TSARKIMEXA2 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with A-stable implicit part.
65 
66      This method has an explicit stage and one implicit stage, and has an A-stable implicit scheme. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
67 
68      Level: advanced
69 
70 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
71 M*/
72 /*MC
73      TSARKIMEXL2 - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
74 
75      This method has two implicit stages, and L-stable implicit scheme.
76 
77     References:
78      L. Pareschi, G. Russo, Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta schemes and applications to hyperbolic systems with relaxations. Journal of Scientific Computing Volume: 25, Issue: 1, October, 2005, pp. 129-155
79 
80      Level: advanced
81 
82 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
83 M*/
84 /*MC
85      TSARKIMEX2C - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
86 
87      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. The implicit part is the same as in TSARKIMEX2D and TSARKIMEX2E, but the explicit part has a larger stability region on the negative real axis. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
88 
89      Level: advanced
90 
91 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
92 M*/
93 /*MC
94      TSARKIMEX2D - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
95 
96      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. This method was provided by Emil Constantinescu.
97 
98      Level: advanced
99 
100 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
101 M*/
102 /*MC
103      TSARKIMEX2E - Second order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
104 
105      This method has one explicit stage and two implicit stages. It is is an optimal method developed by Emil Constantinescu.
106 
107      Level: advanced
108 
109 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
110 M*/
111 /*MC
112      TSARKIMEXPRSSP2 - Second order SSP ARK IMEX scheme.
113 
114      This method has three implicit stages.
115 
116      References:
117      L. Pareschi, G. Russo, Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta schemes and applications to hyperbolic systems with relaxations. Journal of Scientific Computing Volume: 25, Issue: 1, October, 2005, pp. 129-155
118 
119      This method is referred to as SSP2-(3,3,2) in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
120 
121      Level: advanced
122 
123 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
124 M*/
125 /*MC
126      TSARKIMEX3 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
127 
128      This method has one explicit stage and three implicit stages.
129 
130      References:
131      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
132 
133      Level: advanced
134 
135 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
136 M*/
137 /*MC
138      TSARKIMEXARS443 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme.
139 
140      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
141 
142      References:
143      U. Ascher, S. Ruuth, R. J. Spitheri, Implicit-explicit Runge-Kutta methods for time dependent Partial Differential Equations. Appl. Numer. Math. 25, (1997), pp. 151–167.
144 
145      This method is referred to as ARS(4,4,3) in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
146 
147      Level: advanced
148 
149 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
150 M*/
151 /*MC
152      TSARKIMEXBPR3 - Third order ARK IMEX scheme.
153 
154      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
155 
156      References:
157      This method is referred to as ARK3 in http://arxiv.org/abs/1110.4375
158 
159      Level: advanced
160 
161 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
162 M*/
163 /*MC
164      TSARKIMEX4 - Fourth order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
165 
166      This method has one explicit stage and four implicit stages.
167 
168      References:
169      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
170 
171      Level: advanced
172 
173 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
174 M*/
175 /*MC
176      TSARKIMEX5 - Fifth order ARK IMEX scheme with L-stable implicit part.
177 
178      This method has one explicit stage and five implicit stages.
179 
180      References:
181      Kennedy and Carpenter 2003.
182 
183      Level: advanced
184 
185 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
186 M*/
187 
188 #undef __FUNCT__
189 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegisterAll"
190 /*@C
191   TSARKIMEXRegisterAll - Registers all of the additive Runge-Kutta implicit-explicit methods in TSARKIMEX
192 
193   Not Collective, but should be called by all processes which will need the schemes to be registered
194 
195   Level: advanced
196 
197 .keywords: TS, TSARKIMEX, register, all
198 
199 .seealso:  TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy()
200 @*/
201 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegisterAll(void)
202 {
203   PetscErrorCode ierr;
204 
205   PetscFunctionBegin;
206   if (TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
207   TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled = PETSC_TRUE;
208   {
209     const PetscReal
210       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
211                  {0.5,0.0}},
212       At[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
213                   {0.0,0.5}},
214         b[2] = {0.0,1.0},
215           bembedt[2] = {0.5,0.5};
216           /* binterpt[2][2] = {{1.0,-1.0},{0.0,1.0}};  second order dense output has poor stability properties and hence it is not currently in use*/
217           ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXARS122,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,1,b,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
218   }
219   {
220     const PetscReal
221       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
222                  {1.0,0.0}},
223       At[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
224                   {0.5,0.5}},
225         b[2] = {0.5,0.5},
226           bembedt[2] = {0.0,1.0};
227           /* binterpt[2][2] = {{1.0,-0.5},{0.0,0.5}}  second order dense output has poor stability properties and hence it is not currently in use*/
228           ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXA2,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,1,b,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
229   }
230   {
231     const PetscReal us2 = 1.0-1.0/PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0);
232     const PetscReal
233       A[2][2] = {{0.0,0.0},
234                  {1.0,0.0}},
235       At[2][2] = {{us2,0.0},
236                   {1.0-2.0*us2,us2}},
237         b[2] = {0.5,0.5},
238           bembedt[2] = {0.0,1.0},
239             binterpt[2][2] = {{(us2-1.0)/(2.0*us2-1.0),-1/(2.0*(1.0-2.0*us2))},{1-(us2-1.0)/(2.0*us2-1.0),-1/(2.0*(1.0-2.0*us2))}},
240               binterp[2][2] = {{1.0,-0.5},{0.0,0.5}};
241               ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXL2,2,2,&At[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],b,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],binterp[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
242   }
243   {
244     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
245       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
246                  {2-s2,0,0},
247                  {0.55,0.45,0}},
248       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
249                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
250                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
251         bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
252         binterpt[3][2] = {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
253     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2C,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
254   }
255   {
256     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
257       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
258                  {2-s2,0,0},
259                  {0.75,0.25,0}},
260       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
261                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
262                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
263       bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
264       binterpt[3][2] =  {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
265       ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2D,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
266   }
267   {                             /* Optimal for linear implicit part */
268     const PetscReal s2 = PetscSqrtReal((PetscReal)2.0),
269       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
270                  {2-s2,0,0},
271                  {(3-2*s2)/6,(3+2*s2)/6,0}},
272       At[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
273                   {1-1/s2,1-1/s2,0},
274                   {1/(2*s2),1/(2*s2),1-1/s2}},
275       bembedt[3] = {(4.-s2)/8.,(4.-s2)/8.,1/(2.*s2)},
276       binterpt[3][2] =  {{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0/s2,-1.0/(2.0*s2)},{1.0-s2,1.0/s2}};
277     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX2E,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
278   }
279   {                             /* Optimal for linear implicit part */
280     const PetscReal
281       A[3][3] = {{0,0,0},
282                  {0.5,0,0},
283                  {0.5,0.5,0}},
284       At[3][3] = {{0.25,0,0},
285                   {0,0.25,0},
286                   {1./3,1./3,1./3}};
287     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXPRSSP2,2,3,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
288   }
289   {
290     const PetscReal
291       A[4][4] = {{0,0,0,0},
292                  {1767732205903./2027836641118.,0,0,0},
293                  {5535828885825./10492691773637.,788022342437./10882634858940.,0,0},
294                  {6485989280629./16251701735622.,-4246266847089./9704473918619.,10755448449292./10357097424841.,0}},
295       At[4][4] = {{0,0,0,0},
296                   {1767732205903./4055673282236.,1767732205903./4055673282236.,0,0},
297                   {2746238789719./10658868560708.,-640167445237./6845629431997.,1767732205903./4055673282236.,0},
298                   {1471266399579./7840856788654.,-4482444167858./7529755066697.,11266239266428./11593286722821.,1767732205903./4055673282236.}},
299       bembedt[4] = {2756255671327./12835298489170.,-10771552573575./22201958757719.,9247589265047./10645013368117.,2193209047091./5459859503100.},
300       binterpt[4][2] = {{4655552711362./22874653954995., -215264564351./13552729205753.},
301                         {-18682724506714./9892148508045.,17870216137069./13817060693119.},
302                         {34259539580243./13192909600954.,-28141676662227./17317692491321.},
303                         {584795268549./6622622206610.,   2508943948391./7218656332882.}};
304     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX3,3,4,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,2,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
305   }
306   {
307     const PetscReal
308       A[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
309                  {1./2,0,0,0,0},
310                  {11./18,1./18,0,0,0},
311                  {5./6,-5./6,.5,0,0},
312                  {1./4,7./4,3./4,-7./4,0}},
313       At[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
314                   {0,1./2,0,0,0},
315                   {0,1./6,1./2,0,0},
316                   {0,-1./2,1./2,1./2,0},
317                   {0,3./2,-3./2,1./2,1./2}},
318       *bembedt = PETSC_NULL;
319       ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXARS443,3,5,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
320   }
321   {
322     const PetscReal
323       A[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
324                  {1,0,0,0,0},
325                  {4./9,2./9,0,0,0},
326                  {1./4,0,3./4,0,0},
327                  {1./4,0,3./5,0,0}},
328       At[5][5] = {{0,0,0,0,0},
329                   {.5,.5,0,0,0},
330                   {5./18,-1./9,.5,0,0},
331                   {.5,0,0,.5,0},
332                   {.25,0,.75,-.5,.5}},
333       *bembedt = PETSC_NULL;
334     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXBPR3,3,5,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,0,PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
335   }
336   {
337     const PetscReal
338       A[6][6] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0},
339                  {1./2,0,0,0,0,0},
340                  {13861./62500.,6889./62500.,0,0,0,0},
341                  {-116923316275./2393684061468.,-2731218467317./15368042101831.,9408046702089./11113171139209.,0,0,0},
342                  {-451086348788./2902428689909.,-2682348792572./7519795681897.,12662868775082./11960479115383.,3355817975965./11060851509271.,0,0},
343                  {647845179188./3216320057751.,73281519250./8382639484533.,552539513391./3454668386233.,3354512671639./8306763924573.,4040./17871.,0}},
344       At[6][6] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0},
345                   {1./4,1./4,0,0,0,0},
346                   {8611./62500.,-1743./31250.,1./4,0,0,0},
347                   {5012029./34652500.,-654441./2922500.,174375./388108.,1./4,0,0},
348                   {15267082809./155376265600.,-71443401./120774400.,730878875./902184768.,2285395./8070912.,1./4,0},
349                   {82889./524892.,0,15625./83664.,69875./102672.,-2260./8211,1./4}},
350       bembedt[6] = {4586570599./29645900160.,0,178811875./945068544.,814220225./1159782912.,-3700637./11593932.,61727./225920.},
351       binterpt[6][3] = {{6943876665148./7220017795957.,-54480133./30881146.,6818779379841./7100303317025.},
352                         {0,0,0},
353                         {7640104374378./9702883013639.,-11436875./14766696.,2173542590792./12501825683035.},
354                         {-20649996744609./7521556579894.,174696575./18121608.,-31592104683404./5083833661969.},
355                         {8854892464581./2390941311638.,-12120380./966161.,61146701046299./7138195549469.},
356                         {-11397109935349./6675773540249.,3843./706.,-17219254887155./4939391667607.}};
357     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX4,4,6,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,3,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
358   }
359   {
360     const PetscReal
361       A[8][8] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
362                  {41./100,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
363                  {367902744464./2072280473677.,677623207551./8224143866563.,0,0,0,0,0,0},
364                  {1268023523408./10340822734521.,0,1029933939417./13636558850479.,0,0,0,0,0},
365                  {14463281900351./6315353703477.,0,66114435211212./5879490589093.,-54053170152839./4284798021562.,0,0,0,0},
366                  {14090043504691./34967701212078.,0,15191511035443./11219624916014.,-18461159152457./12425892160975.,-281667163811./9011619295870.,0,0,0},
367                  {19230459214898./13134317526959.,0,21275331358303./2942455364971.,-38145345988419./4862620318723.,-1./8,-1./8,0,0},
368                  {-19977161125411./11928030595625.,0,-40795976796054./6384907823539.,177454434618887./12078138498510.,782672205425./8267701900261.,-69563011059811./9646580694205.,7356628210526./4942186776405.,0}},
369       At[8][8] = {{0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0},
370                   {41./200.,41./200.,0,0,0,0,0,0},
371                   {41./400.,-567603406766./11931857230679.,41./200.,0,0,0,0,0},
372                   {683785636431./9252920307686.,0,-110385047103./1367015193373.,41./200.,0,0,0,0},
373                   {3016520224154./10081342136671.,0,30586259806659./12414158314087.,-22760509404356./11113319521817.,41./200.,0,0,0},
374                   {218866479029./1489978393911.,0,638256894668./5436446318841.,-1179710474555./5321154724896.,-60928119172./8023461067671.,41./200.,0,0},
375                   {1020004230633./5715676835656.,0,25762820946817./25263940353407.,-2161375909145./9755907335909.,-211217309593./5846859502534.,-4269925059573./7827059040749.,41./200,0},
376                   {-872700587467./9133579230613.,0,0,22348218063261./9555858737531.,-1143369518992./8141816002931.,-39379526789629./19018526304540.,32727382324388./42900044865799.,41./200.}},
377       bembedt[8] = {-975461918565./9796059967033.,0,0,78070527104295./32432590147079.,-548382580838./3424219808633.,-33438840321285./15594753105479.,3629800801594./4656183773603.,4035322873751./18575991585200.},
378       binterpt[8][3] = {{-17674230611817./10670229744614. ,  43486358583215./12773830924787. , -9257016797708./5021505065439.},
379                         {0                               ,  0                              , 0                            },
380                         {0                               ,  0                              , 0                            },
381                         {65168852399939./7868540260826.  ,  -91478233927265./11067650958493., 26096422576131./11239449250142.},
382                         {15494834004392./5936557850923.  ,  -79368583304911./10890268929626., 92396832856987./20362823103730.},
383                         {-99329723586156./26959484932159.,  -12239297817655./9152339842473. , 30029262896817./10175596800299.},
384                         {-19024464361622./5461577185407. ,  115839755401235./10719374521269., -26136350496073./3983972220547.},
385                         {-6511271360970./6095937251113.  ,  5843115559534./2180450260947.   , -5289405421727./3760307252460. }};
386     ierr = TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEX5,5,8,&At[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,&A[0][0],PETSC_NULL,PETSC_NULL,bembedt,bembedt,3,binterpt[0],PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
387   }
388 
389   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
390 }
391 
392 #undef __FUNCT__
393 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy"
394 /*@C
395    TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy - Frees the list of schemes that were registered by TSARKIMEXRegister().
396 
397    Not Collective
398 
399    Level: advanced
400 
401 .keywords: TSARKIMEX, register, destroy
402 .seealso: TSARKIMEXRegister(), TSARKIMEXRegisterAll(), TSARKIMEXRegisterDynamic()
403 @*/
404 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy(void)
405 {
406   PetscErrorCode ierr;
407   ARKTableauLink link;
408 
409   PetscFunctionBegin;
410   while ((link = ARKTableauList)) {
411     ARKTableau t = &link->tab;
412     ARKTableauList = link->next;
413     ierr = PetscFree6(t->At,t->bt,t->ct,t->A,t->b,t->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
414     ierr = PetscFree2(t->bembedt,t->bembed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
415     ierr = PetscFree2(t->binterpt,t->binterp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
416     ierr = PetscFree(t->name);CHKERRQ(ierr);
417     ierr = PetscFree(link);CHKERRQ(ierr);
418   }
419   TSARKIMEXRegisterAllCalled = PETSC_FALSE;
420   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
421 }
422 
423 #undef __FUNCT__
424 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXInitializePackage"
425 /*@C
426   TSARKIMEXInitializePackage - This function initializes everything in the TSARKIMEX package. It is called
427   from PetscDLLibraryRegister() when using dynamic libraries, and on the first call to TSCreate_ARKIMEX()
428   when using static libraries.
429 
430   Input Parameter:
431   path - The dynamic library path, or PETSC_NULL
432 
433   Level: developer
434 
435 .keywords: TS, TSARKIMEX, initialize, package
436 .seealso: PetscInitialize()
437 @*/
438 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXInitializePackage(const char path[])
439 {
440   PetscErrorCode ierr;
441 
442   PetscFunctionBegin;
443   if (TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
444   TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized = PETSC_TRUE;
445   ierr = TSARKIMEXRegisterAll();CHKERRQ(ierr);
446   ierr = PetscRegisterFinalize(TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage);CHKERRQ(ierr);
447   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
448 }
449 
450 #undef __FUNCT__
451 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage"
452 /*@C
453   TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage - This function destroys everything in the TSARKIMEX package. It is
454   called from PetscFinalize().
455 
456   Level: developer
457 
458 .keywords: Petsc, destroy, package
459 .seealso: PetscFinalize()
460 @*/
461 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXFinalizePackage(void)
462 {
463   PetscErrorCode ierr;
464 
465   PetscFunctionBegin;
466   TSARKIMEXPackageInitialized = PETSC_FALSE;
467   ierr = TSARKIMEXRegisterDestroy();CHKERRQ(ierr);
468   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
469 }
470 
471 #undef __FUNCT__
472 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRegister"
473 /*@C
474    TSARKIMEXRegister - register an ARK IMEX scheme by providing the entries in the Butcher tableau and optionally embedded approximations and interpolation
475 
476    Not Collective, but the same schemes should be registered on all processes on which they will be used
477 
478    Input Parameters:
479 +  name - identifier for method
480 .  order - approximation order of method
481 .  s - number of stages, this is the dimension of the matrices below
482 .  At - Butcher table of stage coefficients for stiff part (dimension s*s, row-major)
483 .  bt - Butcher table for completing the stiff part of the step (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use the last row of At)
484 .  ct - Abscissa of each stiff stage (dimension s, PETSC_NULL to use row sums of At)
485 .  A - Non-stiff stage coefficients (dimension s*s, row-major)
486 .  b - Non-stiff step completion table (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use last row of At)
487 .  c - Non-stiff abscissa (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use row sums of A)
488 .  bembedt - Stiff part of completion table for embedded method (dimension s; PETSC_NULL if not available)
489 .  bembed - Non-stiff part of completion table for embedded method (dimension s; PETSC_NULL to use bembedt if provided)
490 .  pinterp - Order of the interpolation scheme, equal to the number of columns of binterpt and binterp
491 .  binterpt - Coefficients of the interpolation formula for the stiff part (dimension s*pinterp)
492 -  binterp - Coefficients of the interpolation formula for the non-stiff part (dimension s*pinterp; PETSC_NULL to reuse binterpt)
493 
494    Notes:
495    Several ARK IMEX methods are provided, this function is only needed to create new methods.
496 
497    Level: advanced
498 
499 .keywords: TS, register
500 
501 .seealso: TSARKIMEX
502 @*/
503 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRegister(TSARKIMEXType name,PetscInt order,PetscInt s,
504                                  const PetscReal At[],const PetscReal bt[],const PetscReal ct[],
505                                  const PetscReal A[],const PetscReal b[],const PetscReal c[],
506                                  const PetscReal bembedt[],const PetscReal bembed[],
507                                  PetscInt pinterp,const PetscReal binterpt[],const PetscReal binterp[])
508 {
509   PetscErrorCode ierr;
510   ARKTableauLink link;
511   ARKTableau     t;
512   PetscInt       i,j;
513 
514   PetscFunctionBegin;
515   ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(*link),&link);CHKERRQ(ierr);
516   ierr = PetscMemzero(link,sizeof(*link));CHKERRQ(ierr);
517   t = &link->tab;
518   ierr = PetscStrallocpy(name,&t->name);CHKERRQ(ierr);
519   t->order = order;
520   t->s = s;
521   ierr = PetscMalloc6(s*s,PetscReal,&t->At,s,PetscReal,&t->bt,s,PetscReal,&t->ct,s*s,PetscReal,&t->A,s,PetscReal,&t->b,s,PetscReal,&t->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
522   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->At,At,s*s*sizeof(At[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
523   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->A,A,s*s*sizeof(A[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
524   if (bt) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bt,bt,s*sizeof(bt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
525   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) t->bt[i] = At[(s-1)*s+i];
526   if (b) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->b,b,s*sizeof(b[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
527   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) t->b[i] = At[(s-1)*s+i];
528   if (ct) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->ct,ct,s*sizeof(ct[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
529   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) for (j=0,t->ct[i]=0; j<s; j++) t->ct[i] += At[i*s+j];
530   if (c) {ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->c,c,s*sizeof(c[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);}
531   else for (i=0; i<s; i++) for (j=0,t->c[i]=0; j<s; j++) t->c[i] += A[i*s+j];
532   if (bembedt) {
533     ierr = PetscMalloc2(s,PetscReal,&t->bembedt,s,PetscReal,&t->bembed);CHKERRQ(ierr);
534     ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bembedt,bembedt,s*sizeof(bembedt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
535     ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->bembed,bembed?bembed:bembedt,s*sizeof(bembed[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
536   }
537 
538   t->pinterp = pinterp;
539   ierr = PetscMalloc2(s*pinterp,PetscReal,&t->binterpt,s*pinterp,PetscReal,&t->binterp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
540   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->binterpt,binterpt,s*pinterp*sizeof(binterpt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
541   ierr = PetscMemcpy(t->binterp,binterp?binterp:binterpt,s*pinterp*sizeof(binterpt[0]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
542   link->next = ARKTableauList;
543   ARKTableauList = link;
544   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
545 }
546 
547 #undef __FUNCT__
548 #define __FUNCT__ "TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX"
549 /*
550  The step completion formula is
551 
552  x1 = x0 - h bt^T YdotI + h b^T YdotRHS
553 
554  This function can be called before or after ts->vec_sol has been updated.
555  Suppose we have a completion formula (bt,b) and an embedded formula (bet,be) of different order.
556  We can write
557 
558  x1e = x0 - h bet^T YdotI + h be^T YdotRHS
559      = x1 + h bt^T YdotI - h b^T YdotRHS - h bet^T YdotI + h be^T YdotRHS
560      = x1 - h (bet - bt)^T YdotI + h (be - b)^T YdotRHS
561 
562  so we can evaluate the method with different order even after the step has been optimistically completed.
563 */
564 static PetscErrorCode TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscInt order,Vec X,PetscBool *done)
565 {
566   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
567   ARKTableau     tab  = ark->tableau;
568   PetscScalar    *w = ark->work;
569   PetscReal      h;
570   PetscInt       s = tab->s,j;
571   PetscErrorCode ierr;
572 
573   PetscFunctionBegin;
574   switch (ark->status) {
575   case TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE:
576   case TS_STEP_PENDING:
577     h = ts->time_step; break;
578   case TS_STEP_COMPLETE:
579     h = ts->time_step_prev; break;
580   default: SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_PLIB,"Invalid TSStepStatus");
581   }
582   if (order == tab->order) {
583     if (ark->status == TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE) { /* Use the standard completion formula (bt,b) */
584       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
585       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*tab->bt[j];
586       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
587       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*tab->b[j];
588       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
589     } else {ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
590     if (done) *done = PETSC_TRUE;
591     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
592   } else if (order == tab->order-1) {
593     if (!tab->bembedt) goto unavailable;
594     if (ark->status == TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE) { /* Complete with the embedded method (bet,be) */
595       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
596       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*tab->bembedt[j];
597       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
598       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*tab->bembed[j];
599       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
600     } else {                    /* Rollback and re-complete using (bet-be,be-b) */
601       ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
602       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*(tab->bembedt[j] - tab->bt[j]);
603       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,tab->s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
604       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*(tab->bembed[j] - tab->b[j]);
605       ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
606     }
607     if (done) *done = PETSC_TRUE;
608     PetscFunctionReturn(0);
609   }
610   unavailable:
611   if (done) *done = PETSC_FALSE;
612   else SETERRQ3(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"ARKIMEX '%s' of order %D cannot evaluate step at order %D",tab->name,tab->order,order);
613   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
614 }
615 
616 #undef __FUNCT__
617 #define __FUNCT__ "TSStep_ARKIMEX"
618 static PetscErrorCode TSStep_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
619 {
620   TS_ARKIMEX          *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
621   ARKTableau          tab  = ark->tableau;
622   const PetscInt      s    = tab->s;
623   const PetscReal     *At  = tab->At,*A = tab->A,*bt = tab->bt,*b = tab->b,*ct = tab->ct,*c = tab->c;
624   PetscScalar         *w   = ark->work;
625   Vec                 *Y   = ark->Y,*YdotI = ark->YdotI,*YdotRHS = ark->YdotRHS,Ydot = ark->Ydot,W = ark->Work,Z = ark->Z;
626   TSAdapt             adapt;
627   SNES                snes;
628   PetscInt            i,j,its,lits,reject,next_scheme;
629   PetscReal           next_time_step;
630   PetscReal           t;
631   PetscBool           accept;
632   PetscErrorCode      ierr;
633 
634   PetscFunctionBegin;
635   ierr = TSGetSNES(ts,&snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
636   next_time_step = ts->time_step;
637   t = ts->ptime;
638   accept = PETSC_TRUE;
639   ark->status = TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE;
640 
641   for (reject=0; reject<ts->max_reject && !ts->reason; reject++,ts->reject++) {
642     PetscReal h = ts->time_step;
643     ierr = TSPreStep(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
644     for (i=0; i<s; i++) {
645       if (At[i*s+i] == 0) {           /* This stage is explicit */
646         ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
647         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = -h*At[i*s+j];
648         ierr = VecMAXPY(Y[i],i,w,YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
649         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = h*A[i*s+j];
650         ierr = VecMAXPY(Y[i],i,w,YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
651       } else {
652         ark->stage_time = t + h*ct[i];
653         ark->shift = 1./(h*At[i*s+i]);
654         ierr = TSPreStage(ts,ark->stage_time);CHKERRQ(ierr);
655         /* Affine part */
656         ierr = VecZeroEntries(W);CHKERRQ(ierr);
657         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = h*A[i*s+j];
658         ierr = VecMAXPY(W,i,w,YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
659         ierr = VecScale(W, ark->shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
660 
661         /* Ydot = shift*(Y-Z) */
662         ierr = VecCopy(ts->vec_sol,Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
663         for (j=0; j<i; j++) w[j] = -h*At[i*s+j];
664         ierr = VecMAXPY(Z,i,w,YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
665 
666         /* Initial guess taken from last stage */
667         ierr = VecCopy(i>0?Y[i-1]:ts->vec_sol,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
668         ierr = SNESSolve(snes,W,Y[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
669         ierr = SNESGetIterationNumber(snes,&its);CHKERRQ(ierr);
670         ierr = SNESGetLinearSolveIterations(snes,&lits);CHKERRQ(ierr);
671         ts->snes_its += its; ts->ksp_its += lits;
672         ierr = TSGetAdapt(ts,&adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
673         ierr = TSAdaptCheckStage(adapt,ts,&accept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
674         if (!accept) goto reject_step;
675       }
676       ierr = VecZeroEntries(Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
677       ierr = TSComputeIFunction(ts,t+h*ct[i],Y[i],Ydot,YdotI[i],ark->imex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
678       if (ark->imex) {
679         ierr = TSComputeRHSFunction(ts,t+h*c[i],Y[i],YdotRHS[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
680       } else {
681         ierr = VecZeroEntries(YdotRHS[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
682       }
683     }
684     ierr = TSEvaluateStep(ts,tab->order,ts->vec_sol,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
685     ark->status = TS_STEP_PENDING;
686 
687     /* Register only the current method as a candidate because we're not supporting multiple candidates yet. */
688     ierr = TSGetAdapt(ts,&adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
689     ierr = TSAdaptCandidatesClear(adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
690     ierr = TSAdaptCandidateAdd(adapt,tab->name,tab->order,1,tab->ccfl,1.*tab->s,PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
691     ierr = TSAdaptChoose(adapt,ts,ts->time_step,&next_scheme,&next_time_step,&accept);CHKERRQ(ierr);
692     if (accept) {
693       /* ignore next_scheme for now */
694       ts->ptime += ts->time_step;
695       ts->time_step = next_time_step;
696       ts->steps++;
697       ark->status = TS_STEP_COMPLETE;
698       break;
699     } else {                    /* Roll back the current step */
700       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = h*bt[j];
701       ierr = VecMAXPY(ts->vec_sol,s,w,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
702       for (j=0; j<s; j++) w[j] = -h*b[j];
703       ierr = VecMAXPY(ts->vec_sol,s,w,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
704       ts->time_step = next_time_step;
705       ark->status = TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE;
706     }
707     reject_step: continue;
708   }
709   if (ark->status != TS_STEP_COMPLETE && !ts->reason) ts->reason = TS_DIVERGED_STEP_REJECTED;
710   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
711 }
712 
713 #undef __FUNCT__
714 #define __FUNCT__ "TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX"
715 static PetscErrorCode TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscReal itime,Vec X)
716 {
717   TS_ARKIMEX      *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
718   PetscInt        s = ark->tableau->s,pinterp = ark->tableau->pinterp,i,j;
719   PetscReal       h;
720   PetscReal       tt,t;
721   PetscScalar     *bt,*b;
722   const PetscReal *Bt = ark->tableau->binterpt,*B = ark->tableau->binterp;
723   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
724 
725   PetscFunctionBegin;
726   if (!Bt || !B) SETERRQ1(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"TSARKIMEX %s does not have an interpolation formula",ark->tableau->name);
727   switch (ark->status) {
728   case TS_STEP_INCOMPLETE:
729   case TS_STEP_PENDING:
730     h = ts->time_step;
731     t = (itime - ts->ptime)/h;
732     break;
733   case TS_STEP_COMPLETE:
734     h = ts->time_step_prev;
735     t = (itime - ts->ptime)/h + 1; /* In the interval [0,1] */
736     break;
737   default: SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_PLIB,"Invalid TSStepStatus");
738   }
739   ierr = PetscMalloc2(s,PetscScalar,&bt,s,PetscScalar,&b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
740   for (i=0; i<s; i++) bt[i] = b[i] = 0;
741   for (j=0,tt=t; j<pinterp; j++,tt*=t) {
742     for (i=0; i<s; i++) {
743       bt[i] += h * Bt[i*pinterp+j] * tt * -1.0;
744       b[i]  += h * B[i*pinterp+j] * tt;
745     }
746   }
747   if (ark->tableau->At[0*s+0] != 0.0) SETERRQ(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_SUP,"First stage not explicit so starting stage not saved");
748   ierr = VecCopy(ark->Y[0],X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
749   ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,bt,ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
750   ierr = VecMAXPY(X,s,b,ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
751   ierr = PetscFree2(bt,b);CHKERRQ(ierr);
752   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
753 }
754 
755 /*------------------------------------------------------------*/
756 #undef __FUNCT__
757 #define __FUNCT__ "TSReset_ARKIMEX"
758 static PetscErrorCode TSReset_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
759 {
760   TS_ARKIMEX      *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
761   PetscInt        s;
762   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
763 
764   PetscFunctionBegin;
765   if (!ark->tableau) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
766   s = ark->tableau->s;
767   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
768   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
769   ierr = VecDestroyVecs(s,&ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
770   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
771   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
772   ierr = VecDestroy(&ark->Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
773   ierr = PetscFree(ark->work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
774   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
775 }
776 
777 #undef __FUNCT__
778 #define __FUNCT__ "TSDestroy_ARKIMEX"
779 static PetscErrorCode TSDestroy_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
780 {
781   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
782 
783   PetscFunctionBegin;
784   ierr = TSReset_ARKIMEX(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
785   ierr = PetscFree(ts->data);CHKERRQ(ierr);
786   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
787   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
788   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C","",PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
789   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
790 }
791 
792 
793 #undef __FUNCT__
794 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXGetVecs"
795 static PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXGetVecs(TS ts,DM dm,Vec *Z,Vec *Ydot)
796 {
797   TS_ARKIMEX     *ax = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
798   PetscErrorCode ierr;
799 
800   PetscFunctionBegin;
801   if (Z) {
802     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) {
803       ierr = DMGetNamedGlobalVector(dm,"TSARKIMEX_Z",Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
804     } else *Z = ax->Z;
805   }
806   if (Ydot) {
807     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) {
808       ierr = DMGetNamedGlobalVector(dm,"TSARKIMEX_Ydot",Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
809     } else *Ydot = ax->Ydot;
810   }
811   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
812 }
813 
814 
815 #undef __FUNCT__
816 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs"
817 static PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(TS ts,DM dm,Vec *Z,Vec *Ydot)
818 {
819   PetscErrorCode ierr;
820 
821   PetscFunctionBegin;
822   if (Z) {
823     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) {
824       ierr = DMRestoreNamedGlobalVector(dm,"TSARKIMEX_Z",Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
825     }
826   }
827   if (Ydot) {
828     if (dm && dm != ts->dm) {
829       ierr = DMRestoreNamedGlobalVector(dm,"TSARKIMEX_Ydot",Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
830     }
831   }
832   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
833 }
834 
835 /*
836   This defines the nonlinear equation that is to be solved with SNES
837   G(U) = F[t0+Theta*dt, U, (U-U0)*shift] = 0
838 */
839 #undef __FUNCT__
840 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX"
841 static PetscErrorCode SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX(SNES snes,Vec X,Vec F,TS ts)
842 {
843   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
844   DM             dm,dmsave;
845   Vec            Z,Ydot;
846   PetscErrorCode ierr;
847 
848   PetscFunctionBegin;
849   ierr = SNESGetDM(snes,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
850   ierr = TSARKIMEXGetVecs(ts,dm,&Z,&Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
851   ierr = VecAXPBYPCZ(Ydot,-ark->shift,ark->shift,0,Z,X);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* Ydot = shift*(X-Z) */
852   dmsave = ts->dm;
853   ts->dm = dm;
854   ierr = TSComputeIFunction(ts,ark->stage_time,X,Ydot,F,ark->imex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
855   ts->dm = dmsave;
856   ierr = TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(ts,dm,&Z,&Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
857   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
858 }
859 
860 #undef __FUNCT__
861 #define __FUNCT__ "SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX"
862 static PetscErrorCode SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX(SNES snes,Vec X,Mat *A,Mat *B,MatStructure *str,TS ts)
863 {
864   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
865   DM             dm,dmsave;
866   Vec            Ydot;
867   PetscErrorCode ierr;
868 
869   PetscFunctionBegin;
870   ierr = SNESGetDM(snes,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
871   ierr = TSARKIMEXGetVecs(ts,dm,PETSC_NULL,&Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
872   /* ark->Ydot has already been computed in SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX (SNES guarantees this) */
873   dmsave = ts->dm;
874   ts->dm = dm;
875   ierr = TSComputeIJacobian(ts,ark->stage_time,X,Ydot,ark->shift,A,B,str,ark->imex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
876   ts->dm = dmsave;
877   ierr = TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(ts,dm,PETSC_NULL,&Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
878   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
879 }
880 
881 #undef __FUNCT__
882 #define __FUNCT__ "DMCoarsenHook_TSARKIMEX"
883 static PetscErrorCode DMCoarsenHook_TSARKIMEX(DM fine,DM coarse,void *ctx)
884 {
885 
886   PetscFunctionBegin;
887   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
888 }
889 
890 #undef __FUNCT__
891 #define __FUNCT__ "DMRestrictHook_TSARKIMEX"
892 static PetscErrorCode DMRestrictHook_TSARKIMEX(DM fine,Mat restrct,Vec rscale,Mat inject,DM coarse,void *ctx)
893 {
894   TS             ts = (TS)ctx;
895   PetscErrorCode ierr;
896   Vec            Z,Z_c;
897 
898   PetscFunctionBegin;
899   ierr = TSARKIMEXGetVecs(ts,fine,&Z,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
900   ierr = TSARKIMEXGetVecs(ts,coarse,&Z_c,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
901   ierr = MatRestrict(restrct,Z,Z_c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
902   ierr = VecPointwiseMult(Z_c,rscale,Z_c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
903   ierr = TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(ts,fine,&Z,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
904   ierr = TSARKIMEXRestoreVecs(ts,coarse,&Z_c,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
905   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
906 }
907 
908 #undef __FUNCT__
909 #define __FUNCT__ "TSSetUp_ARKIMEX"
910 static PetscErrorCode TSSetUp_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
911 {
912   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
913   ARKTableau     tab  = ark->tableau;
914   PetscInt       s = tab->s;
915   PetscErrorCode ierr;
916   DM             dm;
917 
918   PetscFunctionBegin;
919   if (!ark->tableau) {
920     ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,TSARKIMEXDefault);CHKERRQ(ierr);
921   }
922   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->Y);CHKERRQ(ierr);
923   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->YdotI);CHKERRQ(ierr);
924   ierr = VecDuplicateVecs(ts->vec_sol,s,&ark->YdotRHS);CHKERRQ(ierr);
925   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Ydot);CHKERRQ(ierr);
926   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
927   ierr = VecDuplicate(ts->vec_sol,&ark->Z);CHKERRQ(ierr);
928   ierr = PetscMalloc(s*sizeof(ark->work[0]),&ark->work);CHKERRQ(ierr);
929   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
930   if (dm) {
931     ierr = DMCoarsenHookAdd(dm,DMCoarsenHook_TSARKIMEX,DMRestrictHook_TSARKIMEX,ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
932   }
933   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
934 }
935 /*------------------------------------------------------------*/
936 
937 #undef __FUNCT__
938 #define __FUNCT__ "TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX"
939 static PetscErrorCode TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
940 {
941   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
942   PetscErrorCode ierr;
943   char           arktype[256];
944 
945   PetscFunctionBegin;
946   ierr = PetscOptionsHead("ARKIMEX ODE solver options");CHKERRQ(ierr);
947   {
948     ARKTableauLink link;
949     PetscInt       count,choice;
950     PetscBool      flg;
951     const char     **namelist;
952     ierr = PetscStrncpy(arktype,TSARKIMEXDefault,sizeof(arktype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
953     for (link=ARKTableauList,count=0; link; link=link->next,count++) ;
954     ierr = PetscMalloc(count*sizeof(char*),&namelist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
955     for (link=ARKTableauList,count=0; link; link=link->next,count++) namelist[count] = link->tab.name;
956     ierr = PetscOptionsEList("-ts_arkimex_type","Family of ARK IMEX method","TSARKIMEXSetType",(const char*const*)namelist,count,arktype,&choice,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
957     ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,flg ? namelist[choice] : arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
958     ierr = PetscFree(namelist);CHKERRQ(ierr);
959     flg = (PetscBool)!ark->imex;
960     ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-ts_arkimex_fully_implicit","Solve the problem fully implicitly","TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit",flg,&flg,PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
961     ark->imex = (PetscBool)!flg;
962     ierr = SNESSetFromOptions(ts->snes);CHKERRQ(ierr);
963   }
964   ierr = PetscOptionsTail();CHKERRQ(ierr);
965   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
966 }
967 
968 #undef __FUNCT__
969 #define __FUNCT__ "PetscFormatRealArray"
970 static PetscErrorCode PetscFormatRealArray(char buf[],size_t len,const char *fmt,PetscInt n,const PetscReal x[])
971 {
972   PetscErrorCode ierr;
973   PetscInt       i;
974   size_t         left,count;
975   char           *p;
976 
977   PetscFunctionBegin;
978   for (i=0,p=buf,left=len; i<n; i++) {
979     ierr = PetscSNPrintfCount(p,left,fmt,&count,x[i]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
980     if (count >= left) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_ERR_ARG_OUTOFRANGE,"Insufficient space in buffer");
981     left -= count;
982     p += count;
983     *p++ = ' ';
984   }
985   p[i ? 0 : -1] = 0;
986   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
987 }
988 
989 #undef __FUNCT__
990 #define __FUNCT__ "TSView_ARKIMEX"
991 static PetscErrorCode TSView_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscViewer viewer)
992 {
993   TS_ARKIMEX     *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
994   ARKTableau     tab = ark->tableau;
995   PetscBool      iascii;
996   PetscErrorCode ierr;
997   TSAdapt        adapt;
998 
999   PetscFunctionBegin;
1000   ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompare((PetscObject)viewer,PETSCVIEWERASCII,&iascii);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1001   if (iascii) {
1002     TSARKIMEXType arktype;
1003     char buf[512];
1004     ierr = TSARKIMEXGetType(ts,&arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1005     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  ARK IMEX %s\n",arktype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1006     ierr = PetscFormatRealArray(buf,sizeof(buf),"% 8.6f",tab->s,tab->ct);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1007     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  Stiff abscissa       ct = %s\n",buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1008     ierr = PetscFormatRealArray(buf,sizeof(buf),"% 8.6f",tab->s,tab->c);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1009     ierr = PetscViewerASCIIPrintf(viewer,"  Nonstiff abscissa     c = %s\n",buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1010   }
1011   ierr = TSGetAdapt(ts,&adapt);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1012   ierr = TSAdaptView(adapt,viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1013   ierr = SNESView(ts->snes,viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1014   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1015 }
1016 
1017 #undef __FUNCT__
1018 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetType"
1019 /*@C
1020   TSARKIMEXSetType - Set the type of ARK IMEX scheme
1021 
1022   Logically collective
1023 
1024   Input Parameter:
1025 +  ts - timestepping context
1026 -  arktype - type of ARK-IMEX scheme
1027 
1028   Level: intermediate
1029 
1030 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType(), TSARKIMEX, TSARKIMEX2D, TSARKIMEX2E, TSARKIMEXPRSSP2, TSARKIMEX3, TSARKIMEXBPR3, TSARKIMEXARS443, TSARKIMEX4, TSARKIMEX5
1031 @*/
1032 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXSetType(TS ts,TSARKIMEXType arktype)
1033 {
1034   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1035 
1036   PetscFunctionBegin;
1037   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
1038   ierr = PetscTryMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C",(TS,TSARKIMEXType),(ts,arktype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1039   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1040 }
1041 
1042 #undef __FUNCT__
1043 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXGetType"
1044 /*@C
1045   TSARKIMEXGetType - Get the type of ARK IMEX scheme
1046 
1047   Logically collective
1048 
1049   Input Parameter:
1050 .  ts - timestepping context
1051 
1052   Output Parameter:
1053 .  arktype - type of ARK-IMEX scheme
1054 
1055   Level: intermediate
1056 
1057 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType()
1058 @*/
1059 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXGetType(TS ts,TSARKIMEXType *arktype)
1060 {
1061   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1062 
1063   PetscFunctionBegin;
1064   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
1065   ierr = PetscUseMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C",(TS,TSARKIMEXType*),(ts,arktype));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1066   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1067 }
1068 
1069 #undef __FUNCT__
1070 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit"
1071 /*@C
1072   TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit - Solve both parts of the equation implicitly
1073 
1074   Logically collective
1075 
1076   Input Parameter:
1077 +  ts - timestepping context
1078 -  flg - PETSC_TRUE for fully implicit
1079 
1080   Level: intermediate
1081 
1082 .seealso: TSARKIMEXGetType()
1083 @*/
1084 PetscErrorCode TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit(TS ts,PetscBool flg)
1085 {
1086   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1087 
1088   PetscFunctionBegin;
1089   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(ts,TS_CLASSID,1);
1090   ierr = PetscTryMethod(ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C",(TS,PetscBool),(ts,flg));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1091   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1092 }
1093 
1094 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
1095 #undef __FUNCT__
1096 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX"
1097 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX(TS ts,TSARKIMEXType *arktype)
1098 {
1099   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1100   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1101 
1102   PetscFunctionBegin;
1103   if (!ark->tableau) {ierr = TSARKIMEXSetType(ts,TSARKIMEXDefault);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1104   *arktype = ark->tableau->name;
1105   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1106 }
1107 #undef __FUNCT__
1108 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX"
1109 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX(TS ts,TSARKIMEXType arktype)
1110 {
1111   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1112   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1113   PetscBool match;
1114   ARKTableauLink link;
1115 
1116   PetscFunctionBegin;
1117   if (ark->tableau) {
1118     ierr = PetscStrcmp(ark->tableau->name,arktype,&match);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1119     if (match) PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1120   }
1121   for (link = ARKTableauList; link; link=link->next) {
1122     ierr = PetscStrcmp(link->tab.name,arktype,&match);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1123     if (match) {
1124       ierr = TSReset_ARKIMEX(ts);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1125       ark->tableau = &link->tab;
1126       PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1127     }
1128   }
1129   SETERRQ1(((PetscObject)ts)->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_UNKNOWN_TYPE,"Could not find '%s'",arktype);
1130   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1131 }
1132 #undef __FUNCT__
1133 #define __FUNCT__ "TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX"
1134 PetscErrorCode  TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX(TS ts,PetscBool flg)
1135 {
1136   TS_ARKIMEX *ark = (TS_ARKIMEX*)ts->data;
1137 
1138   PetscFunctionBegin;
1139   ark->imex = (PetscBool)!flg;
1140   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1141 }
1142 EXTERN_C_END
1143 
1144 /* ------------------------------------------------------------ */
1145 /*MC
1146       TSARKIMEX - ODE and DAE solver using Additive Runge-Kutta IMEX schemes
1147 
1148   These methods are intended for problems with well-separated time scales, especially when a slow scale is strongly
1149   nonlinear such that it is expensive to solve with a fully implicit method. The user should provide the stiff part
1150   of the equation using TSSetIFunction() and the non-stiff part with TSSetRHSFunction().
1151 
1152   Notes:
1153   The default is TSARKIMEX3, it can be changed with TSARKIMEXSetType() or -ts_arkimex_type
1154 
1155   Methods with an explicit stage can only be used with ODE in which the stiff part G(t,X,Xdot) has the form Xdot + Ghat(t,X).
1156 
1157   Level: beginner
1158 
1159 .seealso:  TSCreate(), TS, TSSetType(), TSARKIMEXSetType(), TSARKIMEXGetType(), TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit(), TSARKIMEX2D, TTSARKIMEX2E, TSARKIMEX3,
1160            TSARKIMEX4, TSARKIMEX5, TSARKIMEXPRSSP2, TSARKIMEXBPR3, TSARKIMEXType, TSARKIMEXRegister()
1161 
1162 M*/
1163 EXTERN_C_BEGIN
1164 #undef __FUNCT__
1165 #define __FUNCT__ "TSCreate_ARKIMEX"
1166 PetscErrorCode  TSCreate_ARKIMEX(TS ts)
1167 {
1168   TS_ARKIMEX     *th;
1169   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1170 
1171   PetscFunctionBegin;
1172 #if !defined(PETSC_USE_DYNAMIC_LIBRARIES)
1173   ierr = TSARKIMEXInitializePackage(PETSC_NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1174 #endif
1175 
1176   ts->ops->reset          = TSReset_ARKIMEX;
1177   ts->ops->destroy        = TSDestroy_ARKIMEX;
1178   ts->ops->view           = TSView_ARKIMEX;
1179   ts->ops->setup          = TSSetUp_ARKIMEX;
1180   ts->ops->step           = TSStep_ARKIMEX;
1181   ts->ops->interpolate    = TSInterpolate_ARKIMEX;
1182   ts->ops->evaluatestep   = TSEvaluateStep_ARKIMEX;
1183   ts->ops->setfromoptions = TSSetFromOptions_ARKIMEX;
1184   ts->ops->snesfunction   = SNESTSFormFunction_ARKIMEX;
1185   ts->ops->snesjacobian   = SNESTSFormJacobian_ARKIMEX;
1186 
1187   ierr = PetscNewLog(ts,TS_ARKIMEX,&th);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1188   ts->data = (void*)th;
1189   th->imex = PETSC_TRUE;
1190 
1191   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXGetType_C","TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXGetType_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1192   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetType_C","TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXSetType_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1193   ierr = PetscObjectComposeFunctionDynamic((PetscObject)ts,"TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_C","TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX",TSARKIMEXSetFullyImplicit_ARKIMEX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1194   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1195 }
1196 EXTERN_C_END
1197