xref: /petsc/src/ts/utils/dmplexlandau/plexland.c (revision 087fd8268505e0d6b99b006bb9c3a4e5334df17b)
1 #include <petsc/private/dmpleximpl.h>   /*I "petscdmplex.h" I*/
2 #include <petsclandau.h>                /*I "petsclandau.h"   I*/
3 #include <petscts.h>
4 #include <petscdmforest.h>
5 
6 /* Landau collision operator */
7 #define PETSC_THREAD_SYNC
8 #include "land_tensors.h"
9 
10 /* vector padding not supported */
11 #define LANDAU_VL  1
12 
13 static PetscErrorCode LandauGPUMapsDestroy(void *ptr)
14 {
15   P4estVertexMaps *maps = (P4estVertexMaps *)ptr;
16   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
17   PetscFunctionBegin;
18   if (maps->deviceType != LANDAU_CPU) {
19 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
20     if (maps->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
21       ierr = LandauKokkosDestroyMatMaps(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr); // imples Kokkos does
22     } // else could be CUDA
23 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
24     if (maps->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
25       ierr = LandauCUDADestroyMatMaps(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
26     } else SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "maps->deviceType %D ?????",maps->deviceType);
27 #endif
28   }
29   ierr = PetscFree(maps->c_maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
30   ierr = PetscFree(maps->gIdx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
31   ierr = PetscFree(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
32   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
33 }
34 
35 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
36 /*
37  LandauFormJacobian_Internal - Evaluates Jacobian matrix.
38 
39  Input Parameters:
40  .  globX - input vector
41  .  actx - optional user-defined context
42  .  dim - dimension
43 
44  Output Parameters:
45  .  J0acP - Jacobian matrix filled, not created
46  */
47 static PetscErrorCode LandauFormJacobian_Internal(Vec a_X, Mat JacP, const PetscInt dim, PetscReal shift, void *a_ctx)
48 {
49   LandauCtx         *ctx = (LandauCtx*)a_ctx;
50   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
51   PetscInt          cStart, cEnd, elemMatSize;
52   PetscDS           prob;
53   PetscSection      section,globsection;
54   PetscInt          numCells,totDim,ej,Nq,*Nbf,*Ncf,Nb,Ncx,Nf,d,f,fieldA,qj,N;
55   PetscQuadrature   quad;
56   const PetscReal   *quadWeights;
57   PetscTabulation   *Tf; // used for CPU and print info
58   PetscReal         Eq_m[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], m_0=ctx->m_0; /* normalize mass -- not needed! */
59   PetscScalar       *IPf=NULL;
60   const PetscScalar *xdata=NULL;
61   PetscLogDouble    flops;
62   PetscContainer    container;
63   P4estVertexMaps   *maps=NULL;
64 
65   PetscFunctionBegin;
66   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(a_X,VEC_CLASSID,1);
67   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(JacP,MAT_CLASSID,2);
68   PetscValidPointer(ctx,5);
69   /* check for matrix container for GPU assembly */
70   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[10],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
71   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject) JacP, "assembly_maps", (PetscObject *) &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
72   if (container /* && ctx->deviceType != LANDAU_CPU */) {
73     if (!ctx->gpu_assembly) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"GPU matrix container but no GPU assembly");
74     ierr = PetscContainerGetPointer(container, (void **) &maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
75     if (!maps) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"empty GPU matrix container");
76   }
77   if (ctx->plex == NULL) {
78     ierr = DMConvert(ctx->dmv, DMPLEX, &ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
79   }
80   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(ctx->plex, 0, &cStart, &cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
81   ierr = DMGetLocalSection(ctx->plex, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
82   ierr = DMGetGlobalSection(ctx->plex, &globsection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
83   ierr = DMGetDS(ctx->plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
84   ierr = PetscDSGetTabulation(prob, &Tf);CHKERRQ(ierr); // Bf, &Df
85   ierr = PetscDSGetDimensions(prob, &Nbf);CHKERRQ(ierr); Nb = Nbf[0]; /* number of vertices*S */
86   ierr = PetscSectionGetNumFields(section, &Nf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
87   if (Nf!=ctx->num_species) SETERRQ1(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nf %D != S",Nf);
88   ierr = PetscDSGetComponents(prob, &Ncf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
89   Ncx = Ncf[0];
90   if (Ncx!=1) SETERRQ1(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nc %D != 1",Ncx);
91   ierr = PetscDSGetTotalDimension(prob, &totDim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
92   numCells = cEnd - cStart;
93   ierr = PetscFEGetQuadrature(ctx->fe[0], &quad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
94   ierr = PetscQuadratureGetData(quad, NULL, NULL, &Nq, NULL, &quadWeights);CHKERRQ(ierr);
95   if (Nb!=Nq) SETERRQ4(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nb!=Nq %D %D over integration or simplices? Tf[0]->Nb=%D dim=%D",Nb,Nq,Tf[0]->Nb,dim);
96   if (Nq >LANDAU_MAX_NQ) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"Order too high. Nq = %D > LANDAU_MAX_NQ (%D)",Nq,LANDAU_MAX_NQ);
97   if (LANDAU_DIM != dim) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "dim %D != LANDAU_DIM %d",dim,LANDAU_DIM);
98   if (!ctx->SData_d) {
99     ierr = PetscNew(&ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
100   }
101   elemMatSize = totDim*totDim; // used for CPU and print info
102   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[10],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
103   ierr = VecGetSize(a_X,&N);CHKERRQ(ierr);
104   if (!ctx->init) {    /* create static point data, Jacobian called first */
105     PetscReal *invJ,*ww,*xx,*yy,*zz=NULL,*mass_w,*invJ_a;
106     const PetscInt  nip = Nq*numCells;
107 
108     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[7],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
109     ctx->init = PETSC_TRUE;
110     ierr = PetscInfo(ctx->plex, "Initialize static data\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
111     /* collect f data, first time is for Jacobian, but make mass now */
112     if (ctx->verbose > 1 || ctx->verbose > 0) {
113       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"[%D]%s: %D IPs, %D cells, totDim=%D, Nb=%D, Nq=%D, elemMatSize=%D, dim=%D, Tab: Nb=%D Nf=%D Np=%D cdim=%D N=%D shift=%g\n",
114                          0,"FormLandau",Nq*numCells,numCells, totDim, Nb, Nq, elemMatSize, dim, Tf[0]->Nb, Nf, Tf[0]->Np, Tf[0]->cdim, N, shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
115     }
116     ierr = PetscMalloc5(nip,&mass_w,nip,&ww,nip,&xx,nip,&yy,nip*dim*dim,&invJ_a);CHKERRQ(ierr);
117     if (dim==3) {
118       ierr = PetscMalloc1(nip,&zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
119     }
120     for (ej = 0 ; ej < numCells; ++ej) {
121       PetscReal    vj[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_DIM],detJj[LANDAU_MAX_NQ], Jdummy[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_DIM*LANDAU_DIM];
122       invJ = invJ_a ? invJ_a + ej * Nq*dim*dim : NULL;
123       ierr = DMPlexComputeCellGeometryFEM(ctx->plex, cStart+ej, quad, vj, Jdummy, invJ, detJj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
124       /* create dynamic point data */
125       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
126         PetscInt         gidx = (ej*Nq + qj);
127         mass_w[gidx] = detJj[qj] * quadWeights[qj];
128         if (dim==2) mass_w[gidx] *=  2.*PETSC_PI*vj[qj * dim + 0]; /* cylindrical coordinate, w/o 2pi */
129         xx[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 0]; /* coordinate */
130         yy[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 1];
131         if (dim==3) zz[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 2];
132         ww[gidx] = detJj[qj] * quadWeights[qj];
133         if (dim==2) ww[gidx] *= xx[gidx];  /* cylindrical coordinate, w/o 2pi */
134       } /* q */
135     } /* ej */
136     /* cache static data */
137     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA || ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
138 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
139       PetscReal invMass[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],nu_alpha[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_beta[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
140       for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
141         invMass[fieldA] = m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
142         nu_alpha[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/m_0)*m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
143         nu_beta[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/ctx->epsilon0)*ctx->lnLam / (8*PETSC_PI) * ctx->t_0*ctx->n_0/PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3);
144       }
145       if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
146 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
147         ierr = LandauCUDAStaticDataSet(ctx->plex,Nq,nu_alpha,nu_beta,invMass,invJ_a,mass_w,xx,yy,zz,ww,ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
148 #else
149         SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
150 #endif
151       } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
152 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
153         ierr = LandauKokkosStaticDataSet(ctx->plex,Nq,nu_alpha,nu_beta,invMass,invJ_a,mass_w,xx,yy,zz,ww,ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
154 #else
155         SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
156 #endif
157       }
158 #endif
159       /* free */
160       ierr = PetscFree5(mass_w,ww,xx,yy,invJ_a);CHKERRQ(ierr);
161       if (dim==3) {
162         ierr = PetscFree(zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
163       }
164     } else { /* CPU version, just copy in, only use part */
165       ctx->SData_d->w = (void*)ww;
166       ctx->SData_d->x = (void*)xx;
167       ctx->SData_d->y = (void*)yy;
168       ctx->SData_d->z = (void*)zz;
169       ctx->SData_d->invJ = (void*)invJ_a;
170       ctx->SData_d->mass_w = (void*)mass_w;
171     }
172     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[7],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
173   }
174   if (shift==0) { /* create dynamic point data */
175     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[1],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
176     ierr = MatZeroEntries(JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
177     flops = (PetscLogDouble)numCells*(PetscLogDouble)Nq*(PetscLogDouble)(5*dim*dim*Nf*Nf + 165);
178     for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
179       Eq_m[fieldA] = ctx->Ez * ctx->t_0 * ctx->charges[fieldA] / (ctx->v_0 * ctx->masses[fieldA]); /* normalize dimensionless */
180       if (dim==2) Eq_m[fieldA] *=  2 * PETSC_PI; /* add the 2pi term that is not in Landau */
181     }
182     if (!ctx->gpu_assembly || !container) {
183       Vec locX;
184       ierr = DMGetLocalVector(ctx->plex, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
185       ierr = VecZeroEntries(locX);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* zero BCs so don't set */
186       ierr = DMGlobalToLocalBegin(ctx->plex, a_X, INSERT_VALUES, locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
187       ierr = DMGlobalToLocalEnd  (ctx->plex, a_X, INSERT_VALUES, locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
188       ierr = PetscMalloc1(Nq*numCells*Nf,&IPf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
189       for (ej = 0 ; ej < numCells; ++ej) {
190         PetscScalar *coef = NULL;
191         ierr = DMPlexVecGetClosure(ctx->plex, section, locX, cStart+ej, NULL, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
192         ierr = PetscMemcpy(&IPf[ej*Nb*Nf],coef,Nb*Nf*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr); /* change if LandauIPReal != PetscScalar */
193         ierr = DMPlexVecRestoreClosure(ctx->plex, section, locX, cStart+ej, NULL, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
194       } /* ej */
195       ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(ctx->plex, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
196     } else {
197       PetscMemType mtype;
198       ierr = VecGetArrayReadAndMemType(a_X,&xdata,&mtype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
199     }
200     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[1],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
201   } else {
202     flops = (PetscLogDouble)numCells*(PetscLogDouble)Nq*(PetscLogDouble)(5*dim*dim*Nf*Nf);
203   }
204   /* do it */
205   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA || ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
206     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
207 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
208       ierr = LandauCUDAJacobian(ctx->plex,Nq,Eq_m,IPf,N,xdata,ctx->SData_d,ctx->subThreadBlockSize,shift,ctx->events,JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
209 #else
210       SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
211 #endif
212     } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
213 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
214       ierr = LandauKokkosJacobian(ctx->plex,Nq,Eq_m,IPf,N,xdata,ctx->SData_d,ctx->subThreadBlockSize,shift,ctx->events,JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
215 #else
216       SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
217 #endif
218     }
219   } else { /* CPU version */
220     PetscInt        ei, qi;
221     PetscScalar     *elemMat,coef_buff[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES*LANDAU_MAX_NQ];
222     PetscReal       *ff, *dudx, *dudy, *dudz, *invJ, *invJ_a = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->invJ, *xx = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->x, *yy = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->y, *zz = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->z, *ww = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->w, *mass_w = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->mass_w;
223     const PetscInt  nip = Nq*numCells;
224     const PetscReal *const BB = Tf[0]->T[0], * const DD = Tf[0]->T[1];
225     PetscReal       Eq_m[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], invMass[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_alpha[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_beta[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
226     if (shift!=0.0) { // mass
227       ierr = PetscMalloc1(elemMatSize, &elemMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
228     } else {      /* compute f and df and init data for Jacobian */
229       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[8],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
230       for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
231         invMass[fieldA] = m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
232         Eq_m[fieldA] = ctx->Ez * ctx->t_0 * ctx->charges[fieldA] / (ctx->v_0 * ctx->masses[fieldA]); /* normalize dimensionless */
233         if (dim==2) Eq_m[fieldA] *=  2 * PETSC_PI; /* add the 2pi term that is not in Landau */
234         nu_alpha[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/m_0)*m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
235         nu_beta[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/ctx->epsilon0)*ctx->lnLam / (8*PETSC_PI) * ctx->t_0*ctx->n_0/PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3);
236       }
237       ierr = PetscMalloc5(elemMatSize, &elemMat, nip*Nf, &ff, nip*Nf, &dudx, nip*Nf, &dudy, dim==3 ? nip*Nf : 0, &dudz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
238       for (ei = cStart, invJ = invJ_a; ei < cEnd; ++ei, invJ += Nq*dim*dim) {
239         PetscScalar *coef;
240         PetscInt     b,f,idx,q;
241         PetscReal    u_x[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM];
242         if (IPf) {
243           coef = &IPf[ei*Nb*Nf]; // this is const
244         } else {
245           if (!maps) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"!maps");
246           coef = coef_buff;
247           for (f = 0; f < Nf; ++f) {
248             LandauIdx *const Idxs = &maps->gIdx[ei-cStart][f][0];
249             for (b = 0; b < Nb; ++b) {
250               idx = Idxs[b];
251               if (idx >= 0) {
252                 coef[f*Nb+b] = xdata[idx];
253               } else {
254                 idx = -idx - 1;
255                 coef[f*Nb+b] = 0;
256                 for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
257                   PetscInt    id = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
258                   PetscScalar scale = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
259                   coef[f*Nb+b] += scale*xdata[id];
260                 }
261               }
262             }
263           }
264         }
265         /* get f and df */
266         for (qi = 0; qi < Nq; ++qi) {
267           const PetscReal  *Bq = &BB[qi*Nb];
268           const PetscReal  *Dq = &DD[qi*Nb*dim];
269           const PetscInt   gidx = ei*Nq + qi;
270           /* get f & df */
271           for (f = 0; f < Nf; ++f) {
272             PetscInt   b, e;
273             PetscReal  refSpaceDer[LANDAU_DIM];
274             ff[gidx + f*nip] = 0.0;
275             for (d = 0; d < LANDAU_DIM; ++d) refSpaceDer[d] = 0.0;
276             for (b = 0; b < Nb; ++b) {
277               const PetscInt    cidx = b;
278               ff[gidx + f*nip] += Bq[cidx]*PetscRealPart(coef[f*Nb+cidx]);
279               for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) refSpaceDer[d] += Dq[cidx*dim+d]*PetscRealPart(coef[f*Nb+cidx]);
280             }
281             for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
282               for (e = 0, u_x[f][d] = 0.0; e < dim; ++e) {
283                 u_x[f][d] += invJ[qi * dim * dim + e*dim+d]*refSpaceDer[e];
284               }
285             }
286           }
287           for (f=0;f<Nf;f++) {
288             dudx[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][0];
289             dudy[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][1];
290 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
291             dudz[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][2];
292 #endif
293           }
294         }
295       }
296       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[8],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
297     }
298     for (ej = cStart, invJ = invJ_a; ej < cEnd; ++ej, invJ += Nq*dim*dim) {
299       ierr = PetscMemzero(elemMat, totDim *totDim * sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
300       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[4],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
301       ierr = PetscLogFlops((PetscLogDouble)Nq*flops);CHKERRQ(ierr);
302       //printf("\t:%d.%d) Invj[0] = %e (%d)\n",ej,qj,invJ[0],(int)(invJ-invJ_a));
303       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
304         const PetscReal * const BB = Tf[0]->T[0], * const DD = Tf[0]->T[1];
305         PetscReal               g0[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], g2[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM], g3[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM];
306         PetscInt                d,d2,dp,d3,ipidx,fieldA;
307         const PetscInt          jpidx = Nq*(ej-cStart) + qj;
308         if (shift==0.0) {
309           const PetscReal * const invJj = &invJ[qj*dim*dim];
310           PetscReal               gg2[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM],gg3[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM], gg2_temp[LANDAU_DIM], gg3_temp[LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM];
311           const PetscReal         vj[3] = {xx[jpidx], yy[jpidx], zz ? zz[jpidx] : 0}, wj = ww[jpidx];
312 
313           // create g2 & g3
314           for (d=0;d<dim;d++) { // clear accumulation data D & K
315             gg2_temp[d] = 0;
316             for (d2=0;d2<dim;d2++) gg3_temp[d][d2] = 0;
317           }
318           for (ipidx = 0; ipidx < nip; ipidx++) {
319             const PetscReal wi = ww[ipidx], x = xx[ipidx], y = yy[ipidx];
320             PetscReal       temp1[3] = {0, 0, 0}, temp2 = 0;
321 #if LANDAU_DIM==2
322             PetscReal       Ud[2][2], Uk[2][2];
323             LandauTensor2D(vj, x, y, Ud, Uk, (ipidx==jpidx) ? 0. : 1.);
324 #else
325             PetscReal U[3][3], z = zz[ipidx];
326             LandauTensor3D(vj, x, y, z, U, (ipidx==jpidx) ? 0. : 1.);
327 #endif
328             for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
329               temp1[0] += dudx[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
330               temp1[1] += dudy[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
331 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
332               temp1[2] += dudz[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
333 #endif
334               temp2    += ff[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA];
335             }
336             temp1[0] *= wi;
337             temp1[1] *= wi;
338 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
339             temp1[2] *= wi;
340 #endif
341             temp2    *= wi;
342 #if LANDAU_DIM==2
343             for (d2 = 0; d2 < 2; d2++) {
344               for (d3 = 0; d3 < 2; ++d3) {
345                 /* K = U * grad(f): g2=e: i,A */
346                 gg2_temp[d2] += Uk[d2][d3]*temp1[d3];
347                 /* D = -U * (I \kron (fx)): g3=f: i,j,A */
348                 gg3_temp[d2][d3] += Ud[d2][d3]*temp2;
349               }
350             }
351 #else
352             for (d2 = 0; d2 < 3; ++d2) {
353               for (d3 = 0; d3 < 3; ++d3) {
354                 /* K = U * grad(f): g2 = e: i,A */
355                 gg2_temp[d2] += U[d2][d3]*temp1[d3];
356                 /* D = -U * (I \kron (fx)): g3 = f: i,j,A */
357                 gg3_temp[d2][d3] += U[d2][d3]*temp2;
358               }
359             }
360 #endif
361           } /* IPs */
362           // add alpha and put in gg2/3
363           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
364             for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; d2++) {
365               gg2[fieldA][d2] = gg2_temp[d2]*nu_alpha[fieldA];
366               for (d3 = 0; d3 < dim; d3++) {
367                 gg3[fieldA][d2][d3] = -gg3_temp[d2][d3]*nu_alpha[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
368               }
369             }
370           }
371           /* add electric field term once per IP */
372           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
373             gg2[fieldA][dim-1] += Eq_m[fieldA];
374           }
375           /* Jacobian transform - g2, g3 */
376           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
377             for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
378               g2[fieldA][d] = 0.0;
379               for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; ++d2) {
380                 g2[fieldA][d] += invJj[d*dim+d2]*gg2[fieldA][d2];
381                 g3[fieldA][d][d2] = 0.0;
382                 for (d3 = 0; d3 < dim; ++d3) {
383                   for (dp = 0; dp < dim; ++dp) {
384                     g3[fieldA][d][d2] += invJj[d*dim + d3]*gg3[fieldA][d3][dp]*invJj[d2*dim + dp];
385                   }
386                 }
387                 g3[fieldA][d][d2] *= wj;
388               }
389               g2[fieldA][d] *= wj;
390             }
391           }
392         } else { // mass
393           /* Jacobian transform - g0 */
394           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
395             g0[fieldA] = mass_w[jpidx] * shift; // move this to below and remove g0
396           }
397         }
398         /* FE matrix construction */
399         {
400           PetscInt  fieldA,d,f,d2,g;
401           const PetscReal *BJq = &BB[qj*Nb], *DIq = &DD[qj*Nb*dim];
402           /* assemble - on the diagonal (I,I) */
403           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf ; fieldA++) {
404             for (f = 0; f < Nb ; f++) {
405               const PetscInt i = fieldA*Nb + f; /* Element matrix row */
406               for (g = 0; g < Nb; ++g) {
407                 const PetscInt j    = fieldA*Nb + g; /* Element matrix column */
408                 const PetscInt fOff = i*totDim + j;
409                 if (shift==0.0) {
410                   for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
411                     elemMat[fOff] += DIq[f*dim+d]*g2[fieldA][d]*BJq[g];
412                     //printf("\t:%d.%d.%d.%d.%d.%d) elemMat=%e += %e %e %e\n",ej,qj,fieldA,f,g,d,elemMat[fOff],DIq[f*dim+d],g2[fieldA][d],BJq[g]);
413                     for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; ++d2) {
414                       elemMat[fOff] += DIq[f*dim + d]*g3[fieldA][d][d2]*DIq[g*dim + d2];
415                     }
416                   }
417                 } else { // mass
418                   elemMat[fOff] += BJq[f]*g0[fieldA]*BJq[g];
419                 }
420               }
421             }
422           }
423         }
424       } /* qj loop */
425       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[4],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
426       /* assemble matrix */
427       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[6],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
428       if (!maps) {
429         ierr = DMPlexMatSetClosure(ctx->plex, section, globsection, JacP, ej, elemMat, ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
430       } else {  // GPU like assembly for debugging
431         PetscInt      fieldA,idx,q,f,g,d,nr,nc,rows0[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],cols0[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE]={0},rows[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],cols[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE];
432         PetscScalar   vals[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE*LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],row_scale[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],col_scale[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE]={0};
433         /* assemble - from the diagonal (I,I) in this format for DMPlexMatSetClosure */
434         for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf ; fieldA++) {
435           LandauIdx *const Idxs = &maps->gIdx[ej-cStart][fieldA][0];
436           for (f = 0; f < Nb ; f++) {
437             idx = Idxs[f];
438             if (idx >= 0) {
439               nr = 1;
440               rows0[0] = idx;
441               row_scale[0] = 1.;
442             } else {
443               idx = -idx - 1;
444               nr = maps->num_face;
445               for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
446                 rows0[q]     = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
447                 row_scale[q] = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
448               }
449             }
450             for (g = 0; g < Nb; ++g) {
451               idx = Idxs[g];
452               if (idx >= 0) {
453                 nc = 1;
454                 cols0[0] = idx;
455                 col_scale[0] = 1.;
456               } else {
457                 idx = -idx - 1;
458                 nc = maps->num_face;
459                 for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
460                   cols0[q]     = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
461                   col_scale[q] = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
462                 }
463               }
464               const PetscInt    i = fieldA*Nb + f; /* Element matrix row */
465               const PetscInt    j = fieldA*Nb + g; /* Element matrix column */
466               const PetscScalar Aij = elemMat[i*totDim + j];
467               for (q = 0; q < nr; q++) rows[q] = rows0[q];
468               for (q = 0; q < nc; q++) cols[q] = cols0[q];
469               for (q = 0; q < nr; q++) {
470                 for (d = 0; d < nc; d++) {
471                   vals[q*nc + d] = row_scale[q]*col_scale[d]*Aij;
472                 }
473               }
474               ierr = MatSetValues(JacP,nr,rows,nc,cols,vals,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
475             }
476           }
477         }
478       }
479       if (ej==-1) {
480         PetscErrorCode    ierr2;
481         ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"CPU Element matrix\n");CHKERRQ(ierr2);
482         for (d = 0; d < totDim; ++d) {
483           for (f = 0; f < totDim; ++f) {ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm," %12.5e",  PetscRealPart(elemMat[d*totDim + f]));CHKERRQ(ierr2);}
484           ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"\n");CHKERRQ(ierr2);
485         }
486         exit(12);
487       }
488       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[6],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
489     } /* ej cells loop, not cuda */
490     if (shift!=0.0) { // mass
491       ierr = PetscFree(elemMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
492     } else {
493       ierr = PetscFree5(elemMat, ff, dudx, dudy, dudz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
494     }
495   } /* CPU version */
496 
497   /* assemble matrix or vector */
498   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(JacP, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
499   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(JacP, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
500 #define MAP_BF_SIZE (128*LANDAU_DIM*LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES)
501   if (ctx->gpu_assembly && !container) {
502     PetscScalar             elemMatrix[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], *elMat;
503     pointInterpolationP4est pointMaps[MAP_BF_SIZE][LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE];
504     PetscInt                q,eidx,fieldA;
505     MatType                 type;
506     ierr = PetscInfo1(ctx->plex, "Make GPU maps %D\n",1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
507     ierr = MatGetType(JacP,&type);CHKERRQ(ierr);
508     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[2],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
509     ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(P4estVertexMaps), &maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
510     ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
511     ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(container, (void *)maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
512     ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container, LandauGPUMapsDestroy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
513     ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject) JacP, "assembly_maps", (PetscObject) container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
514     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
515     // make maps
516     maps->data = NULL;
517     maps->num_elements = numCells;
518     maps->num_face = (PetscInt)(pow(Nq,1./((double)dim))+.001); // Q
519     maps->num_face = (PetscInt)(pow(maps->num_face,(double)(dim-1))+.001); // Q^2
520     maps->num_reduced = 0;
521     maps->deviceType = ctx->deviceType;
522 
523     // count reduced and get
524     ierr = PetscMalloc(maps->num_elements * sizeof *maps->gIdx, &maps->gIdx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
525     for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
526       for (ej = cStart, eidx = 0 ; ej < cEnd; ++ej, ++eidx) {
527         for (q = 0; q < Nb; ++q) {
528           PetscInt    numindices,*indices;
529           PetscScalar *valuesOrig = elMat = elemMatrix;
530           ierr = PetscMemzero(elMat, totDim*totDim*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
531           elMat[ (fieldA*Nb + q)*totDim + fieldA*Nb + q] = 1;
532           ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(ctx->plex, section, globsection, ej, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
533           for (f = 0 ; f < numindices ; ++f) { // look for a non-zero on the diagonal
534             if (PetscAbs(PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + f])) > PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
535               // found it
536               if (PetscAbs(PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + f] - 1.)) < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
537                 maps->gIdx[eidx][fieldA][q] = (LandauIdx)indices[f]; // normal vertex 1.0
538               } else { //found a constraint
539                 int       jj = 0;
540                 PetscReal sum = 0;
541                 const PetscInt ff = f;
542                 maps->gIdx[eidx][fieldA][q] = -maps->num_reduced - 1; // gid = -(idx+1): idx = -gid - 1
543                 do {  // constraints are continous in Plex - exploit that here
544                   int ii;
545                   for (ii = 0, pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale = 0; ii < maps->num_face; ii++) { // DMPlex puts them all together
546                     if (ff + ii < numindices) {
547                       pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale += PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + ff + ii]);
548                     }
549                   }
550                   sum += pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale;
551                   if (pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale == 0) pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = -1; // 3D has Q and Q^2 interps -- all contiguous???
552                   else                                             pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = indices[f];
553                 } while (++jj < maps->num_face && ++f < numindices); // jj is incremented if we hit the end
554                 while (jj++ < maps->num_face) {
555                   pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale = 0;
556                   pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = -1;
557                 }
558                 if (PetscAbs(sum-1.0) > 10*PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) { // debug
559                   int       d,f;
560                   PetscReal tmp = 0;
561                   PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"\t\t%D.%D.%D) ERROR total I = %22.16e (LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE=%d, #face=%D)\n",eidx,q,fieldA,sum,LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE,maps->num_face);
562                   for (d = 0, tmp = 0; d < numindices; ++d) {
563                     if (tmp!=0 && PetscAbs(tmp-1.0) > 10*PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"%3D) %3D: ",d,indices[d]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
564                     for (f = 0; f < numindices; ++f) {
565                       tmp += PetscRealPart(elMat[d*numindices + f]);
566                     }
567                     if (tmp!=0) ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm," | %22.16e\n",tmp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
568                   }
569                 }
570                 maps->num_reduced++;
571                 if (maps->num_reduced>=MAP_BF_SIZE) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "maps->num_reduced %d > %d",maps->num_reduced,MAP_BF_SIZE);
572               }
573               break;
574             }
575           }
576           // cleanup
577           ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(ctx->plex, section, globsection, ej, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
578           if (elMat != valuesOrig) {ierr = DMRestoreWorkArray(ctx->plex, numindices*numindices, MPIU_SCALAR, &elMat);}
579         }
580       }
581     }
582     // allocate and copy point datamaps->gIdx[eidx][field][q] -- for CPU version of this code, for debugging
583     ierr = PetscMalloc(maps->num_reduced * sizeof *maps->c_maps, &maps->c_maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
584     for (ej = 0; ej < maps->num_reduced; ++ej) {
585       for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; ++q) {
586         maps->c_maps[ej][q].scale = pointMaps[ej][q].scale;
587         maps->c_maps[ej][q].gid = pointMaps[ej][q].gid;
588       }
589     }
590 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
591     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
592       ierr = LandauKokkosCreateMatMaps(maps, pointMaps,Nf,Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr); // imples Kokkos does
593     } // else could be CUDA
594 #endif
595 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
596     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
597       ierr = LandauCUDACreateMatMaps(maps, pointMaps,Nf,Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr);
598     }
599 #endif
600 
601     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[2],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
602   }
603   /* clean up */
604   if (IPf) {
605     ierr = PetscFree(IPf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
606   }
607   if (xdata) {
608     ierr = VecRestoreArrayReadAndMemType(a_X,&xdata);CHKERRQ(ierr);
609   }
610 
611   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
612 }
613 
614 #if defined(LANDAU_ADD_BCS)
615 static void zero_bc(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
616                     const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
617                     const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
618                     PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[], PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar uexact[])
619 {
620   uexact[0] = 0;
621 }
622 #endif
623 
624 #define MATVEC2(__a,__x,__p) {int i,j; for (i=0.; i<2; i++) {__p[i] = 0; for (j=0.; j<2; j++) __p[i] += __a[i][j]*__x[j]; }}
625 static void CircleInflate(PetscReal r1, PetscReal r2, PetscReal r0, PetscInt num_sections, PetscReal x, PetscReal y,
626                           PetscReal *outX, PetscReal *outY)
627 {
628   PetscReal rr = PetscSqrtReal(x*x + y*y), outfact, efact;
629   if (rr < r1 + PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
630     *outX = x; *outY = y;
631   } else {
632     const PetscReal xy[2] = {x,y}, sinphi=y/rr, cosphi=x/rr;
633     PetscReal       cth,sth,xyprime[2],Rth[2][2],rotcos,newrr;
634     if (num_sections==2) {
635       rotcos = 0.70710678118654;
636       outfact = 1.5; efact = 2.5;
637       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/4,pi/4) */
638       if (sinphi >= 0.) {         /* top cell, -pi/2 */
639         cth = 0.707106781186548; sth = -0.707106781186548;
640       } else {                    /* bottom cell -pi/8 */
641         cth = 0.707106781186548; sth = .707106781186548;
642       }
643     } else if (num_sections==3) {
644       rotcos = 0.86602540378443;
645       outfact = 1.5; efact = 2.5;
646       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/6,pi/6) */
647       if (sinphi >= 0.5) {         /* top cell, -pi/3 */
648         cth = 0.5; sth = -0.866025403784439;
649       } else if (sinphi >= -.5) {  /* mid cell 0 */
650         cth = 1.; sth = .0;
651       } else { /* bottom cell +pi/3 */
652         cth = 0.5; sth = 0.866025403784439;
653       }
654     } else if (num_sections==4) {
655       rotcos = 0.9238795325112;
656       outfact = 1.5; efact = 3;
657       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/8,pi/8) */
658       if (sinphi >= 0.707106781186548) {         /* top cell, -3pi/8 */
659         cth = 0.38268343236509; sth = -0.923879532511287;
660       } else if (sinphi >= 0.) {                 /* mid top cell -pi/8 */
661         cth = 0.923879532511287; sth = -.38268343236509;
662       } else if (sinphi >= -0.707106781186548) { /* mid bottom cell + pi/8 */
663         cth = 0.923879532511287; sth = 0.38268343236509;
664       } else {                                   /* bottom cell + 3pi/8 */
665         cth = 0.38268343236509; sth = .923879532511287;
666       }
667     } else {
668       cth = 0.; sth = 0.; rotcos = 0; efact = 0;
669     }
670     Rth[0][0] = cth; Rth[0][1] =-sth;
671     Rth[1][0] = sth; Rth[1][1] = cth;
672     MATVEC2(Rth,xy,xyprime);
673     if (num_sections==2) {
674       newrr = xyprime[0]/rotcos;
675     } else {
676       PetscReal newcosphi=xyprime[0]/rr, rin = r1, rout = rr - rin;
677       PetscReal routmax = r0*rotcos/newcosphi - rin, nroutmax = r0 - rin, routfrac = rout/routmax;
678       newrr = rin + routfrac*nroutmax;
679     }
680     *outX = cosphi*newrr; *outY = sinphi*newrr;
681     /* grade */
682     PetscReal fact,tt,rs,re, rr = PetscSqrtReal(PetscSqr(*outX) + PetscSqr(*outY));
683     if (rr > r2) { rs = r2; re = r0; fact = outfact;} /* outer zone */
684     else {         rs = r1; re = r2; fact = efact;} /* electron zone */
685     tt = (rs + PetscPowReal((rr - rs)/(re - rs),fact) * (re-rs)) / rr;
686     *outX *= tt;
687     *outY *= tt;
688   }
689 }
690 
691 static PetscErrorCode GeometryDMLandau(DM base, PetscInt point, PetscInt dim, const PetscReal abc[], PetscReal xyz[], void *a_ctx)
692 {
693   LandauCtx   *ctx = (LandauCtx*)a_ctx;
694   PetscReal   r = abc[0], z = abc[1];
695   if (ctx->inflate) {
696     PetscReal absR, absZ;
697     absR = PetscAbs(r);
698     absZ = PetscAbs(z);
699     CircleInflate(ctx->i_radius,ctx->e_radius,ctx->radius,ctx->num_sections,absR,absZ,&absR,&absZ);
700     r = (r > 0) ? absR : -absR;
701     z = (z > 0) ? absZ : -absZ;
702   }
703   xyz[0] = r;
704   xyz[1] = z;
705   if (dim==3) xyz[2] = abc[2];
706 
707   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
708 }
709 
710 static PetscErrorCode ErrorIndicator_Simple(PetscInt dim, PetscReal volume, PetscReal x[], PetscInt Nc, const PetscInt Nf[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_x[], PetscReal *error, void *actx)
711 {
712   PetscReal err = 0.0;
713   PetscInt  f = *(PetscInt*)actx, j;
714   PetscFunctionBegin;
715   for (j = 0; j < dim; ++j) {
716     err += PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(u_x[f*dim+j]));
717   }
718   err = PetscRealPart(u[f]); /* just use rho */
719   *error = volume * err; /* * (ctx->axisymmetric ? 2.*PETSC_PI * r : 1); */
720   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
721 }
722 
723 static PetscErrorCode LandauDMCreateVMesh(MPI_Comm comm, const PetscInt dim, const char prefix[], LandauCtx *ctx, DM *dm)
724 {
725   PetscErrorCode ierr;
726   PetscReal      radius = ctx->radius;
727   size_t         len;
728   char           fname[128] = ""; /* we can add a file if we want */
729 
730   PetscFunctionBegin;
731   /* create DM */
732   ierr = PetscStrlen(fname, &len);CHKERRQ(ierr);
733   if (len) {
734     PetscInt dim2;
735     ierr = DMPlexCreateFromFile(comm, fname, ctx->interpolate, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
736     ierr = DMGetDimension(*dm, &dim2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
737     if (LANDAU_DIM != dim2) SETERRQ2(comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "dim %D != LANDAU_DIM %d",dim2,LANDAU_DIM);
738   } else {    /* p4est, quads */
739     /* Create plex mesh of Landau domain */
740     if (!ctx->sphere) {
741       PetscInt       cells[] = {2,2,2};
742       PetscReal      lo[] = {-radius,-radius,-radius}, hi[] = {radius,radius,radius};
743       DMBoundaryType periodicity[3] = {DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, dim==2 ? DM_BOUNDARY_NONE : DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, DM_BOUNDARY_NONE};
744       if (dim==2) { lo[0] = 0; cells[0] = 1; }
745       ierr = DMPlexCreateBoxMesh(comm, dim, PETSC_FALSE, cells, lo, hi, periodicity, PETSC_TRUE, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
746       ierr = DMLocalizeCoordinates(*dm);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* needed for periodic */
747       if (dim==3) {ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "cube");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
748       else {ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "half-plane");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
749     } else if (dim==2) {
750       PetscInt       numCells,cells[16][4],i,j;
751       PetscInt       numVerts;
752       PetscReal      inner_radius1 = ctx->i_radius, inner_radius2 = ctx->e_radius;
753       PetscReal      *flatCoords = NULL;
754       PetscInt       *flatCells = NULL, *pcell;
755       if (ctx->num_sections==2) {
756 #if 1
757         numCells = 5;
758         numVerts = 10;
759         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,4,3},
760                             {1,2,5,4},
761                             {3,4,7,6},
762                             {4,5,8,7},
763                             {6,7,8,9} };
764         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
765         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
766         {
767           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
768           for (j = 0; j < numVerts-1; j++) {
769             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%3) * PETSC_PI/2;
770             PetscReal rad = (j >= 6) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 3) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
771             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
772             coords[j][1] = z;
773             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
774             coords[j][0] = r;
775           }
776           coords[numVerts-1][0] = coords[numVerts-1][1] = 0;
777         }
778 #else
779         numCells = 4;
780         numVerts = 8;
781         static int     cells2[][4] = {{0,1,2,3},
782                                       {4,5,1,0},
783                                       {5,6,2,1},
784                                       {6,7,3,2}};
785         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
786         ierr = loc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
787         {
788           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
789           PetscInt j;
790           for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
791             PetscReal z, r;
792             PetscReal theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%4) * PETSC_PI/3.;
793             PetscReal rad = ctx->radius * ((j < 4) ? 0.5 : 1.0);
794             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
795             coords[j][1] = z;
796             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
797             coords[j][0] = r;
798           }
799         }
800 #endif
801       } else if (ctx->num_sections==3) {
802         numCells = 7;
803         numVerts = 12;
804         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,5,4},
805                             {1,2,6,5},
806                             {2,3,7,6},
807                             {4,5,9,8},
808                             {5,6,10,9},
809                             {6,7,11,10},
810                             {8,9,10,11} };
811         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
812         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
813         {
814           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
815           for (j = 0; j < numVerts; j++) {
816             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%4) * PETSC_PI/3;
817             PetscReal rad = (j >= 8) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 4) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
818             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
819             coords[j][1] = z;
820             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
821             coords[j][0] = r;
822           }
823         }
824       } else if (ctx->num_sections==4) {
825         numCells = 10;
826         numVerts = 16;
827         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,6,5},
828                             {1,2,7,6},
829                             {2,3,8,7},
830                             {3,4,9,8},
831                             {5,6,11,10},
832                             {6,7,12,11},
833                             {7,8,13,12},
834                             {8,9,14,13},
835                             {10,11,12,15},
836                             {12,13,14,15}};
837         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
838         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
839         {
840           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
841           for (j = 0; j < numVerts-1; j++) {
842             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%5) * PETSC_PI/4;
843             PetscReal rad = (j >= 10) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 5) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
844             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
845             coords[j][1] = z;
846             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
847             coords[j][0] = r;
848           }
849           coords[numVerts-1][0] = coords[numVerts-1][1] = 0;
850         }
851       } else {
852         numCells = 0;
853         numVerts = 0;
854       }
855       for (j = 0, pcell = flatCells; j < numCells; j++, pcell += 4) {
856         pcell[0] = cells[j][0]; pcell[1] = cells[j][1];
857         pcell[2] = cells[j][2]; pcell[3] = cells[j][3];
858       }
859       ierr = DMPlexCreateFromCellListPetsc(comm,2,numCells,numVerts,4,ctx->interpolate,flatCells,2,flatCoords,dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
860       ierr = PetscFree2(flatCoords,flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
861       ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "semi-circle");CHKERRQ(ierr);
862     } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Velocity space meshes does not support cubed sphere");
863   }
864   ierr = PetscObjectSetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)*dm,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
865 
866   ierr = DMSetFromOptions(*dm);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* Plex refine */
867 
868   { /* p4est? */
869     char      convType[256];
870     PetscBool flg;
871     ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(ctx->comm, prefix, "Mesh conversion options", "DMPLEX");CHKERRQ(ierr);
872     ierr = PetscOptionsFList("-dm_landau_type","Convert DMPlex to another format (should not be Plex!)","plexland.c",DMList,DMPLEX,convType,256,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
873     ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();
874     if (flg) {
875       DM dmforest;
876       ierr = DMConvert(*dm,convType,&dmforest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
877       if (dmforest) {
878         PetscBool isForest;
879         if (dmforest->prealloc_only != (*dm)->prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only");
880         ierr = PetscObjectSetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)dmforest,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
881         ierr = DMIsForest(dmforest,&isForest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
882         if (isForest) {
883           if (ctx->sphere && ctx->inflate) {
884             ierr = DMForestSetBaseCoordinateMapping(dmforest,GeometryDMLandau,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
885           }
886           if (dmforest->prealloc_only != (*dm)->prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only");
887           ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
888           *dm = dmforest;
889           ctx->errorIndicator = ErrorIndicator_Simple; /* flag for Forest */
890         } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_USER, "Converted to non Forest?");
891       } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_USER, "Convert failed?");
892     }
893   }
894   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "Mesh");CHKERRQ(ierr);
895   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
896 }
897 
898 static PetscErrorCode SetupDS(DM dm, PetscInt dim, LandauCtx *ctx)
899 {
900   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
901   PetscInt        ii;
902   PetscFunctionBegin;
903   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
904     char     buf[256];
905     if (ii==0) ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "e");
906     else {ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "i%D", ii);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
907     /* Setup Discretization - FEM */
908     ierr = PetscFECreateDefault(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), dim, 1, PETSC_FALSE, NULL, PETSC_DECIDE, &ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
909     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) ctx->fe[ii], buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
910     ierr = DMSetField(dm, ii, NULL, (PetscObject) ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
911   }
912   ierr = DMCreateDS(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
913   if (1) {
914     PetscInt        ii;
915     PetscSection    section;
916     ierr = DMGetSection(dm, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
917     for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
918       char buf[256];
919       if (ii==0) ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "se");
920       else ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "si%D", ii);
921       ierr = PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, ii, 0, buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
922     }
923   }
924   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
925 }
926 
927 /* Define a Maxwellian function for testing out the operator. */
928 
929 /* Using cartesian velocity space coordinates, the particle */
930 /* density, [1/m^3], is defined according to */
931 
932 /* $$ n=\int_{R^3} dv^3 \left(\frac{m}{2\pi T}\right)^{3/2}\exp [- mv^2/(2T)] $$ */
933 
934 /* Using some constant, c, we normalize the velocity vector into a */
935 /* dimensionless variable according to v=c*x. Thus the density, $n$, becomes */
936 
937 /* $$ n=\int_{R^3} dx^3 \left(\frac{mc^2}{2\pi T}\right)^{3/2}\exp [- mc^2/(2T)*x^2] $$ */
938 
939 /* Defining $\theta=2T/mc^2$, we thus find that the probability density */
940 /* for finding the particle within the interval in a box dx^3 around x is */
941 
942 /* f(x;\theta)=\left(\frac{1}{\pi\theta}\right)^{3/2} \exp [ -x^2/\theta ] */
943 
944 typedef struct {
945   LandauCtx   *ctx;
946   PetscReal kT_m;
947   PetscReal n;
948   PetscReal shift;
949 } MaxwellianCtx;
950 
951 static PetscErrorCode maxwellian(PetscInt dim, PetscReal time, const PetscReal x[], PetscInt Nf_dummy, PetscScalar *u, void *actx)
952 {
953   MaxwellianCtx *mctx = (MaxwellianCtx*)actx;
954   LandauCtx     *ctx = mctx->ctx;
955   PetscInt      i;
956   PetscReal     v2 = 0, theta = 2*mctx->kT_m/(ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0); /* theta = 2kT/mc^2 */
957   PetscFunctionBegin;
958   /* compute the exponents, v^2 */
959   for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) v2 += x[i]*x[i];
960   /* evaluate the Maxwellian */
961   u[0] = mctx->n*PetscPowReal(PETSC_PI*theta,-1.5)*(PetscExpReal(-v2/theta));
962   if (mctx->shift!=0.) {
963     v2 = 0;
964     for (i = 0; i < dim-1; ++i) v2 += x[i]*x[i];
965     v2 += (x[dim-1]-mctx->shift)*(x[dim-1]-mctx->shift);
966     /* evaluate the shifted Maxwellian */
967     u[0] += mctx->n*PetscPowReal(PETSC_PI*theta,-1.5)*(PetscExpReal(-v2/theta));
968   }
969   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
970 }
971 
972 /*@
973  LandauAddMaxwellians - Add a Maxwellian distribution to a state
974 
975  Collective on X
976 
977  Input Parameters:
978  .   dm - The mesh
979  +   time - Current time
980  -   temps - Temperatures of each species
981  .   ns - Number density of each species
982  +   actx - Landau context
983 
984  Output Parameter:
985  .   X  - The state
986 
987  Level: beginner
988 
989  .keywords: mesh
990  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
991  @*/
992 PetscErrorCode LandauAddMaxwellians(DM dm, Vec X, PetscReal time, PetscReal temps[], PetscReal ns[], void *actx)
993 {
994   LandauCtx      *ctx = (LandauCtx*)actx;
995   PetscErrorCode (*initu[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES])(PetscInt, PetscReal, const PetscReal [], PetscInt, PetscScalar [], void *);
996   PetscErrorCode ierr,ii;
997   PetscInt       dim;
998   MaxwellianCtx  *mctxs[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], data[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
999 
1000   PetscFunctionBegin;
1001   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1002   if (!ctx) { ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
1003   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1004     mctxs[ii] = &data[ii];
1005     data[ii].ctx = ctx;
1006     data[ii].kT_m = ctx->k*temps[ii]/ctx->masses[ii]; /* kT/m */
1007     data[ii].n = ns[ii];
1008     initu[ii] = maxwellian;
1009     data[ii].shift = 0;
1010   }
1011   data[0].shift = ctx->electronShift;
1012   /* need to make ADD_ALL_VALUES work - TODO */
1013   ierr = DMProjectFunction(dm, time, initu, (void**)mctxs, INSERT_ALL_VALUES, X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1014   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1015 }
1016 
1017 /*
1018  LandauSetInitialCondition - Addes Maxwellians with context
1019 
1020  Collective on X
1021 
1022  Input Parameters:
1023  .   dm - The mesh
1024  +   actx - Landau context with T and n
1025 
1026  Output Parameter:
1027  .   X  - The state
1028 
1029  Level: beginner
1030 
1031  .keywords: mesh
1032  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauAddMaxwellians()
1033  */
1034 static PetscErrorCode LandauSetInitialCondition(DM dm, Vec X, void *actx)
1035 {
1036   LandauCtx        *ctx = (LandauCtx*)actx;
1037   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1038   PetscFunctionBegin;
1039   if (!ctx) { ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
1040   ierr = VecZeroEntries(X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1041   ierr = LandauAddMaxwellians(dm, X, 0.0, ctx->thermal_temps, ctx->n, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1042   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1043 }
1044 
1045 static PetscErrorCode adaptToleranceFEM(PetscFE fem, Vec sol, PetscReal refineTol[], PetscReal coarsenTol[], PetscInt type, LandauCtx *ctx, DM *newDM)
1046 {
1047   DM               dm, plex, adaptedDM = NULL;
1048   PetscDS          prob;
1049   PetscBool        isForest;
1050   PetscQuadrature  quad;
1051   PetscInt         Nq, *Nb, cStart, cEnd, c, dim, qj, k;
1052   DMLabel          adaptLabel = NULL;
1053   PetscErrorCode   ierr;
1054 
1055   PetscFunctionBegin;
1056   ierr = VecGetDM(sol, &dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1057   ierr = DMCreateDS(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1058   ierr = DMGetDS(dm, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1059   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1060   ierr = DMIsForest(dm, &isForest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1061   ierr = DMConvert(dm, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1062   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1063   ierr = DMLabelCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"adapt",&adaptLabel);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1064   ierr = PetscFEGetQuadrature(fem, &quad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1065   ierr = PetscQuadratureGetData(quad, NULL, NULL, &Nq, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1066   if (Nq >LANDAU_MAX_NQ) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"Order too high. Nq = %D > LANDAU_MAX_NQ (%D)",Nq,LANDAU_MAX_NQ);
1067   ierr = PetscDSGetDimensions(prob, &Nb);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1068   if (type==4) {
1069     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1070       ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, c, DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1071     }
1072     ierr = PetscInfo1(sol, "Phase:%s: Uniform refinement\n","adaptToleranceFEM");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1073   } else if (type==2) {
1074     PetscInt  rCellIdx[8], eCellIdx[64], iCellIdx[64], eMaxIdx = -1, iMaxIdx = -1, nr = 0, nrmax = (dim==3) ? 8 : 2;
1075     PetscReal minRad = PETSC_INFINITY, r, eMinRad = PETSC_INFINITY, iMinRad = PETSC_INFINITY;
1076     for (c = 0; c < 64; c++) { eCellIdx[c] = iCellIdx[c] = -1; }
1077     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1078       PetscReal    tt, v0[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*3], detJ[LANDAU_MAX_NQ];
1079       ierr = DMPlexComputeCellGeometryFEM(plex, c, quad, v0, NULL, NULL, detJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1080       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
1081         tt = PetscSqr(v0[dim*qj+0]) + PetscSqr(v0[dim*qj+1]) + PetscSqr(((dim==3) ? v0[dim*qj+2] : 0));
1082         r = PetscSqrtReal(tt);
1083         if (r < minRad - PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) {
1084           minRad = r;
1085           nr = 0;
1086           rCellIdx[nr++]= c;
1087           ierr = PetscInfo4(sol, "\t\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM Found first inner r=%e, cell %D, qp %D/%D\n", r, c, qj+1, Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1088         } else if ((r-minRad) < PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*100. && nr < nrmax) {
1089           for (k=0;k<nr;k++) if (c == rCellIdx[k]) break;
1090           if (k==nr) {
1091             rCellIdx[nr++]= c;
1092             ierr = PetscInfo5(sol, "\t\t\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM Found another inner r=%e, cell %D, qp %D/%D, d=%e\n", r, c, qj+1, Nq, r-minRad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1093           }
1094         }
1095         if (ctx->sphere) {
1096           if ((tt=r-ctx->e_radius) > 0) {
1097             PetscInfo2(sol, "\t\t\t %D cell r=%g\n",c,tt);
1098             if (tt < eMinRad - PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*100.) {
1099               eMinRad = tt;
1100               eMaxIdx = 0;
1101               eCellIdx[eMaxIdx++] = c;
1102             } else if (eMaxIdx > 0 && (tt-eMinRad) <= PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON && c != eCellIdx[eMaxIdx-1]) {
1103               eCellIdx[eMaxIdx++] = c;
1104             }
1105           }
1106           if ((tt=r-ctx->i_radius) > 0) {
1107             if (tt < iMinRad - 1.e-5) {
1108               iMinRad = tt;
1109               iMaxIdx = 0;
1110               iCellIdx[iMaxIdx++] = c;
1111             } else if (iMaxIdx > 0 && (tt-iMinRad) <= PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON && c != iCellIdx[iMaxIdx-1]) {
1112               iCellIdx[iMaxIdx++] = c;
1113             }
1114           }
1115         }
1116       }
1117     }
1118     for (k=0;k<nr;k++) {
1119       ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, rCellIdx[k], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1120     }
1121     if (ctx->sphere) {
1122       for (c = 0; c < eMaxIdx; c++) {
1123         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, eCellIdx[c], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1124         ierr = PetscInfo3(sol, "\t\tPhase:%s: refine sphere e cell %D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",eCellIdx[c],eMinRad);
1125       }
1126       for (c = 0; c < iMaxIdx; c++) {
1127         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, iCellIdx[c], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1128         ierr = PetscInfo3(sol, "\t\tPhase:%s: refine sphere i cell %D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",iCellIdx[c],iMinRad);
1129       }
1130     }
1131     ierr = PetscInfo4(sol, "Phase:%s: Adaptive refine origin cells %D,%D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",rCellIdx[0],rCellIdx[1],minRad);
1132   } else if (type==0 || type==1 || type==3) { /* refine along r=0 axis */
1133     PetscScalar  *coef = NULL;
1134     Vec          coords;
1135     PetscInt     csize,Nv,d,nz;
1136     DM           cdm;
1137     PetscSection cs;
1138     ierr = DMGetCoordinatesLocal(dm, &coords);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1139     ierr = DMGetCoordinateDM(dm, &cdm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1140     ierr = DMGetLocalSection(cdm, &cs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1141     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1142       PetscInt doit = 0, outside = 0;
1143       ierr = DMPlexVecGetClosure(cdm, cs, coords, c, &csize, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1144       Nv = csize/dim;
1145       for (nz = d = 0; d < Nv; d++) {
1146         PetscReal z = PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + (dim-1)]), x = PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + 0])) + ((dim==3) ? PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + 1])) : 0);
1147         x = PetscSqrtReal(x);
1148         if (x < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10. && PetscAbs(z)<PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) doit = 1;             /* refine origin */
1149         else if (type==0 && (z < -PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10. || z > ctx->re_radius+PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.)) outside++;   /* first pass don't refine bottom */
1150         else if (type==1 && (z > ctx->vperp0_radius1 || z < -ctx->vperp0_radius1)) outside++; /* don't refine outside electron refine radius */
1151         else if (type==3 && (z > ctx->vperp0_radius2 || z < -ctx->vperp0_radius2)) outside++; /* don't refine outside ion refine radius */
1152         if (x < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) nz++;
1153       }
1154       ierr = DMPlexVecRestoreClosure(cdm, cs, coords, c, &csize, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1155       if (doit || (outside<Nv && nz)) {
1156         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, c, DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1157       }
1158     }
1159     ierr = PetscInfo1(sol, "Phase:%s: RE refinement\n","adaptToleranceFEM");
1160   }
1161   ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1162   ierr = DMAdaptLabel(dm, adaptLabel, &adaptedDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1163   ierr = DMLabelDestroy(&adaptLabel);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1164   *newDM = adaptedDM;
1165   if (adaptedDM) {
1166     if (isForest) {
1167       ierr = DMForestSetAdaptivityForest(adaptedDM,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1168     }
1169     ierr = DMConvert(adaptedDM, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1170     ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1171     ierr = PetscInfo2(sol, "\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM: %D cells, %d total quadrature points\n",cEnd-cStart,Nq*(cEnd-cStart));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1172     ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1173   }
1174   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1175 }
1176 
1177 static PetscErrorCode adapt(DM *dm, LandauCtx *ctx, Vec *uu)
1178 {
1179   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1180   PetscInt        type, limits[5] = {ctx->numRERefine,ctx->nZRefine1,ctx->maxRefIts,ctx->nZRefine2,ctx->postAMRRefine};
1181   PetscInt        adaptIter;
1182 
1183   PetscFunctionBegin;
1184   for (type=0;type<5;type++) {
1185     for (adaptIter = 0; adaptIter<limits[type];adaptIter++) {
1186       DM  dmNew = NULL;
1187       ierr = adaptToleranceFEM(ctx->fe[0], *uu, ctx->refineTol, ctx->coarsenTol, type, ctx, &dmNew);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1188       if (!dmNew) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"should not happen");
1189       else {
1190         ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1191         ierr = VecDestroy(uu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1192         ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(dmNew,uu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1193         ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *uu, "u");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1194         ierr = LandauSetInitialCondition(dmNew, *uu, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1195         *dm = dmNew;
1196       }
1197     }
1198   }
1199   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1200 }
1201 
1202 static PetscErrorCode ProcessOptions(LandauCtx *ctx, const char prefix[])
1203 {
1204   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
1205   PetscBool         flg, sph_flg;
1206   PetscInt          ii,nt,nm,nc;
1207   DM                dummy;
1208 
1209   PetscFunctionBegin;
1210   ierr = DMCreate(ctx->comm,&dummy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1211   /* get options - initialize context */
1212   ctx->verbose = 1;
1213   ctx->interpolate = PETSC_TRUE;
1214   ctx->gpu_assembly = PETSC_TRUE;
1215   ctx->sphere = PETSC_FALSE;
1216   ctx->inflate = PETSC_FALSE;
1217   ctx->electronShift = 0;
1218   ctx->errorIndicator = NULL;
1219   ctx->radius = 5.; /* electron thermal radius (velocity) */
1220   ctx->re_radius = 0.;
1221   ctx->vperp0_radius1 = 0;
1222   ctx->vperp0_radius2 = 0;
1223   ctx->e_radius = .1;
1224   ctx->i_radius = .01;
1225   ctx->maxRefIts = 5;
1226   ctx->postAMRRefine = 0;
1227   ctx->nZRefine1 = 0;
1228   ctx->nZRefine2 = 0;
1229   ctx->numRERefine = 0;
1230   ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_FALSE;
1231   ctx->num_sections = 3; /* 2, 3 or 4 */
1232   /* species - [0] electrons, [1] one ion species eg, duetarium, [2] heavy impurity ion, ... */
1233   ctx->charges[0] = -1;  /* electron charge (MKS) */
1234   ctx->masses[0] = 1/1835.5; /* temporary value in proton mass */
1235   ctx->n[0] = 1;
1236   ctx->thermal_temps[0] = 1;
1237   /* constants, etc. */
1238   ctx->epsilon0 = 8.8542e-12; /* permittivity of free space (MKS) F/m */
1239   ctx->k = 1.38064852e-23; /* Boltzmann constant (MKS) J/K */
1240   ctx->lnLam = 10;         /* cross section ratio large - small angle collisions */
1241   ctx->n_0 = 1.e20;        /* typical plasma n, but could set it to 1 */
1242   ctx->Ez = 0;
1243   ctx->v_0 = 1; /* in electron thermal velocity */
1244   ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 1; /* for device and maybe OMP */
1245   ctx->numConcurrency = 1; /* for device */
1246   ctx->SData_d = NULL;     /* for device */
1247   ctx->times[0] = 0;
1248   ctx->init = PETSC_FALSE; // doit first time
1249   ctx->use_matrix_mass = PETSC_FALSE; /* fast but slightly fragile */
1250   ctx->plex = NULL;     /* cache as expensive to Convert */
1251   ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(ctx->comm, prefix, "Options for Fokker-Plank-Landau collision operator", "none");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1252   {
1253     char opstring[256];
1254 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1255     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_KOKKOS;
1256     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"kokkos");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1257 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1258     ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 16;
1259 #endif
1260 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1261     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CUDA;
1262     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"cuda");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1263 #else
1264     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CPU;
1265     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"cpu");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1266     ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1267 #endif
1268     ierr = PetscOptionsString("-dm_landau_device_type","Use kernels on 'cpu', 'cuda', or 'kokkos'","plexland.c",opstring,opstring,256,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1269     ierr = PetscStrcmp("cpu",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1270     if (flg) {
1271       ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CPU;
1272       ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1273     } else {
1274       ierr = PetscStrcmp("cuda",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1275       if (flg) {
1276         ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CUDA;
1277         ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1278       } else {
1279         ierr = PetscStrcmp("kokkos",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1280         if (flg) ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_KOKKOS;
1281         else SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-dm_landau_device_type %s",opstring);
1282       }
1283     }
1284   }
1285   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_gpu_assembly", "Assemble Jacobian on GPU", "plexland.c", ctx->gpu_assembly, &ctx->gpu_assembly, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1286   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_electron_shift","Shift in thermal velocity of electrons","none",ctx->electronShift,&ctx->electronShift, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1287   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_sphere", "use sphere/semi-circle domain instead of rectangle", "plexland.c", ctx->sphere, &ctx->sphere, &sph_flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1288   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_inflate", "With sphere, inflate for curved edges (no AMR)", "plexland.c", ctx->inflate, &ctx->inflate, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1289   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_re_levels", "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0, z>0", "plexland.c", ctx->numRERefine, &ctx->numRERefine, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1290   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_z_refine1",  "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0", "plexland.c", ctx->nZRefine1, &ctx->nZRefine1, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1291   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_z_refine2",  "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0", "plexland.c", ctx->nZRefine2, &ctx->nZRefine2, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1292   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_levels_max", "Number of AMR levels of refinement around origin after r=0 refinements", "plexland.c", ctx->maxRefIts, &ctx->maxRefIts, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1293   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_post_refine", "Number of levels to uniformly refine after AMR", "plexland.c", ctx->postAMRRefine, &ctx->postAMRRefine, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1294   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_verbose", "", "plexland.c", ctx->verbose, &ctx->verbose, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1295   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_re_radius","velocity range to refine on positive (z>0) r=0 axis for runaways","plexland.c",ctx->re_radius,&ctx->re_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1296   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_z_radius1","velocity range to refine r=0 axis (for electrons)","plexland.c",ctx->vperp0_radius1,&ctx->vperp0_radius1, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1297   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_z_radius2","velocity range to refine r=0 axis (for ions) after origin AMR","plexland.c",ctx->vperp0_radius2,&ctx->vperp0_radius2, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1298   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_Ez","Initial parallel electric field in unites of Conner-Hastie criticle field","plexland.c",ctx->Ez,&ctx->Ez, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1299   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_n_0","Normalization constant for number density","plexland.c",ctx->n_0,&ctx->n_0, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1300   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_ln_lambda","Cross section parameter","plexland.c",ctx->lnLam,&ctx->lnLam, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1301   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_num_sections", "Number of tangential section in (2D) grid, 2, 3, of 4", "plexland.c", ctx->num_sections, &ctx->num_sections, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1302   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_num_thread_teams", "The number of other concurrent runs to make room for", "plexland.c", ctx->numConcurrency, &ctx->numConcurrency, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1303   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_use_mataxpy_mass", "Use fast but slightly fragile MATAXPY to add mass term", "plexland.c", ctx->use_matrix_mass, &ctx->use_matrix_mass, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1304 
1305   /* get num species with tempurature*/
1306   {
1307     PetscReal arr[100];
1308     nt = 100;
1309     ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_thermal_temps", "Temperature of each species [e,i_0,i_1,...] in keV", "plexland.c", arr, &nt, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1310     if (flg && nt > LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-thermal_temps ,t1,t2,.. number of species %D > MAX %D",nt,LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES);
1311   }
1312   nt = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1313   for (ii=1;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) {
1314     ctx->thermal_temps[ii] = 1.;
1315     ctx->charges[ii] = 1;
1316     ctx->masses[ii] = 1;
1317     ctx->n[ii] = (ii==1) ? 1 : 0;
1318   }
1319   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_thermal_temps", "Temperature of each species [e,i_0,i_1,...] in keV (must be set to set number of species)", "plexland.c", ctx->thermal_temps, &nt, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1320   if (flg) {
1321     PetscInfo1(dummy, "num_species set to number of thermal temps provided (%D)\n",nt);
1322     ctx->num_species = nt;
1323   } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-dm_landau_thermal_temps ,t1,t2,.. must be provided to set the number of species");
1324   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->thermal_temps[ii] *= 1.1604525e7; /* convert to Kelvin */
1325   nm = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES-1;
1326   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_ion_masses", "Mass of each species in units of proton mass [i_0=2,i_1=40...]", "plexland.c", &ctx->masses[1], &nm, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1327   if (flg && nm != ctx->num_species-1) {
1328     SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"num ion masses %D != num species %D",nm,ctx->num_species-1);
1329   }
1330   nm = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1331   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_n", "Normalized (by -n_0) number density of each species", "plexland.c", ctx->n, &nm, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1332   if (flg && nm != ctx->num_species) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"wrong num n: %D != num species %D",nm,ctx->num_species);
1333   ctx->n_0 *= ctx->n[0]; /* normalized number density */
1334   for (ii=1;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->n[ii] = ctx->n[ii]/ctx->n[0];
1335   ctx->n[0] = 1;
1336   for (ii=0;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->masses[ii] *= 1.6720e-27; /* scale by proton mass kg */
1337   ctx->masses[0] = 9.10938356e-31; /* electron mass kg (should be about right already) */
1338   ctx->m_0 = ctx->masses[0]; /* arbitrary reference mass, electrons */
1339   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_v_0","Velocity to normalize with in units of initial electrons thermal velocity (not recommended to change default)","plexland.c",ctx->v_0,&ctx->v_0, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1340   ctx->v_0 *= PetscSqrtReal(ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[0]/(ctx->masses[0])); /* electron mean velocity in 1D (need 3D form in computing T from FE integral) */
1341   nc = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES-1;
1342   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_ion_charges", "Charge of each species in units of proton charge [i_0=2,i_1=18,...]", "plexland.c", &ctx->charges[1], &nc, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1343   if (flg && nc != ctx->num_species-1) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"num charges %D != num species %D",nc,ctx->num_species-1);
1344   for (ii=0;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->charges[ii] *= 1.6022e-19; /* electron/proton charge (MKS) */
1345   ctx->t_0 = 8*PETSC_PI*PetscSqr(ctx->epsilon0*ctx->m_0/PetscSqr(ctx->charges[0]))/ctx->lnLam/ctx->n_0*PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3); /* note, this t_0 makes nu[0,0]=1 */
1346   /* geometry */
1347   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->refineTol[ii]  = PETSC_MAX_REAL;
1348   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->coarsenTol[ii] = 0.;
1349   ii = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1350   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_refine_tol","tolerance for refining cells in AMR","plexland.c",ctx->refineTol, &ii, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1351   if (flg && ii != ctx->num_species) ierr = PetscInfo2(dummy, "Phase: Warning, #refine_tol %D != num_species %D\n",ii,ctx->num_species);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1352   ii = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1353   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_coarsen_tol","tolerance for coarsening cells in AMR","plexland.c",ctx->coarsenTol, &ii, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1354   if (flg && ii != ctx->num_species) ierr = PetscInfo2(dummy, "Phase: Warning, #coarsen_tol %D != num_species %D\n",ii,ctx->num_species);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1355   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_domain_radius","Phase space size in units of electron thermal velocity","plexland.c",ctx->radius,&ctx->radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1356   if (flg && ctx->radius <= 0) { /* negative is ratio of c */
1357     if (ctx->radius == 0) ctx->radius = 0.75;
1358     else ctx->radius = -ctx->radius;
1359     ctx->radius = ctx->radius*299792458.0/ctx->v_0;
1360     ierr = PetscInfo1(dummy, "Change domain radius to %e\n",ctx->radius);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1361   }
1362   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_i_radius","Ion thermal velocity, used for circular meshes","plexland.c",ctx->i_radius,&ctx->i_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1363   if (flg && !sph_flg) ctx->sphere = PETSC_TRUE; /* you gave me an ion radius but did not set sphere, user error really */
1364   if (!flg) {
1365     ctx->i_radius = 1.5*PetscSqrtReal(8*ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[1]/ctx->masses[1]/PETSC_PI)/ctx->v_0; /* normalized radius with thermal velocity of first ion */
1366   }
1367   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_e_radius","Electron thermal velocity, used for circular meshes","plexland.c",ctx->e_radius,&ctx->e_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1368   if (flg && !sph_flg) ctx->sphere = PETSC_TRUE; /* you gave me an e radius but did not set sphere, user error really */
1369   if (!flg) {
1370     ctx->e_radius = 1.5*PetscSqrtReal(8*ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[0]/ctx->masses[0]/PETSC_PI)/ctx->v_0; /* normalized radius with thermal velocity of electrons */
1371   }
1372   if (ctx->sphere && (ctx->e_radius <= ctx->i_radius || ctx->radius <= ctx->e_radius)) SETERRQ3(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"bad radii: %g < %g < %g",ctx->i_radius,ctx->e_radius,ctx->radius);
1373   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_sub_thread_block_size", "Number of threads in Kokkos integration point subblock", "plexland.c", ctx->subThreadBlockSize, &ctx->subThreadBlockSize, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1374   ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();CHKERRQ(ierr);
1375   for (ii=ctx->num_species;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->masses[ii] = ctx->thermal_temps[ii]  = ctx->charges[ii] = 0;
1376   if (ctx->verbose > 0) {
1377     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "masses:        e=%10.3e; ions in proton mass units:   %10.3e %10.3e ...\n",ctx->masses[0],ctx->masses[1]/1.6720e-27,ctx->num_species>2 ? ctx->masses[2]/1.6720e-27 : 0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1378     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "charges:       e=%10.3e; charges in elementary units: %10.3e %10.3e\n", ctx->charges[0],-ctx->charges[1]/ctx->charges[0],ctx->num_species>2 ? -ctx->charges[2]/ctx->charges[0] : 0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1379     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "thermal T (K): e=%10.3e i=%10.3e imp=%10.3e. v_0=%10.3e n_0=%10.3e t_0=%10.3e domain=%10.3e\n",ctx->thermal_temps[0],ctx->thermal_temps[1],ctx->num_species>2 ? ctx->thermal_temps[2] : 0,ctx->v_0,ctx->n_0,ctx->t_0,ctx->radius);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1380   }
1381   ierr = DMDestroy(&dummy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1382   {
1383     PetscMPIInt    rank;
1384     ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(ctx->comm, &rank);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
1385     /* PetscLogStage  setup_stage; */
1386     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Operator", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[11]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 11 */
1387     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Jacobian", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 0 */
1388     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Mass", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[9]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 9 */
1389     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Preamble", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[10]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 10 */
1390     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" static IP Data", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[7]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 7 */
1391     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" dynamic IP-Jac", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[1]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 1 */
1392     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Kernel-init", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[3]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 3 */
1393     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac-f-df (GPU)", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[8]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 8 */
1394     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Kernel (GPU)", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[4]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 4 */
1395     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Copy to CPU", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[5]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 5 */
1396     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac-assemble", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[6]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 6 */
1397     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac asmbl setup", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[2]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 2 */
1398     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Other", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[13]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 13 */
1399 
1400     if (rank) { /* turn off output stuff for duplicate runs - do we need to add the prefix to all this? */
1401       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-snes_converged_reason");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1402       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ksp_converged_reason");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1403       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-snes_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1404       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ksp_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1405       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ts_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1406       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ts_adapt_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1407       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1408       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1409       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1410       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1411       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-info");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1412     }
1413   }
1414   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1415 }
1416 
1417 /*@C
1418  LandauCreateVelocitySpace - Create a DMPlex velocity space mesh
1419 
1420  Collective on comm
1421 
1422  Input Parameters:
1423  +   comm  - The MPI communicator
1424  .   dim - velocity space dimension (2 for axisymmetric, 3 for full 3X + 3V solver)
1425  -   prefix - prefix for options
1426 
1427  Output Parameter:
1428  .   dm  - The DM object representing the mesh
1429  +   X - A vector (user destroys)
1430  -   J - Optional matrix (object destroys)
1431 
1432  Level: beginner
1433 
1434  .keywords: mesh
1435  .seealso: DMPlexCreate(), LandauDestroyVelocitySpace()
1436  @*/
1437 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateVelocitySpace(MPI_Comm comm, PetscInt dim, const char prefix[], Vec *X, Mat *J, DM *dm)
1438 {
1439   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1440   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1441   PetscBool      prealloc_only,flg;
1442 
1443   PetscFunctionBegin;
1444   if (dim!=2 && dim!=3) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Only 2D and 3D supported");
1445   ierr = PetscNew(&ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1446   ctx->comm = comm; /* used for diagnostics and global errors */
1447   /* process options */
1448   ierr = ProcessOptions(ctx,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1449   /* Create Mesh */
1450   ierr = LandauDMCreateVMesh(PETSC_COMM_SELF, dim, prefix, ctx, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1451   prealloc_only = (*dm)->prealloc_only;
1452   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(*dm,NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1453   ierr = DMSetApplicationContext(*dm, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1454   /* create FEM */
1455   ierr = SetupDS(*dm,dim,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1456   /* set initial state */
1457   ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(*dm,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1458   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *X, "u");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1459   /* initial static refinement, no solve */
1460   ierr = LandauSetInitialCondition(*dm, *X, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1461   ierr = VecViewFromOptions(*X, NULL, "-dm_landau_pre_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1462   /* forest refinement */
1463   if (ctx->errorIndicator) {
1464     /* AMR */
1465     ierr = adapt(dm,ctx,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1466     if ((*dm)->prealloc_only != prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"(*dm)->prealloc_only != prealloc_only");
1467     ierr = DMViewFromOptions(*dm,NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1468     ierr = VecViewFromOptions(*X, NULL, "-dm_landau_amr_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1469   }
1470   ierr = DMSetApplicationContext(*dm, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1471   ctx->dmv = *dm;
1472   if (ctx->dmv->prealloc_only != prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"ctx->dmv->prealloc_only != prealloc_only");
1473   ierr = DMCreateMatrix(ctx->dmv, &ctx->J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1474   ierr = MatSetOption(ctx->J, MAT_IGNORE_ZERO_ENTRIES, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1475   ierr = MatSetOption(ctx->J, MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1476   if (J) *J = ctx->J;
1477   /* check for types that we need */
1478 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1479   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CPU) {
1480     ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJKOKKOS,MATMPIAIJKOKKOS,MATAIJKOKKOS,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1481   }
1482 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1483   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CPU) {
1484     ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJCUSPARSE,MATMPIAIJCUSPARSE,MATAIJCUSPARSE,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1485   }
1486 #endif
1487   if (ctx->gpu_assembly) { /* we need GPU object with GPU assembly */
1488     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
1489       ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJCUSPARSE,MATMPIAIJCUSPARSE,MATAIJCUSPARSE,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1490       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must use '-dm_mat_type aijcusparse -dm_vec_type cuda' for GPU assembly and Cuda");
1491     } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
1492       ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJKOKKOS,MATMPIAIJKOKKOS,MATAIJKOKKOS,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1493 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
1494       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must use '-dm_mat_type aijkokkos -dm_vec_type kokkos' for GPU assembly and Kokkos");
1495 #else
1496       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must configure with '--download-kokkos-kernels=1' for GPU assembly and Kokkos");
1497 #endif
1498     }
1499   }
1500   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1501 }
1502 
1503 /*@
1504  LandauDestroyVelocitySpace - Destroy a DMPlex velocity space mesh
1505 
1506  Collective on dm
1507 
1508  Input/Output Parameters:
1509  .   dm - the dm to destroy
1510 
1511  Level: beginner
1512 
1513  .keywords: mesh
1514  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1515  @*/
1516 PetscErrorCode LandauDestroyVelocitySpace(DM *dm)
1517 {
1518   PetscErrorCode ierr,ii;
1519   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1520   PetscContainer container = NULL;
1521   PetscFunctionBegin;
1522   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(*dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1523   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)ctx->J,"coloring", (PetscObject*)&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1524   if (container) {
1525     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1526   }
1527   ierr = MatDestroy(&ctx->M);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1528   ierr = MatDestroy(&ctx->J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1529   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1530     ierr = PetscFEDestroy(&ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1531   }
1532   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
1533 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1534     ierr = LandauCUDAStaticDataClear(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1535 #else
1536     SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
1537 #endif
1538   } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
1539 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1540     ierr = LandauKokkosStaticDataClear(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1541 #else
1542     SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
1543 #endif
1544   } else {
1545     if (ctx->SData_d) { /* in a CPU run */
1546       PetscReal *invJ = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->invJ, *xx = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->x, *yy = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->y, *zz = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->z, *ww = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->w, *mass_w = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->mass_w;
1547       ierr = PetscFree5(mass_w,ww,xx,yy,invJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1548       if (zz) {
1549         ierr = PetscFree(zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1550       }
1551     }
1552   }
1553   ierr = PetscFree(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1554   if (ctx->times[0] > 0) {
1555     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "Landau Operator       %d 1.0 %10.3e ....\n",10000,ctx->times[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1556   }
1557   if (ctx->plex != NULL) {
1558     ierr = DMDestroy(&ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1559   }
1560   PetscFree(ctx);
1561   ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1562   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1563 }
1564 
1565 /* < v, ru > */
1566 static void f0_s_den(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1567                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1568                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1569                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1570 {
1571   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1572   f0[0] = u[ii];
1573 }
1574 
1575 /* < v, ru > */
1576 static void f0_s_mom(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1577                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1578                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1579                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1580 {
1581   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]), jj = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[1]);
1582   f0[0] = x[jj]*u[ii]; /* x momentum */
1583 }
1584 
1585 static void f0_s_v2(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1586                     const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1587                     const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1588                     PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1589 {
1590   PetscInt i, ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1591   double tmp1 = 0.;
1592   for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) tmp1 += x[i]*x[i];
1593   f0[0] = tmp1*u[ii];
1594 }
1595 
1596 /* < v, ru > */
1597 static void f0_s_rden(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1598                       const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1599                       const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1600                       PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1601 {
1602   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1603   f0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*u[ii];
1604 }
1605 
1606 /* < v, ru > */
1607 static void f0_s_rmom(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1608                       const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1609                       const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1610                       PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1611 {
1612   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1613   f0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*x[1]*u[ii];
1614 }
1615 
1616 static void f0_s_rv2(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1617                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1618                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1619                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1620 {
1621   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1622   f0[0] =  2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*(x[0]*x[0] + x[1]*x[1])*u[ii];
1623 }
1624 
1625 /*@
1626  LandauPrintNorms - collects moments and prints them
1627 
1628  Collective on dm
1629 
1630  Input Parameters:
1631  +   X  - the state
1632  -   stepi - current step to print
1633 
1634  Level: beginner
1635 
1636  .keywords: mesh
1637  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1638  @*/
1639 PetscErrorCode LandauPrintNorms(Vec X, PetscInt stepi)
1640 {
1641   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1642   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1643   PetscDS        prob;
1644   DM             dm;
1645   PetscInt       cStart, cEnd, dim, ii;
1646   PetscScalar    xmomentumtot=0, ymomentumtot=0, zmomentumtot=0, energytot=0, densitytot=0, tt[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
1647   PetscScalar    xmomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],  ymomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],  zmomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], energy[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], density[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
1648 
1649   PetscFunctionBegin;
1650   ierr = VecGetDM(X, &dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1651   if (!dm) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no DM");
1652   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1653   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1654   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
1655   if (!ctx->plex) {
1656     ierr = DMConvert(ctx->dmv, DMPLEX, &ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1657   }
1658   ierr = DMCreateDS(ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1659   ierr = DMGetDS(ctx->plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1660   /* print momentum and energy */
1661   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1662     PetscScalar user[2] = { (PetscScalar)ii, (PetscScalar)ctx->charges[ii]};
1663     ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 2, user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1664     if (dim==2) { /* 2/3X + 3V (cylindrical coordinates) */
1665       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rden);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1666       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1667       density[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->charges[ii];
1668       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rmom);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1669       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1670       zmomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1671       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rv2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1672       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1673       energy[ii] = tt[0]*0.5*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1674       zmomentumtot += zmomentum[ii];
1675       energytot  += energy[ii];
1676       densitytot += density[ii];
1677       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "%3D) species-%D: charge density= %20.13e z-momentum= %20.13e energy= %20.13e",stepi,ii,PetscRealPart(density[ii]),PetscRealPart(zmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(energy[ii]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1678     } else { /* 2/3X + 3V */
1679       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_den);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1680       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1681       density[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->charges[ii];
1682       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_mom);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1683       user[1] = 0;
1684       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1685       xmomentum[ii]  = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1686       user[1] = 1;
1687       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1688       ymomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1689       user[1] = 2;
1690       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1691       zmomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1692       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_v2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1693       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1694       energy[ii]    = 0.5*tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1695       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "%3D) species %D: density=%20.13e, x-momentum=%20.13e, y-momentum=%20.13e, z-momentum=%20.13e, energy=%21.13e",
1696                          stepi,ii,PetscRealPart(density[ii]),PetscRealPart(xmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(ymomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(zmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(energy[ii]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1697       xmomentumtot += xmomentum[ii];
1698       ymomentumtot += ymomentum[ii];
1699       zmomentumtot += zmomentum[ii];
1700       energytot  += energy[ii];
1701       densitytot += density[ii];
1702     }
1703     if (ctx->num_species>1) PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\n");
1704   }
1705   /* totals */
1706   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(ctx->plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1707   if (ctx->num_species>1) {
1708     if (dim==2) {
1709       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\t%3D) Total: charge density=%21.13e, momentum=%21.13e, energy=%21.13e (m_i[0]/m_e = %g, %D cells)",
1710                          stepi,(double)PetscRealPart(densitytot),(double)PetscRealPart(zmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(energytot),(double)(ctx->masses[1]/ctx->masses[0]),cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1711     } else {
1712       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\t%3D) Total: charge density=%21.13e, x-momentum=%21.13e, y-momentum=%21.13e, z-momentum=%21.13e, energy=%21.13e (m_i[0]/m_e = %g, %D cells)",
1713                          stepi,(double)PetscRealPart(densitytot),(double)PetscRealPart(xmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(ymomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(zmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(energytot),(double)(ctx->masses[1]/ctx->masses[0]),cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1714     }
1715   } else {
1716     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, " -- %D cells",cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1717   }
1718   if (ctx->verbose > 1) {ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,", %D sub (vector) threads\n",ctx->subThreadBlockSize);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1719   else {ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1720   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1721 }
1722 
1723 static PetscErrorCode destroy_coloring (void *is)
1724 {
1725   ISColoring tmp = (ISColoring)is;
1726   return ISColoringDestroy(&tmp);
1727 }
1728 
1729 /*@
1730  LandauCreateColoring - create a coloring and add to matrix (Landau context used just for 'print' flag, should be in DMPlex)
1731 
1732  Collective on JacP
1733 
1734  Input Parameters:
1735  +   JacP  - matrix to add coloring to
1736  -   plex - The DM
1737 
1738  Output Parameter:
1739  .   container  - Container with coloring
1740 
1741  Level: beginner
1742 
1743  .keywords: mesh
1744  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1745  @*/
1746 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateColoring(Mat JacP, DM plex, PetscContainer *container)
1747 {
1748   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1749   PetscInt        dim,cell,i,ej,nc,Nv,totDim,numGCells,cStart,cEnd;
1750   ISColoring      iscoloring = NULL;
1751   Mat             G,Q;
1752   PetscScalar     ones[128];
1753   MatColoring     mc;
1754   IS             *is;
1755   PetscInt        csize,colour,j,k;
1756   const PetscInt *indices;
1757   PetscInt       numComp[1];
1758   PetscInt       numDof[4];
1759   PetscFE        fe;
1760   DM             colordm;
1761   PetscSection   csection, section, globalSection;
1762   PetscDS        prob;
1763   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1764 
1765   PetscFunctionBegin;
1766   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(plex, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1767   ierr = DMGetLocalSection(plex, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1768   ierr = DMGetGlobalSection(plex, &globalSection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1769   ierr = DMGetDimension(plex, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1770   ierr = DMGetDS(plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1771   ierr = PetscDSGetTotalDimension(prob, &totDim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1772   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1773   numGCells = cEnd - cStart;
1774   /* create cell centered DM */
1775   ierr = DMClone(plex, &colordm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1776   ierr = PetscFECreateDefault(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) plex), dim, 1, PETSC_FALSE, "color_", PETSC_DECIDE, &fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1777   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) fe, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1778   ierr = DMSetField(colordm, 0, NULL, (PetscObject)fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1779   ierr = PetscFEDestroy(&fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1780   for (i = 0; i < (dim+1); ++i) numDof[i] = 0;
1781   numDof[dim] = 1;
1782   numComp[0] = 1;
1783   ierr = DMPlexCreateSection(colordm, NULL, numComp, numDof, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1784   ierr = PetscSectionSetFieldName(csection, 0, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1785   ierr = DMSetLocalSection(colordm, csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1786   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(colordm,NULL,"-color_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1787   /* get vertex to element map Q and colroing graph G */
1788   ierr = MatGetSize(JacP,NULL,&Nv);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1789   ierr = MatCreateAIJ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,numGCells,Nv,totDim,NULL,0,NULL,&Q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1790   for (i=0;i<128;i++) ones[i] = 1.0;
1791   for (cell = cStart, ej = 0 ; cell < cEnd; ++cell, ++ej) {
1792     PetscInt numindices,*indices;
1793     ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1794     if (numindices>128) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "too many indices. %D > %D",numindices,128);
1795     ierr = MatSetValues(Q,1,&ej,numindices,indices,ones,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1796     ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1797   }
1798   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(Q, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1799   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(Q, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1800   ierr = MatMatTransposeMult(Q,Q,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,4.0,&G);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1801   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) Q, "Q");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1802   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) G, "coloring graph");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1803   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(G,NULL,"-coloring_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1804   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(Q,NULL,"-coloring_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1805   ierr = MatDestroy(&Q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1806   /* coloring */
1807   ierr = MatColoringCreate(G,&mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1808   ierr = MatColoringSetDistance(mc,1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1809   ierr = MatColoringSetType(mc,MATCOLORINGJP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1810   ierr = MatColoringSetFromOptions(mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1811   ierr = MatColoringApply(mc,&iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1812   ierr = MatColoringDestroy(&mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1813   /* view */
1814   ierr = ISColoringViewFromOptions(iscoloring,NULL,"-coloring_is_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1815   ierr = ISColoringGetIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&nc,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1816   if (ctx && ctx->verbose > 2) {
1817     PetscViewer    viewer;
1818     Vec            color_vec, eidx_vec;
1819     ierr = DMGetGlobalVector(colordm, &color_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1820     ierr = DMGetGlobalVector(colordm, &eidx_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1821     for (colour=0; colour<nc; colour++) {
1822       ierr = ISGetLocalSize(is[colour],&csize);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1823       ierr = ISGetIndices(is[colour],&indices);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1824       for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1825         PetscScalar v = (PetscScalar)colour;
1826         k = indices[j];
1827         ierr = VecSetValues(color_vec,1,&k,&v,INSERT_VALUES);
1828         v = (PetscScalar)k;
1829         ierr = VecSetValues(eidx_vec,1,&k,&v,INSERT_VALUES);
1830       }
1831       ierr = ISRestoreIndices(is[colour],&indices);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1832     }
1833     /* view */
1834     ierr = PetscViewerVTKOpen(ctx->comm, "color.vtu", FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1835     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) color_vec, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1836     ierr = VecView(color_vec, viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1837     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1838     ierr = PetscViewerVTKOpen(ctx->comm, "eidx.vtu", FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1839     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) eidx_vec, "element-idx");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1840     ierr = VecView(eidx_vec, viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1841     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1842     ierr = DMRestoreGlobalVector(colordm, &color_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1843     ierr = DMRestoreGlobalVector(colordm, &eidx_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1844   }
1845   ierr = PetscSectionDestroy(&csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1846   ierr = DMDestroy(&colordm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1847   ierr = ISColoringRestoreIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1848   ierr = MatDestroy(&G);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1849   /* stash coloring */
1850   ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1851   ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(*container,(void*)iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1852   ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(*container, destroy_coloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1853   ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)JacP,"coloring",(PetscObject)*container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1854   if (ctx && ctx->verbose > 0) {
1855     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "Made coloring with %D colors\n", nc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1856   }
1857   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1858 }
1859 
1860 PetscErrorCode LandauAssembleOpenMP(PetscInt cStart, PetscInt cEnd, PetscInt totDim, DM plex, PetscSection section, PetscSection globalSection, Mat JacP, PetscScalar elemMats[], PetscContainer container)
1861 {
1862   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1863   IS             *is;
1864   PetscInt        nc,colour,j;
1865   const PetscInt *clr_idxs;
1866   ISColoring      iscoloring;
1867   PetscFunctionBegin;
1868   ierr = PetscContainerGetPointer(container,(void**)&iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1869   ierr = ISColoringGetIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&nc,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1870   for (colour=0; colour<nc; colour++) {
1871     PetscInt    *idx_arr[1024]; /* need to make dynamic for general use */
1872     PetscScalar *new_el_mats[1024];
1873     PetscInt     idx_size[1024],csize;
1874     ierr = ISGetLocalSize(is[colour],&csize);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1875     if (csize>1024) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "too many elements in color. %D > %D",csize,1024);
1876     ierr = ISGetIndices(is[colour],&clr_idxs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1877     /* get indices and mats */
1878     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1879       PetscInt    cell = cStart + clr_idxs[j];
1880       PetscInt    numindices,*indices;
1881       PetscScalar *elMat = &elemMats[clr_idxs[j]*totDim*totDim];
1882       PetscScalar *valuesOrig = elMat;
1883       ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1884       idx_size[j] = numindices;
1885       ierr = PetscMalloc2(numindices,&idx_arr[j],numindices*numindices,&new_el_mats[j]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1886       ierr = PetscMemcpy(idx_arr[j],indices,numindices*sizeof(PetscInt));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1887       ierr = PetscMemcpy(new_el_mats[j],elMat,numindices*numindices*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1888       ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1889       if (elMat != valuesOrig) {ierr = DMRestoreWorkArray(plex, numindices*numindices, MPIU_SCALAR, &elMat);}
1890     }
1891     /* assemble matrix */
1892     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1893       PetscInt    numindices = idx_size[j], *indices = idx_arr[j];
1894       PetscScalar *elMat = new_el_mats[j];
1895       MatSetValues(JacP,numindices,indices,numindices,indices,elMat,ADD_VALUES);
1896     }
1897     /* free */
1898     ierr = ISRestoreIndices(is[colour],&clr_idxs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1899     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1900       ierr = PetscFree2(idx_arr[j],new_el_mats[j]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1901     }
1902   }
1903   ierr = ISColoringRestoreIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1904   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1905 }
1906 
1907 /* < v, u > */
1908 static void g0_1(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1909                  const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1910                  const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1911                  PetscReal t, PetscReal u_tShift, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar g0[])
1912 {
1913   g0[0] = 1.;
1914 }
1915 
1916 /* < v, u > */
1917 static void g0_r(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1918                  const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1919                  const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1920                  PetscReal t, PetscReal u_tShift, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar g0[])
1921 {
1922   g0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0];
1923 }
1924 
1925 /*@
1926  LandauCreateMassMatrix - Create mass matrix for Landau
1927 
1928  Collective on dm
1929 
1930  Input Parameters:
1931  . dm     - the DM object
1932 
1933  Output Parameters:
1934  . Amat - The mass matrix (optional), mass matrix is added to the DM context
1935 
1936  Level: beginner
1937 
1938  .keywords: mesh
1939  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1940  @*/
1941 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateMassMatrix(DM dm, Mat *Amat)
1942 {
1943   DM             massDM;
1944   PetscDS        prob;
1945   PetscInt       ii,dim,N1=1,N2;
1946   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1947   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1948   Mat            M;
1949 
1950   PetscFunctionBegin;
1951   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(dm,DM_CLASSID,1);
1952   if (Amat) PetscValidPointer(Amat,2);
1953   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1954   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
1955   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1956   ierr = DMClone(dm, &massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1957   ierr = DMCopyFields(dm, massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1958   ierr = DMCreateDS(massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1959   ierr = DMGetDS(massDM, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1960   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1961     if (dim==3) {ierr = PetscDSSetJacobian(prob, ii, ii, g0_1, NULL, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1962     else        {ierr = PetscDSSetJacobian(prob, ii, ii, g0_r, NULL, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1963   }
1964   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(massDM,NULL,"-dm_landau_mass_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1965   ierr = DMCreateMatrix(massDM, &M);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1966   ierr = MatSetOption(M, MAT_IGNORE_ZERO_ENTRIES, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1967   {
1968     Vec locX;
1969     DM  plex;
1970     ierr = DMConvert(massDM, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1971     ierr = DMGetLocalVector(massDM, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1972     /* Mass matrix is independent of the input, so no need to fill locX */
1973     if (plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only) SETERRQ2(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "plex->prealloc_only = massDM->prealloc_only %D, =%D",plex->prealloc_only,massDM->prealloc_only);
1974     ierr = DMPlexSNESComputeJacobianFEM(plex, locX, M, M, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1975     ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(massDM, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1976     ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1977   }
1978   ierr = DMDestroy(&massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1979   ierr = MatGetSize(ctx->J, &N1, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1980   ierr = MatGetSize(M, &N2, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1981   if (N1 != N2) SETERRQ2(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Incorrect matrix sizes: |Jacobian| = %D, |Mass|=%D",N1,N2);
1982   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)M, "mass");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1983   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(M,NULL,"-dm_landau_mass_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1984   ctx->M = M; /* this could be a noop, a = a */
1985   if (Amat) *Amat = M;
1986   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1987 }
1988 
1989 /*@
1990  LandauIFunction - TS residual calculation
1991 
1992  Collective on ts
1993 
1994  Input Parameters:
1995  +   TS  - The time stepping context
1996  .   time_dummy - current time (not used)
1997  -   X - Current state
1998  +   X_t - Time derivative of current state
1999  .   actx - Landau context
2000 
2001  Output Parameter:
2002  .   F  - The residual
2003 
2004  Level: beginner
2005 
2006  .keywords: mesh
2007  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauIJacobian()
2008  @*/
2009 PetscErrorCode LandauIFunction(TS ts, PetscReal time_dummy, Vec X, Vec X_t, Vec F, void *actx)
2010 {
2011   PetscErrorCode ierr;
2012   LandauCtx      *ctx=(LandauCtx*)actx;
2013   PetscInt       dim;
2014   DM             dm;
2015 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2016   double         starttime, endtime;
2017 #endif
2018 
2019   PetscFunctionBegin;
2020   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2021   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2022   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
2023   //ierr = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
2024   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2025   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[0],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2026 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2027   starttime = MPI_Wtime();
2028 #endif
2029   ierr = DMGetDimension(ctx->dmv, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2030   if (!ctx->aux_bool) {
2031     ierr = PetscInfo3(ts, "Create Landau Jacobian t=%g X=%p %s\n",time_dummy,X_t,ctx->aux_bool ? " -- seems to be in line search" : "");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2032     ierr = LandauFormJacobian_Internal(X,ctx->J,dim,0.0,(void*)ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2033     ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_TRUE;
2034   } else {
2035     ierr = PetscInfo(ts, "Skip forming Jacobian, has not changed (should check norm)\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2036   }
2037   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(ctx->J,NULL,"-landau_jacobian_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2038   /* mat vec for op */
2039   ierr = MatMult(ctx->J,X,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* C*f */
2040   /* add time term */
2041   if (X_t) {
2042     ierr = MatMultAdd(ctx->M,X_t,F,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2043   }
2044 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2045   endtime = MPI_Wtime();
2046   ctx->times[0] += (endtime - starttime);
2047 #endif
2048   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[0],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2049   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2050   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2051 }
2052 static PetscErrorCode MatrixNfDestroy(void *ptr)
2053 {
2054   PetscInt *nf = (PetscInt *)ptr;
2055   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
2056   PetscFunctionBegin;
2057   ierr = PetscFree(nf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2058   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2059 }
2060 /*@
2061  LandauIJacobian - TS Jacobian construction
2062 
2063  Collective on ts
2064 
2065  Input Parameters:
2066  +   TS  - The time stepping context
2067  .   time_dummy - current time (not used)
2068  -   X - Current state
2069  +   U_tdummy - Time derivative of current state (not used)
2070  .   shift - shift for du/dt term
2071  -   actx - Landau context
2072 
2073  Output Parameter:
2074  .   Amat  - Jacobian
2075  +   Pmat  - same as Amat
2076 
2077  Level: beginner
2078 
2079  .keywords: mesh
2080  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauIFunction()
2081  @*/
2082 PetscErrorCode LandauIJacobian(TS ts, PetscReal time_dummy, Vec X, Vec U_tdummy, PetscReal shift, Mat Amat, Mat Pmat, void *actx)
2083 {
2084   PetscErrorCode ierr;
2085   LandauCtx      *ctx=(LandauCtx*)actx;
2086   PetscInt       dim;
2087   DM             dm;
2088   PetscContainer container;
2089 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2090   double         starttime, endtime;
2091 #endif
2092 
2093   PetscFunctionBegin;
2094   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2095   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2096   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
2097   if (Amat!=Pmat || Amat!=ctx->J) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Amat!=Pmat || Amat!=ctx->J");
2098   ierr = DMGetDimension(ctx->dmv, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2099   /* get collision Jacobian into A */
2100   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2101   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[9],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2102 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2103   starttime = MPI_Wtime();
2104 #endif
2105   ierr = PetscInfo2(ts, "Adding just mass to Jacobian t=%g, shift=%g\n",(double)time_dummy,(double)shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2106   if (shift==0.0) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "zero shift");
2107   if (!ctx->aux_bool) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "wrong state");
2108   if (!ctx->use_matrix_mass) {
2109     ierr = LandauFormJacobian_Internal(X,ctx->J,dim,shift,(void*)ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2110   } else { /* add mass */
2111     ierr = MatAXPY(Pmat,shift,ctx->M,SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2112   }
2113   ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_FALSE;
2114   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(Pmat,NULL,"-landau_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2115   /* set number species in Jacobian */
2116   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject) ctx->J, "Nf", (PetscObject *) &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2117   if (!container) {
2118     PetscInt *pNf;
2119     ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2120     ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(PetscInt), &pNf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2121     *pNf = ctx->num_species + 1000*ctx->numConcurrency;
2122     ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(container, (void *)pNf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2123     ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container, MatrixNfDestroy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2124     ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)ctx->J, "Nf", (PetscObject) container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2125     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2126   }
2127 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2128   endtime = MPI_Wtime();
2129   ctx->times[0] += (endtime - starttime);
2130 #endif
2131   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[9],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2132   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2133   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2134 }
2135