1 2 static char help[] = "This example uses the same problem set up of ex9busdmnetwork.c. \n\ 3 It demonstrates setting and accessing of variables for individual components, instead of \n\ 4 the network vertices (as used in ex9busdmnetwork.c). This is especially useful where vertices \n\ 5 /edges have multiple-components associated with them and one or more components has physics \n\ 6 associated with it. \n\ 7 Input parameters include:\n\ 8 -nc : number of copies of the base case\n\n"; 9 10 /* 11 This example was modified from ex9busdmnetwork.c. 12 */ 13 14 #include <petscts.h> 15 #include <petscdmnetwork.h> 16 17 #define FREQ 60 18 #define W_S (2 * PETSC_PI * FREQ) 19 #define NGEN 3 /* No. of generators in the 9 bus system */ 20 #define NLOAD 3 /* No. of loads in the 9 bus system */ 21 #define NBUS 9 /* No. of buses in the 9 bus system */ 22 #define NBRANCH 9 /* No. of branches in the 9 bus system */ 23 24 typedef struct { 25 PetscInt id; /* Bus Number or extended bus name*/ 26 PetscScalar mbase; /* MVA base of the machine */ 27 PetscScalar PG; /* Generator active power output */ 28 PetscScalar QG; /* Generator reactive power output */ 29 30 /* Generator constants */ 31 PetscScalar H; /* Inertia constant */ 32 PetscScalar Rs; /* Stator Resistance */ 33 PetscScalar Xd; /* d-axis reactance */ 34 PetscScalar Xdp; /* d-axis transient reactance */ 35 PetscScalar Xq; /* q-axis reactance Xq(1) set to 0.4360, value given in text 0.0969 */ 36 PetscScalar Xqp; /* q-axis transient reactance */ 37 PetscScalar Td0p; /* d-axis open circuit time constant */ 38 PetscScalar Tq0p; /* q-axis open circuit time constant */ 39 PetscScalar M; /* M = 2*H/W_S */ 40 PetscScalar D; /* D = 0.1*M */ 41 PetscScalar TM; /* Mechanical Torque */ 42 } Gen; 43 44 typedef struct { 45 /* Exciter system constants */ 46 PetscScalar KA; /* Voltage regulator gain constant */ 47 PetscScalar TA; /* Voltage regulator time constant */ 48 PetscScalar KE; /* Exciter gain constant */ 49 PetscScalar TE; /* Exciter time constant */ 50 PetscScalar KF; /* Feedback stabilizer gain constant */ 51 PetscScalar TF; /* Feedback stabilizer time constant */ 52 PetscScalar k1, k2; /* calculating the saturation function SE = k1*exp(k2*Efd) */ 53 PetscScalar Vref; /* Voltage regulator voltage setpoint */ 54 } Exc; 55 56 typedef struct { 57 PetscInt id; /* node id */ 58 PetscInt nofgen; /* Number of generators at the bus*/ 59 PetscInt nofload; /* Number of load at the bus*/ 60 PetscScalar yff[2]; /* yff[0]= imaginary part of admittance, yff[1]=real part of admittance*/ 61 PetscScalar vr; /* Real component of bus voltage */ 62 PetscScalar vi; /* Imaginary component of bus voltage */ 63 } Bus; 64 65 /* Load constants 66 We use a composite load model that describes the load and reactive powers at each time instant as follows 67 P(t) = \sum\limits_{i=0}^ld_nsegsp \ld_alphap_i*P_D0(\frac{V_m(t)}{V_m0})^\ld_betap_i 68 Q(t) = \sum\limits_{i=0}^ld_nsegsq \ld_alphaq_i*Q_D0(\frac{V_m(t)}{V_m0})^\ld_betaq_i 69 where 70 id - index of the load 71 ld_nsegsp,ld_nsegsq - Number of individual load models for real and reactive power loads 72 ld_alphap,ld_alphap - Percentage contribution (weights) or loads 73 P_D0 - Real power load 74 Q_D0 - Reactive power load 75 Vm(t) - Voltage magnitude at time t 76 Vm0 - Voltage magnitude at t = 0 77 ld_betap, ld_betaq - exponents describing the load model for real and reactive part 78 79 Note: All loads have the same characteristic currently. 80 */ 81 typedef struct { 82 PetscInt id; /* bus id */ 83 PetscInt ld_nsegsp, ld_nsegsq; 84 PetscScalar PD0, QD0; 85 PetscScalar ld_alphap[3]; /* ld_alphap=[1,0,0], an array, not a value, so use *ld_alphap; */ 86 PetscScalar ld_betap[3], ld_alphaq[3], ld_betaq[3]; 87 } Load; 88 89 typedef struct { 90 PetscInt id; /* node id */ 91 PetscScalar yft[2]; /* yft[0]= imaginary part of admittance, yft[1]=real part of admittance*/ 92 } Branch; 93 94 typedef struct { 95 PetscReal tfaulton, tfaultoff; /* Fault on and off times */ 96 PetscReal t; 97 PetscReal t0, tmax; /* initial time and final time */ 98 PetscInt faultbus; /* Fault bus */ 99 PetscScalar Rfault; /* Fault resistance (pu) */ 100 PetscScalar *ybusfault; 101 PetscBool alg_flg; 102 } Userctx; 103 104 /* Used to read data into the DMNetwork components */ 105 PetscErrorCode read_data(PetscInt nc, Gen **pgen, Exc **pexc, Load **pload, Bus **pbus, Branch **pbranch, PetscInt **pedgelist) { 106 PetscInt i, j, row[1], col[2]; 107 PetscInt *edgelist; 108 PetscInt nofgen[9] = {1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; /* Buses at which generators are incident */ 109 PetscInt nofload[9] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0}; /* Buses at which loads are incident */ 110 const PetscScalar *varr; 111 PetscScalar M[3], D[3]; 112 Bus *bus; 113 Branch *branch; 114 Gen *gen; 115 Exc *exc; 116 Load *load; 117 Mat Ybus; 118 Vec V0; 119 120 /*10 parameters*/ 121 /* Generator real and reactive powers (found via loadflow) */ 122 static const PetscScalar PG[3] = {0.716786142395021, 1.630000000000000, 0.850000000000000}; 123 static const PetscScalar QG[3] = {0.270702180178785, 0.066120127797275, -0.108402221791588}; 124 125 /* Generator constants */ 126 static const PetscScalar H[3] = {23.64, 6.4, 3.01}; /* Inertia constant */ 127 static const PetscScalar Rs[3] = {0.0, 0.0, 0.0}; /* Stator Resistance */ 128 static const PetscScalar Xd[3] = {0.146, 0.8958, 1.3125}; /* d-axis reactance */ 129 static const PetscScalar Xdp[3] = {0.0608, 0.1198, 0.1813}; /* d-axis transient reactance */ 130 static const PetscScalar Xq[3] = {0.4360, 0.8645, 1.2578}; /* q-axis reactance Xq(1) set to 0.4360, value given in text 0.0969 */ 131 static const PetscScalar Xqp[3] = {0.0969, 0.1969, 0.25}; /* q-axis transient reactance */ 132 static const PetscScalar Td0p[3] = {8.96, 6.0, 5.89}; /* d-axis open circuit time constant */ 133 static const PetscScalar Tq0p[3] = {0.31, 0.535, 0.6}; /* q-axis open circuit time constant */ 134 135 /* Exciter system constants (8 parameters)*/ 136 static const PetscScalar KA[3] = {20.0, 20.0, 20.0}; /* Voltage regulartor gain constant */ 137 static const PetscScalar TA[3] = {0.2, 0.2, 0.2}; /* Voltage regulator time constant */ 138 static const PetscScalar KE[3] = {1.0, 1.0, 1.0}; /* Exciter gain constant */ 139 static const PetscScalar TE[3] = {0.314, 0.314, 0.314}; /* Exciter time constant */ 140 static const PetscScalar KF[3] = {0.063, 0.063, 0.063}; /* Feedback stabilizer gain constant */ 141 static const PetscScalar TF[3] = {0.35, 0.35, 0.35}; /* Feedback stabilizer time constant */ 142 static const PetscScalar k1[3] = {0.0039, 0.0039, 0.0039}; 143 static const PetscScalar k2[3] = {1.555, 1.555, 1.555}; /* k1 and k2 for calculating the saturation function SE = k1*exp(k2*Efd) */ 144 145 /* Load constants */ 146 static const PetscScalar PD0[3] = {1.25, 0.9, 1.0}; 147 static const PetscScalar QD0[3] = {0.5, 0.3, 0.35}; 148 static const PetscScalar ld_alphaq[3] = {1, 0, 0}; 149 static const PetscScalar ld_betaq[3] = {2, 1, 0}; 150 static const PetscScalar ld_betap[3] = {2, 1, 0}; 151 static const PetscScalar ld_alphap[3] = {1, 0, 0}; 152 PetscInt ld_nsegsp[3] = {3, 3, 3}; 153 PetscInt ld_nsegsq[3] = {3, 3, 3}; 154 PetscViewer Xview, Ybusview; 155 PetscInt neqs_net, m, n; 156 157 PetscFunctionBeginUser; 158 /* Read V0 and Ybus from files */ 159 PetscCall(PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "X.bin", FILE_MODE_READ, &Xview)); 160 PetscCall(PetscViewerBinaryOpen(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "Ybus.bin", FILE_MODE_READ, &Ybusview)); 161 PetscCall(VecCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &V0)); 162 PetscCall(VecLoad(V0, Xview)); 163 164 PetscCall(MatCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &Ybus)); 165 PetscCall(MatSetType(Ybus, MATBAIJ)); 166 PetscCall(MatLoad(Ybus, Ybusview)); 167 168 /* Destroy unnecessary stuff */ 169 PetscCall(PetscViewerDestroy(&Xview)); 170 PetscCall(PetscViewerDestroy(&Ybusview)); 171 172 PetscCall(MatGetLocalSize(Ybus, &m, &n)); 173 neqs_net = 2 * NBUS; /* # eqs. for network subsystem */ 174 PetscCheck(m == neqs_net && n == neqs_net, PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_ARG_SIZ, "matrix Ybus is in wrong sizes"); 175 176 M[0] = 2 * H[0] / W_S; 177 M[1] = 2 * H[1] / W_S; 178 M[2] = 2 * H[2] / W_S; 179 D[0] = 0.1 * M[0]; 180 D[1] = 0.1 * M[1]; 181 D[2] = 0.1 * M[2]; 182 183 /* Alocate memory for bus, generators, exciter, loads and branches */ 184 PetscCall(PetscCalloc5(NBUS * nc, &bus, NGEN * nc, &gen, NLOAD * nc, &load, NBRANCH * nc + (nc - 1), &branch, NGEN * nc, &exc)); 185 186 PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(V0, &varr)); 187 188 /* read bus data */ 189 for (i = 0; i < nc; i++) { 190 for (j = 0; j < NBUS; j++) { 191 bus[i * 9 + j].id = i * 9 + j; 192 bus[i * 9 + j].nofgen = nofgen[j]; 193 bus[i * 9 + j].nofload = nofload[j]; 194 bus[i * 9 + j].vr = varr[2 * j]; 195 bus[i * 9 + j].vi = varr[2 * j + 1]; 196 row[0] = 2 * j; 197 col[0] = 2 * j; 198 col[1] = 2 * j + 1; 199 /* real and imaginary part of admittance from Ybus into yff */ 200 PetscCall(MatGetValues(Ybus, 1, row, 2, col, bus[i * 9 + j].yff)); 201 } 202 } 203 204 /* read generator data */ 205 for (i = 0; i < nc; i++) { 206 for (j = 0; j < NGEN; j++) { 207 gen[i * 3 + j].id = i * 3 + j; 208 gen[i * 3 + j].PG = PG[j]; 209 gen[i * 3 + j].QG = QG[j]; 210 gen[i * 3 + j].H = H[j]; 211 gen[i * 3 + j].Rs = Rs[j]; 212 gen[i * 3 + j].Xd = Xd[j]; 213 gen[i * 3 + j].Xdp = Xdp[j]; 214 gen[i * 3 + j].Xq = Xq[j]; 215 gen[i * 3 + j].Xqp = Xqp[j]; 216 gen[i * 3 + j].Td0p = Td0p[j]; 217 gen[i * 3 + j].Tq0p = Tq0p[j]; 218 gen[i * 3 + j].M = M[j]; 219 gen[i * 3 + j].D = D[j]; 220 } 221 } 222 223 for (i = 0; i < nc; i++) { 224 for (j = 0; j < NGEN; j++) { 225 /* exciter system */ 226 exc[i * 3 + j].KA = KA[j]; 227 exc[i * 3 + j].TA = TA[j]; 228 exc[i * 3 + j].KE = KE[j]; 229 exc[i * 3 + j].TE = TE[j]; 230 exc[i * 3 + j].KF = KF[j]; 231 exc[i * 3 + j].TF = TF[j]; 232 exc[i * 3 + j].k1 = k1[j]; 233 exc[i * 3 + j].k2 = k2[j]; 234 } 235 } 236 237 /* read load data */ 238 for (i = 0; i < nc; i++) { 239 for (j = 0; j < NLOAD; j++) { 240 load[i * 3 + j].id = i * 3 + j; 241 load[i * 3 + j].PD0 = PD0[j]; 242 load[i * 3 + j].QD0 = QD0[j]; 243 load[i * 3 + j].ld_nsegsp = ld_nsegsp[j]; 244 245 load[i * 3 + j].ld_alphap[0] = ld_alphap[0]; 246 load[i * 3 + j].ld_alphap[1] = ld_alphap[1]; 247 load[i * 3 + j].ld_alphap[2] = ld_alphap[2]; 248 249 load[i * 3 + j].ld_alphaq[0] = ld_alphaq[0]; 250 load[i * 3 + j].ld_alphaq[1] = ld_alphaq[1]; 251 load[i * 3 + j].ld_alphaq[2] = ld_alphaq[2]; 252 253 load[i * 3 + j].ld_betap[0] = ld_betap[0]; 254 load[i * 3 + j].ld_betap[1] = ld_betap[1]; 255 load[i * 3 + j].ld_betap[2] = ld_betap[2]; 256 load[i * 3 + j].ld_nsegsq = ld_nsegsq[j]; 257 258 load[i * 3 + j].ld_betaq[0] = ld_betaq[0]; 259 load[i * 3 + j].ld_betaq[1] = ld_betaq[1]; 260 load[i * 3 + j].ld_betaq[2] = ld_betaq[2]; 261 } 262 } 263 PetscCall(PetscCalloc1(2 * NBRANCH * nc + 2 * (nc - 1), &edgelist)); 264 265 /* read edgelist */ 266 for (i = 0; i < nc; i++) { 267 for (j = 0; j < NBRANCH; j++) { 268 switch (j) { 269 case 0: 270 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 0 + 9 * i; 271 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 3 + 9 * i; 272 break; 273 case 1: 274 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 1 + 9 * i; 275 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 6 + 9 * i; 276 break; 277 case 2: 278 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 2 + 9 * i; 279 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 8 + 9 * i; 280 break; 281 case 3: 282 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 3 + 9 * i; 283 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 4 + 9 * i; 284 break; 285 case 4: 286 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 3 + 9 * i; 287 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 5 + 9 * i; 288 break; 289 case 5: 290 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 4 + 9 * i; 291 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 6 + 9 * i; 292 break; 293 case 6: 294 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 5 + 9 * i; 295 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 8 + 9 * i; 296 break; 297 case 7: 298 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 6 + 9 * i; 299 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 7 + 9 * i; 300 break; 301 case 8: 302 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j] = 7 + 9 * i; 303 edgelist[i * 18 + 2 * j + 1] = 8 + 9 * i; 304 break; 305 default: break; 306 } 307 } 308 } 309 310 /* for connecting last bus of previous network(9*i-1) to first bus of next network(9*i), the branch admittance=-0.0301407+j17.3611 */ 311 for (i = 1; i < nc; i++) { 312 edgelist[18 * nc + 2 * (i - 1)] = 8 + (i - 1) * 9; 313 edgelist[18 * nc + 2 * (i - 1) + 1] = 9 * i; 314 315 /* adding admittances to the off-diagonal elements */ 316 branch[9 * nc + (i - 1)].id = 9 * nc + (i - 1); 317 branch[9 * nc + (i - 1)].yft[0] = 17.3611; 318 branch[9 * nc + (i - 1)].yft[1] = -0.0301407; 319 320 /* subtracting admittances from the diagonal elements */ 321 bus[9 * i - 1].yff[0] -= 17.3611; 322 bus[9 * i - 1].yff[1] -= -0.0301407; 323 324 bus[9 * i].yff[0] -= 17.3611; 325 bus[9 * i].yff[1] -= -0.0301407; 326 } 327 328 /* read branch data */ 329 for (i = 0; i < nc; i++) { 330 for (j = 0; j < NBRANCH; j++) { 331 branch[i * 9 + j].id = i * 9 + j; 332 333 row[0] = edgelist[2 * j] * 2; 334 col[0] = edgelist[2 * j + 1] * 2; 335 col[1] = edgelist[2 * j + 1] * 2 + 1; 336 PetscCall(MatGetValues(Ybus, 1, row, 2, col, branch[i * 9 + j].yft)); /*imaginary part of admittance*/ 337 } 338 } 339 340 *pgen = gen; 341 *pexc = exc; 342 *pload = load; 343 *pbus = bus; 344 *pbranch = branch; 345 *pedgelist = edgelist; 346 347 PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(V0, &varr)); 348 349 /* Destroy unnecessary stuff */ 350 PetscCall(MatDestroy(&Ybus)); 351 PetscCall(VecDestroy(&V0)); 352 PetscFunctionReturn(0); 353 } 354 355 PetscErrorCode SetInitialGuess(DM networkdm, Vec X) { 356 Bus *bus; 357 Gen *gen; 358 Exc *exc; 359 PetscInt v, vStart, vEnd, offset; 360 PetscInt key, numComps, j; 361 PetscBool ghostvtex; 362 Vec localX; 363 PetscScalar *xarr; 364 PetscScalar Vr = 0, Vi = 0, Vm = 0, Vm2; /* Terminal voltage variables */ 365 PetscScalar IGr, IGi; /* Generator real and imaginary current */ 366 PetscScalar Eqp, Edp, delta; /* Generator variables */ 367 PetscScalar Efd = 0, RF, VR; /* Exciter variables */ 368 PetscScalar Vd, Vq; /* Generator dq axis voltages */ 369 PetscScalar Id, Iq; /* Generator dq axis currents */ 370 PetscScalar theta; /* Generator phase angle */ 371 PetscScalar SE; 372 void *component; 373 374 PetscFunctionBegin; 375 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetVertexRange(networkdm, &vStart, &vEnd)); 376 PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(networkdm, &localX)); 377 378 PetscCall(VecSet(X, 0.0)); 379 PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalBegin(networkdm, X, INSERT_VALUES, localX)); 380 PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalEnd(networkdm, X, INSERT_VALUES, localX)); 381 382 PetscCall(VecGetArray(localX, &xarr)); 383 384 for (v = vStart; v < vEnd; v++) { 385 PetscCall(DMNetworkIsGhostVertex(networkdm, v, &ghostvtex)); 386 if (ghostvtex) continue; 387 388 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetNumComponents(networkdm, v, &numComps)); 389 for (j = 0; j < numComps; j++) { 390 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetComponent(networkdm, v, j, &key, &component, NULL)); 391 if (key == 1) { 392 bus = (Bus *)(component); 393 394 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offset)); 395 xarr[offset] = bus->vr; 396 xarr[offset + 1] = bus->vi; 397 398 Vr = bus->vr; 399 Vi = bus->vi; 400 } else if (key == 2) { 401 gen = (Gen *)(component); 402 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offset)); 403 Vm = PetscSqrtScalar(Vr * Vr + Vi * Vi); 404 Vm2 = Vm * Vm; 405 /* Real part of gen current */ 406 IGr = (Vr * gen->PG + Vi * gen->QG) / Vm2; 407 /* Imaginary part of gen current */ 408 IGi = (Vi * gen->PG - Vr * gen->QG) / Vm2; 409 410 /* Machine angle */ 411 delta = atan2(Vi + gen->Xq * IGr, Vr - gen->Xq * IGi); 412 theta = PETSC_PI / 2.0 - delta; 413 414 /* d-axis stator current */ 415 Id = IGr * PetscCosScalar(theta) - IGi * PetscSinScalar(theta); 416 417 /* q-axis stator current */ 418 Iq = IGr * PetscSinScalar(theta) + IGi * PetscCosScalar(theta); 419 420 Vd = Vr * PetscCosScalar(theta) - Vi * PetscSinScalar(theta); 421 Vq = Vr * PetscSinScalar(theta) + Vi * PetscCosScalar(theta); 422 423 /* d-axis transient EMF */ 424 Edp = Vd + gen->Rs * Id - gen->Xqp * Iq; 425 426 /* q-axis transient EMF */ 427 Eqp = Vq + gen->Rs * Iq + gen->Xdp * Id; 428 429 gen->TM = gen->PG; 430 431 xarr[offset] = Eqp; 432 xarr[offset + 1] = Edp; 433 xarr[offset + 2] = delta; 434 xarr[offset + 3] = W_S; 435 xarr[offset + 4] = Id; 436 xarr[offset + 5] = Iq; 437 438 Efd = Eqp + (gen->Xd - gen->Xdp) * Id; 439 440 } else if (key == 3) { 441 exc = (Exc *)(component); 442 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offset)); 443 444 SE = exc->k1 * PetscExpScalar(exc->k2 * Efd); 445 VR = exc->KE * Efd + SE; 446 RF = exc->KF * Efd / exc->TF; 447 448 xarr[offset] = Efd; 449 xarr[offset + 1] = RF; 450 xarr[offset + 2] = VR; 451 452 exc->Vref = Vm + (VR / exc->KA); 453 } 454 } 455 } 456 PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(localX, &xarr)); 457 PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalBegin(networkdm, localX, ADD_VALUES, X)); 458 PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalEnd(networkdm, localX, ADD_VALUES, X)); 459 PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(networkdm, &localX)); 460 PetscFunctionReturn(0); 461 } 462 463 /* Converts from machine frame (dq) to network (phase a real,imag) reference frame */ 464 PetscErrorCode dq2ri(PetscScalar Fd, PetscScalar Fq, PetscScalar delta, PetscScalar *Fr, PetscScalar *Fi) { 465 PetscFunctionBegin; 466 *Fr = Fd * PetscSinScalar(delta) + Fq * PetscCosScalar(delta); 467 *Fi = -Fd * PetscCosScalar(delta) + Fq * PetscSinScalar(delta); 468 PetscFunctionReturn(0); 469 } 470 471 /* Converts from network frame ([phase a real,imag) to machine (dq) reference frame */ 472 PetscErrorCode ri2dq(PetscScalar Fr, PetscScalar Fi, PetscScalar delta, PetscScalar *Fd, PetscScalar *Fq) { 473 PetscFunctionBegin; 474 *Fd = Fr * PetscSinScalar(delta) - Fi * PetscCosScalar(delta); 475 *Fq = Fr * PetscCosScalar(delta) + Fi * PetscSinScalar(delta); 476 PetscFunctionReturn(0); 477 } 478 479 /* Computes F(t,U,U_t) where F() = 0 is the DAE to be solved. */ 480 PetscErrorCode FormIFunction(TS ts, PetscReal t, Vec X, Vec Xdot, Vec F, Userctx *user) { 481 DM networkdm; 482 Vec localX, localXdot, localF; 483 PetscInt vfrom, vto, offsetfrom, offsetto; 484 PetscInt v, vStart, vEnd, e; 485 PetscScalar *farr; 486 PetscScalar Vd = 0, Vq = 0, SE; 487 const PetscScalar *xarr, *xdotarr; 488 void *component; 489 PetscScalar Vr = 0, Vi = 0; 490 491 PetscFunctionBegin; 492 PetscCall(VecSet(F, 0.0)); 493 494 PetscCall(TSGetDM(ts, &networkdm)); 495 PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(networkdm, &localF)); 496 PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(networkdm, &localX)); 497 PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(networkdm, &localXdot)); 498 PetscCall(VecSet(localF, 0.0)); 499 500 /* update ghost values of localX and localXdot */ 501 PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalBegin(networkdm, X, INSERT_VALUES, localX)); 502 PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalEnd(networkdm, X, INSERT_VALUES, localX)); 503 504 PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalBegin(networkdm, Xdot, INSERT_VALUES, localXdot)); 505 PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalEnd(networkdm, Xdot, INSERT_VALUES, localXdot)); 506 507 PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(localX, &xarr)); 508 PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(localXdot, &xdotarr)); 509 PetscCall(VecGetArray(localF, &farr)); 510 511 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetVertexRange(networkdm, &vStart, &vEnd)); 512 513 for (v = vStart; v < vEnd; v++) { 514 PetscInt i, j, offsetbus, offsetgen, offsetexc, key; 515 Bus *bus; 516 Gen *gen; 517 Exc *exc; 518 Load *load; 519 PetscBool ghostvtex; 520 PetscInt numComps; 521 PetscScalar Yffr, Yffi; /* Real and imaginary fault admittances */ 522 PetscScalar Vm, Vm2, Vm0; 523 PetscScalar Vr0 = 0, Vi0 = 0; 524 PetscScalar PD, QD; 525 526 PetscCall(DMNetworkIsGhostVertex(networkdm, v, &ghostvtex)); 527 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetNumComponents(networkdm, v, &numComps)); 528 529 for (j = 0; j < numComps; j++) { 530 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetComponent(networkdm, v, j, &key, &component, NULL)); 531 if (key == 1) { 532 PetscInt nconnedges; 533 const PetscInt *connedges; 534 535 bus = (Bus *)(component); 536 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offsetbus)); 537 if (!ghostvtex) { 538 Vr = xarr[offsetbus]; 539 Vi = xarr[offsetbus + 1]; 540 541 Yffr = bus->yff[1]; 542 Yffi = bus->yff[0]; 543 544 if (user->alg_flg) { 545 Yffr += user->ybusfault[bus->id * 2 + 1]; 546 Yffi += user->ybusfault[bus->id * 2]; 547 } 548 Vr0 = bus->vr; 549 Vi0 = bus->vi; 550 551 /* Network current balance residual IG + Y*V + IL = 0. Only YV is added here. 552 The generator current injection, IG, and load current injection, ID are added later 553 */ 554 farr[offsetbus] += Yffi * Vr + Yffr * Vi; /* imaginary current due to diagonal elements */ 555 farr[offsetbus + 1] += Yffr * Vr - Yffi * Vi; /* real current due to diagonal elements */ 556 } 557 558 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetSupportingEdges(networkdm, v, &nconnedges, &connedges)); 559 560 for (i = 0; i < nconnedges; i++) { 561 Branch *branch; 562 PetscInt keye; 563 PetscScalar Yfti, Yftr, Vfr, Vfi, Vtr, Vti; 564 const PetscInt *cone; 565 566 e = connedges[i]; 567 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetComponent(networkdm, e, 0, &keye, (void **)&branch, NULL)); 568 569 Yfti = branch->yft[0]; 570 Yftr = branch->yft[1]; 571 572 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetConnectedVertices(networkdm, e, &cone)); 573 574 vfrom = cone[0]; 575 vto = cone[1]; 576 577 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, vfrom, 0, &offsetfrom)); 578 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, vto, 0, &offsetto)); 579 580 /* From bus and to bus real and imaginary voltages */ 581 Vfr = xarr[offsetfrom]; 582 Vfi = xarr[offsetfrom + 1]; 583 Vtr = xarr[offsetto]; 584 Vti = xarr[offsetto + 1]; 585 586 if (vfrom == v) { 587 farr[offsetfrom] += Yftr * Vti + Yfti * Vtr; 588 farr[offsetfrom + 1] += Yftr * Vtr - Yfti * Vti; 589 } else { 590 farr[offsetto] += Yftr * Vfi + Yfti * Vfr; 591 farr[offsetto + 1] += Yftr * Vfr - Yfti * Vfi; 592 } 593 } 594 } else if (key == 2) { 595 if (!ghostvtex) { 596 PetscScalar Eqp, Edp, delta, w; /* Generator variables */ 597 PetscScalar Efd; /* Exciter field voltage */ 598 PetscScalar Id, Iq; /* Generator dq axis currents */ 599 PetscScalar IGr, IGi, Zdq_inv[4], det; 600 PetscScalar Xd, Xdp, Td0p, Xq, Xqp, Tq0p, TM, D, M, Rs; /* Generator parameters */ 601 602 gen = (Gen *)(component); 603 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offsetgen)); 604 605 /* Generator state variables */ 606 Eqp = xarr[offsetgen]; 607 Edp = xarr[offsetgen + 1]; 608 delta = xarr[offsetgen + 2]; 609 w = xarr[offsetgen + 3]; 610 Id = xarr[offsetgen + 4]; 611 Iq = xarr[offsetgen + 5]; 612 613 /* Generator parameters */ 614 Xd = gen->Xd; 615 Xdp = gen->Xdp; 616 Td0p = gen->Td0p; 617 Xq = gen->Xq; 618 Xqp = gen->Xqp; 619 Tq0p = gen->Tq0p; 620 TM = gen->TM; 621 D = gen->D; 622 M = gen->M; 623 Rs = gen->Rs; 624 625 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, 2, &offsetexc)); 626 Efd = xarr[offsetexc]; 627 628 /* Generator differential equations */ 629 farr[offsetgen] = (Eqp + (Xd - Xdp) * Id - Efd) / Td0p + xdotarr[offsetgen]; 630 farr[offsetgen + 1] = (Edp - (Xq - Xqp) * Iq) / Tq0p + xdotarr[offsetgen + 1]; 631 farr[offsetgen + 2] = -w + W_S + xdotarr[offsetgen + 2]; 632 farr[offsetgen + 3] = (-TM + Edp * Id + Eqp * Iq + (Xqp - Xdp) * Id * Iq + D * (w - W_S)) / M + xdotarr[offsetgen + 3]; 633 634 PetscCall(ri2dq(Vr, Vi, delta, &Vd, &Vq)); 635 636 /* Algebraic equations for stator currents */ 637 det = Rs * Rs + Xdp * Xqp; 638 639 Zdq_inv[0] = Rs / det; 640 Zdq_inv[1] = Xqp / det; 641 Zdq_inv[2] = -Xdp / det; 642 Zdq_inv[3] = Rs / det; 643 644 farr[offsetgen + 4] = Zdq_inv[0] * (-Edp + Vd) + Zdq_inv[1] * (-Eqp + Vq) + Id; 645 farr[offsetgen + 5] = Zdq_inv[2] * (-Edp + Vd) + Zdq_inv[3] * (-Eqp + Vq) + Iq; 646 647 PetscCall(dq2ri(Id, Iq, delta, &IGr, &IGi)); 648 649 /* Add generator current injection to network */ 650 farr[offsetbus] -= IGi; 651 farr[offsetbus + 1] -= IGr; 652 } 653 } else if (key == 3) { 654 if (!ghostvtex) { 655 PetscScalar k1, k2, KE, TE, TF, KA, KF, Vref, TA; /* Generator parameters */ 656 PetscScalar Efd, RF, VR; /* Exciter variables */ 657 658 exc = (Exc *)(component); 659 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offsetexc)); 660 661 Efd = xarr[offsetexc]; 662 RF = xarr[offsetexc + 1]; 663 VR = xarr[offsetexc + 2]; 664 665 k1 = exc->k1; 666 k2 = exc->k2; 667 KE = exc->KE; 668 TE = exc->TE; 669 TF = exc->TF; 670 KA = exc->KA; 671 KF = exc->KF; 672 Vref = exc->Vref; 673 TA = exc->TA; 674 675 Vm = PetscSqrtScalar(Vd * Vd + Vq * Vq); 676 SE = k1 * PetscExpScalar(k2 * Efd); 677 678 /* Exciter differential equations */ 679 farr[offsetexc] = (KE * Efd + SE - VR) / TE + xdotarr[offsetexc]; 680 farr[offsetexc + 1] = (RF - KF * Efd / TF) / TF + xdotarr[offsetexc + 1]; 681 farr[offsetexc + 2] = (VR - KA * RF + KA * KF * Efd / TF - KA * (Vref - Vm)) / TA + xdotarr[offsetexc + 2]; 682 } 683 } else if (key == 4) { 684 if (!ghostvtex) { 685 PetscInt k; 686 PetscInt ld_nsegsp; 687 PetscInt ld_nsegsq; 688 PetscScalar *ld_alphap; 689 PetscScalar *ld_betap, *ld_alphaq, *ld_betaq, PD0, QD0, IDr, IDi; 690 691 load = (Load *)(component); 692 693 /* Load Parameters */ 694 ld_nsegsp = load->ld_nsegsp; 695 ld_alphap = load->ld_alphap; 696 ld_betap = load->ld_betap; 697 ld_nsegsq = load->ld_nsegsq; 698 ld_alphaq = load->ld_alphaq; 699 ld_betaq = load->ld_betaq; 700 PD0 = load->PD0; 701 QD0 = load->QD0; 702 703 Vr = xarr[offsetbus]; /* Real part of generator terminal voltage */ 704 Vi = xarr[offsetbus + 1]; /* Imaginary part of the generator terminal voltage */ 705 Vm = PetscSqrtScalar(Vr * Vr + Vi * Vi); 706 Vm2 = Vm * Vm; 707 Vm0 = PetscSqrtScalar(Vr0 * Vr0 + Vi0 * Vi0); 708 PD = QD = 0.0; 709 for (k = 0; k < ld_nsegsp; k++) PD += ld_alphap[k] * PD0 * PetscPowScalar((Vm / Vm0), ld_betap[k]); 710 for (k = 0; k < ld_nsegsq; k++) QD += ld_alphaq[k] * QD0 * PetscPowScalar((Vm / Vm0), ld_betaq[k]); 711 712 /* Load currents */ 713 IDr = (PD * Vr + QD * Vi) / Vm2; 714 IDi = (-QD * Vr + PD * Vi) / Vm2; 715 716 /* Load current contribution to the network */ 717 farr[offsetbus] += IDi; 718 farr[offsetbus + 1] += IDr; 719 } 720 } 721 } 722 } 723 724 PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(localX, &xarr)); 725 PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(localXdot, &xdotarr)); 726 PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(localF, &farr)); 727 PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(networkdm, &localX)); 728 PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(networkdm, &localXdot)); 729 730 PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalBegin(networkdm, localF, ADD_VALUES, F)); 731 PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalEnd(networkdm, localF, ADD_VALUES, F)); 732 PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(networkdm, &localF)); 733 PetscFunctionReturn(0); 734 } 735 736 /* This function is used for solving the algebraic system only during fault on and 737 off times. It computes the entire F and then zeros out the part corresponding to 738 differential equations 739 F = [0;g(y)]; 740 */ 741 PetscErrorCode AlgFunction(SNES snes, Vec X, Vec F, void *ctx) { 742 DM networkdm; 743 Vec localX, localF; 744 PetscInt vfrom, vto, offsetfrom, offsetto; 745 PetscInt v, vStart, vEnd, e; 746 PetscScalar *farr; 747 Userctx *user = (Userctx *)ctx; 748 const PetscScalar *xarr; 749 void *component; 750 PetscScalar Vr = 0, Vi = 0; 751 752 PetscFunctionBegin; 753 PetscCall(VecSet(F, 0.0)); 754 PetscCall(SNESGetDM(snes, &networkdm)); 755 PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(networkdm, &localF)); 756 PetscCall(DMGetLocalVector(networkdm, &localX)); 757 PetscCall(VecSet(localF, 0.0)); 758 759 /* update ghost values of locaX and locaXdot */ 760 PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalBegin(networkdm, X, INSERT_VALUES, localX)); 761 PetscCall(DMGlobalToLocalEnd(networkdm, X, INSERT_VALUES, localX)); 762 763 PetscCall(VecGetArrayRead(localX, &xarr)); 764 PetscCall(VecGetArray(localF, &farr)); 765 766 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetVertexRange(networkdm, &vStart, &vEnd)); 767 768 for (v = vStart; v < vEnd; v++) { 769 PetscInt i, j, offsetbus, offsetgen, key, numComps; 770 PetscScalar Yffr, Yffi, Vm, Vm2, Vm0, Vr0 = 0, Vi0 = 0, PD, QD; 771 Bus *bus; 772 Gen *gen; 773 Load *load; 774 PetscBool ghostvtex; 775 776 PetscCall(DMNetworkIsGhostVertex(networkdm, v, &ghostvtex)); 777 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetNumComponents(networkdm, v, &numComps)); 778 779 for (j = 0; j < numComps; j++) { 780 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetComponent(networkdm, v, j, &key, &component, NULL)); 781 if (key == 1) { 782 PetscInt nconnedges; 783 const PetscInt *connedges; 784 785 bus = (Bus *)(component); 786 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offsetbus)); 787 if (!ghostvtex) { 788 Vr = xarr[offsetbus]; 789 Vi = xarr[offsetbus + 1]; 790 791 Yffr = bus->yff[1]; 792 Yffi = bus->yff[0]; 793 if (user->alg_flg) { 794 Yffr += user->ybusfault[bus->id * 2 + 1]; 795 Yffi += user->ybusfault[bus->id * 2]; 796 } 797 Vr0 = bus->vr; 798 Vi0 = bus->vi; 799 800 farr[offsetbus] += Yffi * Vr + Yffr * Vi; 801 farr[offsetbus + 1] += Yffr * Vr - Yffi * Vi; 802 } 803 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetSupportingEdges(networkdm, v, &nconnedges, &connedges)); 804 805 for (i = 0; i < nconnedges; i++) { 806 Branch *branch; 807 PetscInt keye; 808 PetscScalar Yfti, Yftr, Vfr, Vfi, Vtr, Vti; 809 const PetscInt *cone; 810 811 e = connedges[i]; 812 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetComponent(networkdm, e, 0, &keye, (void **)&branch, NULL)); 813 814 Yfti = branch->yft[0]; 815 Yftr = branch->yft[1]; 816 817 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetConnectedVertices(networkdm, e, &cone)); 818 vfrom = cone[0]; 819 vto = cone[1]; 820 821 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, vfrom, 0, &offsetfrom)); 822 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, vto, 0, &offsetto)); 823 824 /*From bus and to bus real and imaginary voltages */ 825 Vfr = xarr[offsetfrom]; 826 Vfi = xarr[offsetfrom + 1]; 827 Vtr = xarr[offsetto]; 828 Vti = xarr[offsetto + 1]; 829 830 if (vfrom == v) { 831 farr[offsetfrom] += Yftr * Vti + Yfti * Vtr; 832 farr[offsetfrom + 1] += Yftr * Vtr - Yfti * Vti; 833 } else { 834 farr[offsetto] += Yftr * Vfi + Yfti * Vfr; 835 farr[offsetto + 1] += Yftr * Vfr - Yfti * Vfi; 836 } 837 } 838 } else if (key == 2) { 839 if (!ghostvtex) { 840 PetscScalar Eqp, Edp, delta; /* Generator variables */ 841 PetscScalar Id, Iq; /* Generator dq axis currents */ 842 PetscScalar Vd, Vq, IGr, IGi, Zdq_inv[4], det; 843 PetscScalar Xdp, Xqp, Rs; /* Generator parameters */ 844 845 gen = (Gen *)(component); 846 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offsetgen)); 847 848 /* Generator state variables */ 849 Eqp = xarr[offsetgen]; 850 Edp = xarr[offsetgen + 1]; 851 delta = xarr[offsetgen + 2]; 852 /* w = xarr[idx+3]; not being used */ 853 Id = xarr[offsetgen + 4]; 854 Iq = xarr[offsetgen + 5]; 855 856 /* Generator parameters */ 857 Xdp = gen->Xdp; 858 Xqp = gen->Xqp; 859 Rs = gen->Rs; 860 861 /* Set generator differential equation residual functions to zero */ 862 farr[offsetgen] = 0; 863 farr[offsetgen + 1] = 0; 864 farr[offsetgen + 2] = 0; 865 farr[offsetgen + 3] = 0; 866 867 PetscCall(ri2dq(Vr, Vi, delta, &Vd, &Vq)); 868 869 /* Algebraic equations for stator currents */ 870 det = Rs * Rs + Xdp * Xqp; 871 872 Zdq_inv[0] = Rs / det; 873 Zdq_inv[1] = Xqp / det; 874 Zdq_inv[2] = -Xdp / det; 875 Zdq_inv[3] = Rs / det; 876 877 farr[offsetgen + 4] = Zdq_inv[0] * (-Edp + Vd) + Zdq_inv[1] * (-Eqp + Vq) + Id; 878 farr[offsetgen + 5] = Zdq_inv[2] * (-Edp + Vd) + Zdq_inv[3] * (-Eqp + Vq) + Iq; 879 880 /* Add generator current injection to network */ 881 PetscCall(dq2ri(Id, Iq, delta, &IGr, &IGi)); 882 883 farr[offsetbus] -= IGi; 884 farr[offsetbus + 1] -= IGr; 885 886 /* Vm = PetscSqrtScalar(Vd*Vd + Vq*Vq);*/ /* a compiler warning: "Value stored to 'Vm' is never read" - comment out by Hong Zhang */ 887 } 888 } else if (key == 3) { 889 if (!ghostvtex) { 890 PetscInt offsetexc; 891 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetLocalVecOffset(networkdm, v, j, &offsetexc)); 892 /* Set exciter differential equation residual functions equal to zero*/ 893 farr[offsetexc] = 0; 894 farr[offsetexc + 1] = 0; 895 farr[offsetexc + 2] = 0; 896 } 897 } else if (key == 4) { 898 if (!ghostvtex) { 899 PetscInt k, ld_nsegsp, ld_nsegsq; 900 PetscScalar *ld_alphap, *ld_betap, *ld_alphaq, *ld_betaq, PD0, QD0, IDr, IDi; 901 902 load = (Load *)(component); 903 904 /* Load Parameters */ 905 ld_nsegsp = load->ld_nsegsp; 906 ld_alphap = load->ld_alphap; 907 ld_betap = load->ld_betap; 908 ld_nsegsq = load->ld_nsegsq; 909 ld_alphaq = load->ld_alphaq; 910 ld_betaq = load->ld_betaq; 911 912 PD0 = load->PD0; 913 QD0 = load->QD0; 914 915 Vm = PetscSqrtScalar(Vr * Vr + Vi * Vi); 916 Vm2 = Vm * Vm; 917 Vm0 = PetscSqrtScalar(Vr0 * Vr0 + Vi0 * Vi0); 918 PD = QD = 0.0; 919 for (k = 0; k < ld_nsegsp; k++) PD += ld_alphap[k] * PD0 * PetscPowScalar((Vm / Vm0), ld_betap[k]); 920 for (k = 0; k < ld_nsegsq; k++) QD += ld_alphaq[k] * QD0 * PetscPowScalar((Vm / Vm0), ld_betaq[k]); 921 922 /* Load currents */ 923 IDr = (PD * Vr + QD * Vi) / Vm2; 924 IDi = (-QD * Vr + PD * Vi) / Vm2; 925 926 farr[offsetbus] += IDi; 927 farr[offsetbus + 1] += IDr; 928 } 929 } 930 } 931 } 932 933 PetscCall(VecRestoreArrayRead(localX, &xarr)); 934 PetscCall(VecRestoreArray(localF, &farr)); 935 PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(networkdm, &localX)); 936 937 PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalBegin(networkdm, localF, ADD_VALUES, F)); 938 PetscCall(DMLocalToGlobalEnd(networkdm, localF, ADD_VALUES, F)); 939 PetscCall(DMRestoreLocalVector(networkdm, &localF)); 940 PetscFunctionReturn(0); 941 } 942 943 int main(int argc, char **argv) { 944 PetscInt i, j, *edgelist = NULL, eStart, eEnd, vStart, vEnd; 945 PetscInt genj, excj, loadj, componentkey[5]; 946 PetscInt nc = 1; /* No. of copies (default = 1) */ 947 PetscMPIInt size, rank; 948 Vec X, F_alg; 949 TS ts; 950 SNES snes_alg, snes; 951 Bus *bus; 952 Branch *branch; 953 Gen *gen; 954 Exc *exc; 955 Load *load; 956 DM networkdm; 957 #if defined(PETSC_USE_LOG) 958 PetscLogStage stage1; 959 #endif 960 Userctx user; 961 KSP ksp; 962 PC pc; 963 PetscInt numEdges = 0; 964 965 PetscFunctionBeginUser; 966 PetscCall(PetscInitialize(&argc, &argv, "ex9busnetworkops", help)); 967 PetscCall(PetscOptionsGetInt(NULL, NULL, "-nc", &nc, NULL)); 968 PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_size(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &size)); 969 PetscCallMPI(MPI_Comm_rank(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &rank)); 970 971 /* Read initial voltage vector and Ybus */ 972 if (rank == 0) { PetscCall(read_data(nc, &gen, &exc, &load, &bus, &branch, &edgelist)); } 973 974 PetscCall(DMNetworkCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &networkdm)); 975 PetscCall(DMNetworkRegisterComponent(networkdm, "branchstruct", sizeof(Branch), &componentkey[0])); 976 PetscCall(DMNetworkRegisterComponent(networkdm, "busstruct", sizeof(Bus), &componentkey[1])); 977 PetscCall(DMNetworkRegisterComponent(networkdm, "genstruct", sizeof(Gen), &componentkey[2])); 978 PetscCall(DMNetworkRegisterComponent(networkdm, "excstruct", sizeof(Exc), &componentkey[3])); 979 PetscCall(DMNetworkRegisterComponent(networkdm, "loadstruct", sizeof(Load), &componentkey[4])); 980 981 PetscCall(PetscLogStageRegister("Create network", &stage1)); 982 PetscCall(PetscLogStagePush(stage1)); 983 984 /* Set local number of edges and edge connectivity */ 985 if (rank == 0) numEdges = NBRANCH * nc + (nc - 1); 986 PetscCall(DMNetworkSetNumSubNetworks(networkdm, PETSC_DECIDE, 1)); 987 PetscCall(DMNetworkAddSubnetwork(networkdm, NULL, numEdges, edgelist, NULL)); 988 989 /* Set up the network layout */ 990 PetscCall(DMNetworkLayoutSetUp(networkdm)); 991 992 if (rank == 0) { PetscCall(PetscFree(edgelist)); } 993 994 /* Add network components (physical parameters of nodes and branches) and number of variables */ 995 if (rank == 0) { 996 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetEdgeRange(networkdm, &eStart, &eEnd)); 997 genj = 0; 998 loadj = 0; 999 excj = 0; 1000 for (i = eStart; i < eEnd; i++) { PetscCall(DMNetworkAddComponent(networkdm, i, componentkey[0], &branch[i - eStart], 0)); } 1001 1002 PetscCall(DMNetworkGetVertexRange(networkdm, &vStart, &vEnd)); 1003 1004 for (i = vStart; i < vEnd; i++) { 1005 PetscCall(DMNetworkAddComponent(networkdm, i, componentkey[1], &bus[i - vStart], 2)); 1006 if (bus[i - vStart].nofgen) { 1007 for (j = 0; j < bus[i - vStart].nofgen; j++) { 1008 /* Add generator */ 1009 PetscCall(DMNetworkAddComponent(networkdm, i, componentkey[2], &gen[genj++], 6)); 1010 /* Add exciter */ 1011 PetscCall(DMNetworkAddComponent(networkdm, i, componentkey[3], &exc[excj++], 3)); 1012 } 1013 } 1014 if (bus[i - vStart].nofload) { 1015 for (j = 0; j < bus[i - vStart].nofload; j++) { PetscCall(DMNetworkAddComponent(networkdm, i, componentkey[4], &load[loadj++], 0)); } 1016 } 1017 } 1018 } 1019 1020 PetscCall(DMSetUp(networkdm)); 1021 1022 if (rank == 0) { PetscCall(PetscFree5(bus, gen, load, branch, exc)); } 1023 1024 /* for parallel options: Network partitioning and distribution of data */ 1025 if (size > 1) { PetscCall(DMNetworkDistribute(&networkdm, 0)); } 1026 PetscCall(PetscLogStagePop()); 1027 1028 PetscCall(DMCreateGlobalVector(networkdm, &X)); 1029 1030 PetscCall(SetInitialGuess(networkdm, X)); 1031 1032 /* Options for fault simulation */ 1033 PetscOptionsBegin(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, NULL, "Transient stability fault options", ""); 1034 user.tfaulton = 0.02; 1035 user.tfaultoff = 0.05; 1036 user.Rfault = 0.0001; 1037 user.faultbus = 8; 1038 PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-tfaulton", "", "", user.tfaulton, &user.tfaulton, NULL)); 1039 PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-tfaultoff", "", "", user.tfaultoff, &user.tfaultoff, NULL)); 1040 PetscCall(PetscOptionsInt("-faultbus", "", "", user.faultbus, &user.faultbus, NULL)); 1041 user.t0 = 0.0; 1042 user.tmax = 0.1; 1043 PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-t0", "", "", user.t0, &user.t0, NULL)); 1044 PetscCall(PetscOptionsReal("-tmax", "", "", user.tmax, &user.tmax, NULL)); 1045 1046 PetscCall(PetscMalloc1(18 * nc, &user.ybusfault)); 1047 for (i = 0; i < 18 * nc; i++) { user.ybusfault[i] = 0; } 1048 user.ybusfault[user.faultbus * 2 + 1] = 1 / user.Rfault; 1049 PetscOptionsEnd(); 1050 1051 /* Setup TS solver */ 1052 /*--------------------------------------------------------*/ 1053 PetscCall(TSCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &ts)); 1054 PetscCall(TSSetDM(ts, (DM)networkdm)); 1055 PetscCall(TSSetType(ts, TSCN)); 1056 1057 PetscCall(TSGetSNES(ts, &snes)); 1058 PetscCall(SNESGetKSP(snes, &ksp)); 1059 PetscCall(KSPGetPC(ksp, &pc)); 1060 PetscCall(PCSetType(pc, PCBJACOBI)); 1061 1062 PetscCall(TSSetIFunction(ts, NULL, (TSIFunction)FormIFunction, &user)); 1063 PetscCall(TSSetMaxTime(ts, user.tfaulton)); 1064 PetscCall(TSSetExactFinalTime(ts, TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER)); 1065 PetscCall(TSSetTimeStep(ts, 0.01)); 1066 PetscCall(TSSetFromOptions(ts)); 1067 1068 /*user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE is the period when fault exists. We add fault admittance to Ybus matrix. 1069 eg, fault bus is 8. Y88(new)=Y88(old)+Yfault. */ 1070 user.alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE; 1071 1072 /* Prefault period */ 1073 if (rank == 0) { PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "... (1) Prefault period ... \n")); } 1074 1075 PetscCall(TSSetSolution(ts, X)); 1076 PetscCall(TSSetUp(ts)); 1077 PetscCall(TSSolve(ts, X)); 1078 1079 /* Create the nonlinear solver for solving the algebraic system */ 1080 PetscCall(VecDuplicate(X, &F_alg)); 1081 1082 PetscCall(SNESCreate(PETSC_COMM_WORLD, &snes_alg)); 1083 PetscCall(SNESSetDM(snes_alg, (DM)networkdm)); 1084 PetscCall(SNESSetFunction(snes_alg, F_alg, AlgFunction, &user)); 1085 PetscCall(SNESSetOptionsPrefix(snes_alg, "alg_")); 1086 PetscCall(SNESSetFromOptions(snes_alg)); 1087 1088 /* Apply disturbance - resistive fault at user.faultbus */ 1089 /* This is done by adding shunt conductance to the diagonal location 1090 in the Ybus matrix */ 1091 user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE; 1092 1093 /* Solve the algebraic equations */ 1094 if (rank == 0) { PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "\n... (2) Apply disturbance, solve algebraic equations ... \n")); } 1095 PetscCall(SNESSolve(snes_alg, NULL, X)); 1096 1097 /* Disturbance period */ 1098 PetscCall(TSSetTime(ts, user.tfaulton)); 1099 PetscCall(TSSetMaxTime(ts, user.tfaultoff)); 1100 PetscCall(TSSetExactFinalTime(ts, TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER)); 1101 PetscCall(TSSetIFunction(ts, NULL, (TSIFunction)FormIFunction, &user)); 1102 1103 user.alg_flg = PETSC_TRUE; 1104 if (rank == 0) { PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "\n... (3) Disturbance period ... \n")); } 1105 PetscCall(TSSolve(ts, X)); 1106 1107 /* Remove the fault */ 1108 PetscCall(SNESSetFunction(snes_alg, F_alg, AlgFunction, &user)); 1109 1110 user.alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE; 1111 /* Solve the algebraic equations */ 1112 if (rank == 0) { PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "\n... (4) Remove fault, solve algebraic equations ... \n")); } 1113 PetscCall(SNESSolve(snes_alg, NULL, X)); 1114 PetscCall(SNESDestroy(&snes_alg)); 1115 1116 /* Post-disturbance period */ 1117 PetscCall(TSSetTime(ts, user.tfaultoff)); 1118 PetscCall(TSSetMaxTime(ts, user.tmax)); 1119 PetscCall(TSSetExactFinalTime(ts, TS_EXACTFINALTIME_STEPOVER)); 1120 PetscCall(TSSetIFunction(ts, NULL, (TSIFunction)FormIFunction, &user)); 1121 1122 user.alg_flg = PETSC_FALSE; 1123 if (rank == 0) { PetscCall(PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF, "\n... (5) Post-disturbance period ... \n")); } 1124 PetscCall(TSSolve(ts, X)); 1125 1126 PetscCall(PetscFree(user.ybusfault)); 1127 PetscCall(VecDestroy(&F_alg)); 1128 PetscCall(VecDestroy(&X)); 1129 PetscCall(DMDestroy(&networkdm)); 1130 PetscCall(TSDestroy(&ts)); 1131 PetscCall(PetscFinalize()); 1132 return 0; 1133 } 1134 1135 /*TEST 1136 1137 build: 1138 requires: double !complex !defined(PETSC_USE_64BIT_INDICES) 1139 1140 test: 1141 args: -ts_monitor -snes_converged_reason -alg_snes_converged_reason 1142 localrunfiles: X.bin Ybus.bin ex9busnetworkops 1143 1144 test: 1145 suffix: 2 1146 nsize: 2 1147 args: -ts_monitor -snes_converged_reason -alg_snes_converged_reason 1148 localrunfiles: X.bin Ybus.bin ex9busnetworkops 1149 1150 TEST*/ 1151