xref: /petsc/src/ts/utils/dmplexlandau/plexland.c (revision 2b40f18d55bda73da95d1ee111bd289389499316)
1 #include <petsc/private/dmpleximpl.h>   /*I "petscdmplex.h" I*/
2 #include <petsclandau.h>                /*I "petsclandau.h"   I*/
3 #include <petscts.h>
4 #include <petscdmforest.h>
5 
6 /* Landau collision operator */
7 #define PETSC_THREAD_SYNC
8 #define PETSC_DEVICE_FUNC_DECL static
9 #include "land_tensors.h"
10 
11 /* vector padding not supported */
12 #define LANDAU_VL  1
13 
14 static PetscErrorCode LandauGPUMapsDestroy(void *ptr)
15 {
16   P4estVertexMaps *maps = (P4estVertexMaps *)ptr;
17   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
18   PetscFunctionBegin;
19   if (maps->deviceType != LANDAU_CPU) {
20 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
21     if (maps->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
22       ierr = LandauKokkosDestroyMatMaps(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr); // imples Kokkos does
23     } // else could be CUDA
24 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
25     if (maps->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
26       ierr = LandauCUDADestroyMatMaps(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
27     } else SETERRQ1(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "maps->deviceType %D ?????",maps->deviceType);
28 #endif
29   }
30   ierr = PetscFree(maps->c_maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
31   ierr = PetscFree(maps->gIdx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
32   ierr = PetscFree(maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
33   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
34 }
35 
36 /* ------------------------------------------------------------------- */
37 /*
38  LandauFormJacobian_Internal - Evaluates Jacobian matrix.
39 
40  Input Parameters:
41  .  globX - input vector
42  .  actx - optional user-defined context
43  .  dim - dimension
44 
45  Output Parameters:
46  .  J0acP - Jacobian matrix filled, not created
47  */
48 static PetscErrorCode LandauFormJacobian_Internal(Vec a_X, Mat JacP, const PetscInt dim, PetscReal shift, void *a_ctx)
49 {
50   LandauCtx         *ctx = (LandauCtx*)a_ctx;
51   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
52   PetscInt          cStart, cEnd, elemMatSize;
53   PetscDS           prob;
54   PetscSection      section,globsection;
55   PetscInt          numCells,totDim,ej,Nq,*Nbf,*Ncf,Nb,Ncx,Nf,d,f,fieldA,qj,N;
56   PetscQuadrature   quad;
57   const PetscReal   *quadWeights;
58   PetscTabulation   *Tf; // used for CPU and print info
59   PetscReal         Eq_m[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], m_0=ctx->m_0; /* normalize mass -- not needed! */
60   PetscScalar       *IPf=NULL;
61   const PetscScalar *xdata=NULL;
62   PetscLogDouble    flops;
63   PetscContainer    container;
64   P4estVertexMaps   *maps=NULL;
65 
66   PetscFunctionBegin;
67   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(a_X,VEC_CLASSID,1);
68   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(JacP,MAT_CLASSID,2);
69   PetscValidPointer(ctx,5);
70   /* check for matrix container for GPU assembly */
71   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[10],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
72   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject) JacP, "assembly_maps", (PetscObject *) &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
73   if (container /* && ctx->deviceType != LANDAU_CPU */) {
74     if (!ctx->gpu_assembly) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"GPU matrix container but no GPU assembly");
75     ierr = PetscContainerGetPointer(container, (void **) &maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
76     if (!maps) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"empty GPU matrix container");
77   }
78   if (ctx->plex == NULL) {
79     ierr = DMConvert(ctx->dmv, DMPLEX, &ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
80   }
81   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(ctx->plex, 0, &cStart, &cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
82   ierr = DMGetLocalSection(ctx->plex, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
83   ierr = DMGetGlobalSection(ctx->plex, &globsection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
84   ierr = DMGetDS(ctx->plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
85   ierr = PetscDSGetTabulation(prob, &Tf);CHKERRQ(ierr); // Bf, &Df
86   ierr = PetscDSGetDimensions(prob, &Nbf);CHKERRQ(ierr); Nb = Nbf[0]; /* number of vertices*S */
87   ierr = PetscSectionGetNumFields(section, &Nf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
88   if (Nf!=ctx->num_species) SETERRQ1(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nf %D != S",Nf);
89   ierr = PetscDSGetComponents(prob, &Ncf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
90   Ncx = Ncf[0];
91   if (Ncx!=1) SETERRQ1(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nc %D != 1",Ncx);
92   ierr = PetscDSGetTotalDimension(prob, &totDim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
93   numCells = cEnd - cStart;
94   ierr = PetscFEGetQuadrature(ctx->fe[0], &quad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
95   ierr = PetscQuadratureGetData(quad, NULL, NULL, &Nq, NULL, &quadWeights);CHKERRQ(ierr);
96   if (Nb!=Nq) SETERRQ4(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Nb!=Nq %D %D over integration or simplices? Tf[0]->Nb=%D dim=%D",Nb,Nq,Tf[0]->Nb,dim);
97   if (Nq >LANDAU_MAX_NQ) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"Order too high. Nq = %D > LANDAU_MAX_NQ (%D)",Nq,LANDAU_MAX_NQ);
98   if (LANDAU_DIM != dim) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "dim %D != LANDAU_DIM %d",dim,LANDAU_DIM);
99   if (!ctx->SData_d) {
100     ierr = PetscNew(&ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
101   }
102   elemMatSize = totDim*totDim; // used for CPU and print info
103   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[10],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
104   ierr = VecGetSize(a_X,&N);CHKERRQ(ierr);
105   if (!ctx->init) {    /* create static point data, Jacobian called first */
106     PetscReal *invJ,*ww,*xx,*yy,*zz=NULL,*mass_w,*invJ_a;
107     const PetscInt  nip = Nq*numCells;
108 
109     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[7],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
110     ctx->init = PETSC_TRUE;
111     ierr = PetscInfo(ctx->plex, "Initialize static data\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
112     /* collect f data, first time is for Jacobian, but make mass now */
113     if (ctx->verbose > 1 || ctx->verbose > 0) {
114       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"[%D]%s: %D IPs, %D cells, totDim=%D, Nb=%D, Nq=%D, elemMatSize=%D, dim=%D, Tab: Nb=%D Nf=%D Np=%D cdim=%D N=%D shift=%g\n",
115                          0,"FormLandau",Nq*numCells,numCells, totDim, Nb, Nq, elemMatSize, dim, Tf[0]->Nb, Nf, Tf[0]->Np, Tf[0]->cdim, N, shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
116     }
117     ierr = PetscMalloc5(nip,&mass_w,nip,&ww,nip,&xx,nip,&yy,nip*dim*dim,&invJ_a);CHKERRQ(ierr);
118     if (dim==3) {
119       ierr = PetscMalloc1(nip,&zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
120     }
121     for (ej = 0 ; ej < numCells; ++ej) {
122       PetscReal    vj[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_DIM],detJj[LANDAU_MAX_NQ], Jdummy[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_DIM*LANDAU_DIM];
123       invJ = invJ_a ? invJ_a + ej * Nq*dim*dim : NULL;
124       ierr = DMPlexComputeCellGeometryFEM(ctx->plex, cStart+ej, quad, vj, Jdummy, invJ, detJj);CHKERRQ(ierr);
125       /* create dynamic point data */
126       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
127         PetscInt         gidx = (ej*Nq + qj);
128         mass_w[gidx] = detJj[qj] * quadWeights[qj];
129         if (dim==2) mass_w[gidx] *=  2.*PETSC_PI*vj[qj * dim + 0]; /* cylindrical coordinate, w/o 2pi */
130         xx[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 0]; /* coordinate */
131         yy[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 1];
132         if (dim==3) zz[gidx] = vj[qj * dim + 2];
133         ww[gidx] = detJj[qj] * quadWeights[qj];
134         if (dim==2) ww[gidx] *= xx[gidx];  /* cylindrical coordinate, w/o 2pi */
135       } /* q */
136     } /* ej */
137     /* cache static data */
138     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA || ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
139 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA) || defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
140       PetscReal invMass[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],nu_alpha[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_beta[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
141       for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
142         invMass[fieldA] = m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
143         nu_alpha[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/m_0)*m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
144         nu_beta[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/ctx->epsilon0)*ctx->lnLam / (8*PETSC_PI) * ctx->t_0*ctx->n_0/PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3);
145       }
146       if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
147 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
148         ierr = LandauCUDAStaticDataSet(ctx->plex,Nq,nu_alpha,nu_beta,invMass,invJ_a,mass_w,xx,yy,zz,ww,ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
149 #else
150         SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
151 #endif
152       } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
153 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
154         ierr = LandauKokkosStaticDataSet(ctx->plex,Nq,nu_alpha,nu_beta,invMass,invJ_a,mass_w,xx,yy,zz,ww,ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
155 #else
156         SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
157 #endif
158       }
159 #endif
160       /* free */
161       ierr = PetscFree5(mass_w,ww,xx,yy,invJ_a);CHKERRQ(ierr);
162       if (dim==3) {
163         ierr = PetscFree(zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
164       }
165     } else { /* CPU version, just copy in, only use part */
166       ctx->SData_d->w = (void*)ww;
167       ctx->SData_d->x = (void*)xx;
168       ctx->SData_d->y = (void*)yy;
169       ctx->SData_d->z = (void*)zz;
170       ctx->SData_d->invJ = (void*)invJ_a;
171       ctx->SData_d->mass_w = (void*)mass_w;
172     }
173     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[7],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
174   }
175   if (shift==0) { /* create dynamic point data */
176     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[1],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
177     ierr = MatZeroEntries(JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
178     flops = (PetscLogDouble)numCells*(PetscLogDouble)Nq*(PetscLogDouble)(5*dim*dim*Nf*Nf + 165);
179     for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
180       Eq_m[fieldA] = ctx->Ez * ctx->t_0 * ctx->charges[fieldA] / (ctx->v_0 * ctx->masses[fieldA]); /* normalize dimensionless */
181       if (dim==2) Eq_m[fieldA] *=  2 * PETSC_PI; /* add the 2pi term that is not in Landau */
182     }
183     if (!ctx->gpu_assembly || !container) {
184       Vec locX;
185       ierr = DMGetLocalVector(ctx->plex, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
186       ierr = VecZeroEntries(locX);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* zero BCs so don't set */
187       ierr = DMGlobalToLocalBegin(ctx->plex, a_X, INSERT_VALUES, locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
188       ierr = DMGlobalToLocalEnd  (ctx->plex, a_X, INSERT_VALUES, locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
189       ierr = PetscMalloc1(Nq*numCells*Nf,&IPf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
190       for (ej = 0 ; ej < numCells; ++ej) {
191         PetscScalar *coef = NULL;
192         ierr = DMPlexVecGetClosure(ctx->plex, section, locX, cStart+ej, NULL, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
193         ierr = PetscMemcpy(&IPf[ej*Nb*Nf],coef,Nb*Nf*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr); /* change if LandauIPReal != PetscScalar */
194         ierr = DMPlexVecRestoreClosure(ctx->plex, section, locX, cStart+ej, NULL, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
195       } /* ej */
196       ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(ctx->plex, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
197     } else {
198       PetscMemType mtype;
199       ierr = VecGetArrayReadAndMemType(a_X,&xdata,&mtype);CHKERRQ(ierr);
200     }
201     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[1],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
202   } else {
203     flops = (PetscLogDouble)numCells*(PetscLogDouble)Nq*(PetscLogDouble)(5*dim*dim*Nf*Nf);
204   }
205   /* do it */
206   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA || ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
207     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
208 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
209       ierr = LandauCUDAJacobian(ctx->plex,Nq,Eq_m,IPf,N,xdata,ctx->SData_d,ctx->subThreadBlockSize,shift,ctx->events,JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
210 #else
211       SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
212 #endif
213     } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
214 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
215       ierr = LandauKokkosJacobian(ctx->plex,Nq,Eq_m,IPf,N,xdata,ctx->SData_d,ctx->subThreadBlockSize,shift,ctx->events,JacP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
216 #else
217       SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
218 #endif
219     }
220   } else { /* CPU version */
221     PetscInt        ei, qi;
222     PetscScalar     *elemMat,coef_buff[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES*LANDAU_MAX_NQ];
223     PetscReal       *ff, *dudx, *dudy, *dudz, *invJ, *invJ_a = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->invJ, *xx = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->x, *yy = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->y, *zz = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->z, *ww = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->w, *mass_w = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->mass_w;
224     const PetscInt  nip = Nq*numCells;
225     const PetscReal *const BB = Tf[0]->T[0], * const DD = Tf[0]->T[1];
226     PetscReal       Eq_m[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], invMass[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_alpha[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], nu_beta[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
227     if (shift!=0.0) { // mass
228       ierr = PetscMalloc1(elemMatSize, &elemMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
229     } else {      /* compute f and df and init data for Jacobian */
230       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[8],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
231       for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
232         invMass[fieldA] = m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
233         Eq_m[fieldA] = ctx->Ez * ctx->t_0 * ctx->charges[fieldA] / (ctx->v_0 * ctx->masses[fieldA]); /* normalize dimensionless */
234         if (dim==2) Eq_m[fieldA] *=  2 * PETSC_PI; /* add the 2pi term that is not in Landau */
235         nu_alpha[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/m_0)*m_0/ctx->masses[fieldA];
236         nu_beta[fieldA] = PetscSqr(ctx->charges[fieldA]/ctx->epsilon0)*ctx->lnLam / (8*PETSC_PI) * ctx->t_0*ctx->n_0/PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3);
237       }
238       ierr = PetscMalloc5(elemMatSize, &elemMat, nip*Nf, &ff, nip*Nf, &dudx, nip*Nf, &dudy, dim==3 ? nip*Nf : 0, &dudz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
239       for (ei = cStart, invJ = invJ_a; ei < cEnd; ++ei, invJ += Nq*dim*dim) {
240         PetscScalar *coef;
241         PetscInt     b,f,idx,q;
242         PetscReal    u_x[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM];
243         if (IPf) {
244           coef = &IPf[ei*Nb*Nf]; // this is const
245         } else {
246           if (!maps) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"!maps");
247           coef = coef_buff;
248           for (f = 0; f < Nf; ++f) {
249             LandauIdx *const Idxs = &maps->gIdx[ei-cStart][f][0];
250             for (b = 0; b < Nb; ++b) {
251               idx = Idxs[b];
252               if (idx >= 0) {
253                 coef[f*Nb+b] = xdata[idx];
254               } else {
255                 idx = -idx - 1;
256                 coef[f*Nb+b] = 0;
257                 for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
258                   PetscInt    id = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
259                   PetscScalar scale = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
260                   coef[f*Nb+b] += scale*xdata[id];
261                 }
262               }
263             }
264           }
265         }
266         /* get f and df */
267         for (qi = 0; qi < Nq; ++qi) {
268           const PetscReal  *Bq = &BB[qi*Nb];
269           const PetscReal  *Dq = &DD[qi*Nb*dim];
270           const PetscInt   gidx = ei*Nq + qi;
271           /* get f & df */
272           for (f = 0; f < Nf; ++f) {
273             PetscInt   b, e;
274             PetscReal  refSpaceDer[LANDAU_DIM];
275             ff[gidx + f*nip] = 0.0;
276             for (d = 0; d < LANDAU_DIM; ++d) refSpaceDer[d] = 0.0;
277             for (b = 0; b < Nb; ++b) {
278               const PetscInt    cidx = b;
279               ff[gidx + f*nip] += Bq[cidx]*PetscRealPart(coef[f*Nb+cidx]);
280               for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) refSpaceDer[d] += Dq[cidx*dim+d]*PetscRealPart(coef[f*Nb+cidx]);
281             }
282             for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
283               for (e = 0, u_x[f][d] = 0.0; e < dim; ++e) {
284                 u_x[f][d] += invJ[qi * dim * dim + e*dim+d]*refSpaceDer[e];
285               }
286             }
287           }
288           for (f=0;f<Nf;f++) {
289             dudx[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][0];
290             dudy[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][1];
291 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
292             dudz[gidx + f*nip] = u_x[f][2];
293 #endif
294           }
295         }
296       }
297       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[8],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
298     }
299     for (ej = cStart, invJ = invJ_a; ej < cEnd; ++ej, invJ += Nq*dim*dim) {
300       ierr = PetscMemzero(elemMat, totDim *totDim * sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
301       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[4],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
302       ierr = PetscLogFlops((PetscLogDouble)Nq*flops);CHKERRQ(ierr);
303       //printf("\t:%d.%d) Invj[0] = %e (%d)\n",ej,qj,invJ[0],(int)(invJ-invJ_a));
304       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
305         const PetscReal * const BB = Tf[0]->T[0], * const DD = Tf[0]->T[1];
306         PetscReal               g0[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], g2[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM], g3[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM];
307         PetscInt                d,d2,dp,d3,ipidx,fieldA;
308         const PetscInt          jpidx = Nq*(ej-cStart) + qj;
309         if (shift==0.0) {
310           const PetscReal * const invJj = &invJ[qj*dim*dim];
311           PetscReal               gg2[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM],gg3[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES][LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM], gg2_temp[LANDAU_DIM], gg3_temp[LANDAU_DIM][LANDAU_DIM];
312           const PetscReal         vj[3] = {xx[jpidx], yy[jpidx], zz ? zz[jpidx] : 0}, wj = ww[jpidx];
313 
314           // create g2 & g3
315           for (d=0;d<dim;d++) { // clear accumulation data D & K
316             gg2_temp[d] = 0;
317             for (d2=0;d2<dim;d2++) gg3_temp[d][d2] = 0;
318           }
319           for (ipidx = 0; ipidx < nip; ipidx++) {
320             const PetscReal wi = ww[ipidx], x = xx[ipidx], y = yy[ipidx];
321             PetscReal       temp1[3] = {0, 0, 0}, temp2 = 0;
322 #if LANDAU_DIM==2
323             PetscReal       Ud[2][2], Uk[2][2];
324             LandauTensor2D(vj, x, y, Ud, Uk, (ipidx==jpidx) ? 0. : 1.);
325 #else
326             PetscReal U[3][3], z = zz[ipidx];
327             LandauTensor3D(vj, x, y, z, U, (ipidx==jpidx) ? 0. : 1.);
328 #endif
329             for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
330               temp1[0] += dudx[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
331               temp1[1] += dudy[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
332 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
333               temp1[2] += dudz[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
334 #endif
335               temp2    += ff[ipidx + fieldA*nip]*nu_beta[fieldA];
336             }
337             temp1[0] *= wi;
338             temp1[1] *= wi;
339 #if LANDAU_DIM==3
340             temp1[2] *= wi;
341 #endif
342             temp2    *= wi;
343 #if LANDAU_DIM==2
344             for (d2 = 0; d2 < 2; d2++) {
345               for (d3 = 0; d3 < 2; ++d3) {
346                 /* K = U * grad(f): g2=e: i,A */
347                 gg2_temp[d2] += Uk[d2][d3]*temp1[d3];
348                 /* D = -U * (I \kron (fx)): g3=f: i,j,A */
349                 gg3_temp[d2][d3] += Ud[d2][d3]*temp2;
350               }
351             }
352 #else
353             for (d2 = 0; d2 < 3; ++d2) {
354               for (d3 = 0; d3 < 3; ++d3) {
355                 /* K = U * grad(f): g2 = e: i,A */
356                 gg2_temp[d2] += U[d2][d3]*temp1[d3];
357                 /* D = -U * (I \kron (fx)): g3 = f: i,j,A */
358                 gg3_temp[d2][d3] += U[d2][d3]*temp2;
359               }
360             }
361 #endif
362           } /* IPs */
363           // add alpha and put in gg2/3
364           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
365             for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; d2++) {
366               gg2[fieldA][d2] = gg2_temp[d2]*nu_alpha[fieldA];
367               for (d3 = 0; d3 < dim; d3++) {
368                 gg3[fieldA][d2][d3] = -gg3_temp[d2][d3]*nu_alpha[fieldA]*invMass[fieldA];
369               }
370             }
371           }
372           /* add electric field term once per IP */
373           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
374             gg2[fieldA][dim-1] += Eq_m[fieldA];
375           }
376           /* Jacobian transform - g2, g3 */
377           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
378             for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
379               g2[fieldA][d] = 0.0;
380               for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; ++d2) {
381                 g2[fieldA][d] += invJj[d*dim+d2]*gg2[fieldA][d2];
382                 g3[fieldA][d][d2] = 0.0;
383                 for (d3 = 0; d3 < dim; ++d3) {
384                   for (dp = 0; dp < dim; ++dp) {
385                     g3[fieldA][d][d2] += invJj[d*dim + d3]*gg3[fieldA][d3][dp]*invJj[d2*dim + dp];
386                   }
387                 }
388                 g3[fieldA][d][d2] *= wj;
389               }
390               g2[fieldA][d] *= wj;
391             }
392           }
393         } else { // mass
394           /* Jacobian transform - g0 */
395           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf; ++fieldA) {
396             g0[fieldA] = mass_w[jpidx] * shift; // move this to below and remove g0
397           }
398         }
399         /* FE matrix construction */
400         {
401           PetscInt  fieldA,d,f,d2,g;
402           const PetscReal *BJq = &BB[qj*Nb], *DIq = &DD[qj*Nb*dim];
403           /* assemble - on the diagonal (I,I) */
404           for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf ; fieldA++) {
405             for (f = 0; f < Nb ; f++) {
406               const PetscInt i = fieldA*Nb + f; /* Element matrix row */
407               for (g = 0; g < Nb; ++g) {
408                 const PetscInt j    = fieldA*Nb + g; /* Element matrix column */
409                 const PetscInt fOff = i*totDim + j;
410                 if (shift==0.0) {
411                   for (d = 0; d < dim; ++d) {
412                     elemMat[fOff] += DIq[f*dim+d]*g2[fieldA][d]*BJq[g];
413                     //printf("\t:%d.%d.%d.%d.%d.%d) elemMat=%e += %e %e %e\n",ej,qj,fieldA,f,g,d,elemMat[fOff],DIq[f*dim+d],g2[fieldA][d],BJq[g]);
414                     for (d2 = 0; d2 < dim; ++d2) {
415                       elemMat[fOff] += DIq[f*dim + d]*g3[fieldA][d][d2]*DIq[g*dim + d2];
416                     }
417                   }
418                 } else { // mass
419                   elemMat[fOff] += BJq[f]*g0[fieldA]*BJq[g];
420                 }
421               }
422             }
423           }
424         }
425       } /* qj loop */
426       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[4],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
427       /* assemble matrix */
428       ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[6],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
429       if (!maps) {
430         ierr = DMPlexMatSetClosure(ctx->plex, section, globsection, JacP, ej, elemMat, ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
431       } else {  // GPU like assembly for debugging
432         PetscInt      fieldA,idx,q,f,g,d,nr,nc,rows0[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],cols0[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE]={0},rows[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],cols[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE];
433         PetscScalar   vals[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE*LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],row_scale[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE],col_scale[LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE]={0};
434         /* assemble - from the diagonal (I,I) in this format for DMPlexMatSetClosure */
435         for (fieldA = 0; fieldA < Nf ; fieldA++) {
436           LandauIdx *const Idxs = &maps->gIdx[ej-cStart][fieldA][0];
437           for (f = 0; f < Nb ; f++) {
438             idx = Idxs[f];
439             if (idx >= 0) {
440               nr = 1;
441               rows0[0] = idx;
442               row_scale[0] = 1.;
443             } else {
444               idx = -idx - 1;
445               nr = maps->num_face;
446               for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
447                 rows0[q]     = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
448                 row_scale[q] = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
449               }
450             }
451             for (g = 0; g < Nb; ++g) {
452               idx = Idxs[g];
453               if (idx >= 0) {
454                 nc = 1;
455                 cols0[0] = idx;
456                 col_scale[0] = 1.;
457               } else {
458                 idx = -idx - 1;
459                 nc = maps->num_face;
460                 for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; q++) {
461                   cols0[q]     = maps->c_maps[idx][q].gid;
462                   col_scale[q] = maps->c_maps[idx][q].scale;
463                 }
464               }
465               const PetscInt    i = fieldA*Nb + f; /* Element matrix row */
466               const PetscInt    j = fieldA*Nb + g; /* Element matrix column */
467               const PetscScalar Aij = elemMat[i*totDim + j];
468               for (q = 0; q < nr; q++) rows[q] = rows0[q];
469               for (q = 0; q < nc; q++) cols[q] = cols0[q];
470               for (q = 0; q < nr; q++) {
471                 for (d = 0; d < nc; d++) {
472                   vals[q*nc + d] = row_scale[q]*col_scale[d]*Aij;
473                 }
474               }
475               ierr = MatSetValues(JacP,nr,rows,nc,cols,vals,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
476             }
477           }
478         }
479       }
480       if (ej==-1) {
481         PetscErrorCode    ierr2;
482         ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"CPU Element matrix\n");CHKERRQ(ierr2);
483         for (d = 0; d < totDim; ++d) {
484           for (f = 0; f < totDim; ++f) {ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm," %12.5e",  PetscRealPart(elemMat[d*totDim + f]));CHKERRQ(ierr2);}
485           ierr2 = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"\n");CHKERRQ(ierr2);
486         }
487         exit(12);
488       }
489       ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[6],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
490     } /* ej cells loop, not cuda */
491     if (shift!=0.0) { // mass
492       ierr = PetscFree(elemMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
493     } else {
494       ierr = PetscFree5(elemMat, ff, dudx, dudy, dudz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
495     }
496   } /* CPU version */
497 
498   /* assemble matrix or vector */
499   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(JacP, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
500   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(JacP, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
501 #define MAP_BF_SIZE (128*LANDAU_DIM*LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES)
502   if (ctx->gpu_assembly && !container) {
503     PetscScalar             elemMatrix[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_MAX_NQ*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES*LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], *elMat;
504     pointInterpolationP4est pointMaps[MAP_BF_SIZE][LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE];
505     PetscInt                q,eidx,fieldA;
506     MatType                 type;
507     ierr = PetscInfo1(ctx->plex, "Make GPU maps %D\n",1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
508     ierr = MatGetType(JacP,&type);CHKERRQ(ierr);
509     ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[2],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
510     ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(P4estVertexMaps), &maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
511     ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
512     ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(container, (void *)maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
513     ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container, LandauGPUMapsDestroy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
514     ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject) JacP, "assembly_maps", (PetscObject) container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
515     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
516     // make maps
517     maps->data = NULL;
518     maps->num_elements = numCells;
519     maps->num_face = (PetscInt)(pow(Nq,1./((double)dim))+.001); // Q
520     maps->num_face = (PetscInt)(pow(maps->num_face,(double)(dim-1))+.001); // Q^2
521     maps->num_reduced = 0;
522     maps->deviceType = ctx->deviceType;
523 
524     // count reduced and get
525     ierr = PetscMalloc(maps->num_elements * sizeof *maps->gIdx, &maps->gIdx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
526     for (fieldA=0;fieldA<Nf;fieldA++) {
527       for (ej = cStart, eidx = 0 ; ej < cEnd; ++ej, ++eidx) {
528         for (q = 0; q < Nb; ++q) {
529           PetscInt    numindices,*indices;
530           PetscScalar *valuesOrig = elMat = elemMatrix;
531           ierr = PetscMemzero(elMat, totDim*totDim*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
532           elMat[ (fieldA*Nb + q)*totDim + fieldA*Nb + q] = 1;
533           ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(ctx->plex, section, globsection, ej, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
534           for (f = 0 ; f < numindices ; ++f) { // look for a non-zero on the diagonal
535             if (PetscAbs(PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + f])) > PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
536               // found it
537               if (PetscAbs(PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + f] - 1.)) < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
538                 maps->gIdx[eidx][fieldA][q] = (LandauIdx)indices[f]; // normal vertex 1.0
539               } else { //found a constraint
540                 int       jj = 0;
541                 PetscReal sum = 0;
542                 const PetscInt ff = f;
543                 maps->gIdx[eidx][fieldA][q] = -maps->num_reduced - 1; // gid = -(idx+1): idx = -gid - 1
544                 do {  // constraints are continous in Plex - exploit that here
545                   int ii;
546                   for (ii = 0, pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale = 0; ii < maps->num_face; ii++) { // DMPlex puts them all together
547                     if (ff + ii < numindices) {
548                       pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale += PetscRealPart(elMat[f*numindices + ff + ii]);
549                     }
550                   }
551                   sum += pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale;
552                   if (pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale == 0) pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = -1; // 3D has Q and Q^2 interps -- all contiguous???
553                   else                                             pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = indices[f];
554                 } while (++jj < maps->num_face && ++f < numindices); // jj is incremented if we hit the end
555                 while (jj++ < maps->num_face) {
556                   pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].scale = 0;
557                   pointMaps[maps->num_reduced][jj].gid = -1;
558                 }
559                 if (PetscAbs(sum-1.0) > 10*PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) { // debug
560                   int       d,f;
561                   PetscReal tmp = 0;
562                   PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"\t\t%D.%D.%D) ERROR total I = %22.16e (LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE=%d, #face=%D)\n",eidx,q,fieldA,sum,LANDAU_MAX_Q_FACE,maps->num_face);
563                   for (d = 0, tmp = 0; d < numindices; ++d) {
564                     if (tmp!=0 && PetscAbs(tmp-1.0) > 10*PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON) ierr = PetscPrintf(PETSC_COMM_WORLD,"%3D) %3D: ",d,indices[d]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
565                     for (f = 0; f < numindices; ++f) {
566                       tmp += PetscRealPart(elMat[d*numindices + f]);
567                     }
568                     if (tmp!=0) ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm," | %22.16e\n",tmp);CHKERRQ(ierr);
569                   }
570                 }
571                 maps->num_reduced++;
572                 if (maps->num_reduced>=MAP_BF_SIZE) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "maps->num_reduced %d > %d",maps->num_reduced,MAP_BF_SIZE);
573               }
574               break;
575             }
576           }
577           // cleanup
578           ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(ctx->plex, section, globsection, ej, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
579           if (elMat != valuesOrig) {ierr = DMRestoreWorkArray(ctx->plex, numindices*numindices, MPIU_SCALAR, &elMat);}
580         }
581       }
582     }
583     // allocate and copy point datamaps->gIdx[eidx][field][q] -- for CPU version of this code, for debugging
584     ierr = PetscMalloc(maps->num_reduced * sizeof *maps->c_maps, &maps->c_maps);CHKERRQ(ierr);
585     for (ej = 0; ej < maps->num_reduced; ++ej) {
586       for (q = 0; q < maps->num_face; ++q) {
587         maps->c_maps[ej][q].scale = pointMaps[ej][q].scale;
588         maps->c_maps[ej][q].gid = pointMaps[ej][q].gid;
589       }
590     }
591 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
592     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
593       ierr = LandauKokkosCreateMatMaps(maps, pointMaps,Nf,Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr); // imples Kokkos does
594     } // else could be CUDA
595 #endif
596 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
597     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
598       ierr = LandauCUDACreateMatMaps(maps, pointMaps,Nf,Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr);
599     }
600 #endif
601 
602     ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[2],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
603   }
604   /* clean up */
605   if (IPf) {
606     ierr = PetscFree(IPf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
607   }
608   if (xdata) {
609     ierr = VecRestoreArrayReadAndMemType(a_X,&xdata);CHKERRQ(ierr);
610   }
611 
612   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
613 }
614 
615 #if defined(LANDAU_ADD_BCS)
616 static void zero_bc(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
617                     const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
618                     const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
619                     PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[], PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar uexact[])
620 {
621   uexact[0] = 0;
622 }
623 #endif
624 
625 #define MATVEC2(__a,__x,__p) {int i,j; for (i=0.; i<2; i++) {__p[i] = 0; for (j=0.; j<2; j++) __p[i] += __a[i][j]*__x[j]; }}
626 static void CircleInflate(PetscReal r1, PetscReal r2, PetscReal r0, PetscInt num_sections, PetscReal x, PetscReal y,
627                           PetscReal *outX, PetscReal *outY)
628 {
629   PetscReal rr = PetscSqrtReal(x*x + y*y), outfact, efact;
630   if (rr < r1 + PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON) {
631     *outX = x; *outY = y;
632   } else {
633     const PetscReal xy[2] = {x,y}, sinphi=y/rr, cosphi=x/rr;
634     PetscReal       cth,sth,xyprime[2],Rth[2][2],rotcos,newrr;
635     if (num_sections==2) {
636       rotcos = 0.70710678118654;
637       outfact = 1.5; efact = 2.5;
638       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/4,pi/4) */
639       if (sinphi >= 0.) {         /* top cell, -pi/2 */
640         cth = 0.707106781186548; sth = -0.707106781186548;
641       } else {                    /* bottom cell -pi/8 */
642         cth = 0.707106781186548; sth = .707106781186548;
643       }
644     } else if (num_sections==3) {
645       rotcos = 0.86602540378443;
646       outfact = 1.5; efact = 2.5;
647       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/6,pi/6) */
648       if (sinphi >= 0.5) {         /* top cell, -pi/3 */
649         cth = 0.5; sth = -0.866025403784439;
650       } else if (sinphi >= -.5) {  /* mid cell 0 */
651         cth = 1.; sth = .0;
652       } else { /* bottom cell +pi/3 */
653         cth = 0.5; sth = 0.866025403784439;
654       }
655     } else if (num_sections==4) {
656       rotcos = 0.9238795325112;
657       outfact = 1.5; efact = 3;
658       /* rotate normalized vector into [-pi/8,pi/8) */
659       if (sinphi >= 0.707106781186548) {         /* top cell, -3pi/8 */
660         cth = 0.38268343236509; sth = -0.923879532511287;
661       } else if (sinphi >= 0.) {                 /* mid top cell -pi/8 */
662         cth = 0.923879532511287; sth = -.38268343236509;
663       } else if (sinphi >= -0.707106781186548) { /* mid bottom cell + pi/8 */
664         cth = 0.923879532511287; sth = 0.38268343236509;
665       } else {                                   /* bottom cell + 3pi/8 */
666         cth = 0.38268343236509; sth = .923879532511287;
667       }
668     } else {
669       cth = 0.; sth = 0.; rotcos = 0; efact = 0;
670     }
671     Rth[0][0] = cth; Rth[0][1] =-sth;
672     Rth[1][0] = sth; Rth[1][1] = cth;
673     MATVEC2(Rth,xy,xyprime);
674     if (num_sections==2) {
675       newrr = xyprime[0]/rotcos;
676     } else {
677       PetscReal newcosphi=xyprime[0]/rr, rin = r1, rout = rr - rin;
678       PetscReal routmax = r0*rotcos/newcosphi - rin, nroutmax = r0 - rin, routfrac = rout/routmax;
679       newrr = rin + routfrac*nroutmax;
680     }
681     *outX = cosphi*newrr; *outY = sinphi*newrr;
682     /* grade */
683     PetscReal fact,tt,rs,re, rr = PetscSqrtReal(PetscSqr(*outX) + PetscSqr(*outY));
684     if (rr > r2) { rs = r2; re = r0; fact = outfact;} /* outer zone */
685     else {         rs = r1; re = r2; fact = efact;} /* electron zone */
686     tt = (rs + PetscPowReal((rr - rs)/(re - rs),fact) * (re-rs)) / rr;
687     *outX *= tt;
688     *outY *= tt;
689   }
690 }
691 
692 static PetscErrorCode GeometryDMLandau(DM base, PetscInt point, PetscInt dim, const PetscReal abc[], PetscReal xyz[], void *a_ctx)
693 {
694   LandauCtx   *ctx = (LandauCtx*)a_ctx;
695   PetscReal   r = abc[0], z = abc[1];
696   if (ctx->inflate) {
697     PetscReal absR, absZ;
698     absR = PetscAbs(r);
699     absZ = PetscAbs(z);
700     CircleInflate(ctx->i_radius,ctx->e_radius,ctx->radius,ctx->num_sections,absR,absZ,&absR,&absZ);
701     r = (r > 0) ? absR : -absR;
702     z = (z > 0) ? absZ : -absZ;
703   }
704   xyz[0] = r;
705   xyz[1] = z;
706   if (dim==3) xyz[2] = abc[2];
707 
708   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
709 }
710 
711 static PetscErrorCode ErrorIndicator_Simple(PetscInt dim, PetscReal volume, PetscReal x[], PetscInt Nc, const PetscInt Nf[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_x[], PetscReal *error, void *actx)
712 {
713   PetscReal err = 0.0;
714   PetscInt  f = *(PetscInt*)actx, j;
715   PetscFunctionBegin;
716   for (j = 0; j < dim; ++j) {
717     err += PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(u_x[f*dim+j]));
718   }
719   err = PetscRealPart(u[f]); /* just use rho */
720   *error = volume * err; /* * (ctx->axisymmetric ? 2.*PETSC_PI * r : 1); */
721   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
722 }
723 
724 static PetscErrorCode LandauDMCreateVMesh(MPI_Comm comm, const PetscInt dim, const char prefix[], LandauCtx *ctx, DM *dm)
725 {
726   PetscErrorCode ierr;
727   PetscReal      radius = ctx->radius;
728   size_t         len;
729   char           fname[128] = ""; /* we can add a file if we want */
730 
731   PetscFunctionBegin;
732   /* create DM */
733   ierr = PetscStrlen(fname, &len);CHKERRQ(ierr);
734   if (len) {
735     PetscInt dim2;
736     ierr = DMPlexCreateFromFile(comm, fname, ctx->interpolate, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
737     ierr = DMGetDimension(*dm, &dim2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
738     if (LANDAU_DIM != dim2) SETERRQ2(comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "dim %D != LANDAU_DIM %d",dim2,LANDAU_DIM);
739   } else {    /* p4est, quads */
740     /* Create plex mesh of Landau domain */
741     if (!ctx->sphere) {
742       PetscInt       cells[] = {2,2,2};
743       PetscReal      lo[] = {-radius,-radius,-radius}, hi[] = {radius,radius,radius};
744       DMBoundaryType periodicity[3] = {DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, dim==2 ? DM_BOUNDARY_NONE : DM_BOUNDARY_NONE, DM_BOUNDARY_NONE};
745       if (dim==2) { lo[0] = 0; cells[0] = 1; }
746       ierr = DMPlexCreateBoxMesh(comm, dim, PETSC_FALSE, cells, lo, hi, periodicity, PETSC_TRUE, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
747       ierr = DMLocalizeCoordinates(*dm);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* needed for periodic */
748       if (dim==3) {ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "cube");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
749       else {ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "half-plane");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
750     } else if (dim==2) {
751       PetscInt       numCells,cells[16][4],i,j;
752       PetscInt       numVerts;
753       PetscReal      inner_radius1 = ctx->i_radius, inner_radius2 = ctx->e_radius;
754       PetscReal      *flatCoords = NULL;
755       PetscInt       *flatCells = NULL, *pcell;
756       if (ctx->num_sections==2) {
757 #if 1
758         numCells = 5;
759         numVerts = 10;
760         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,4,3},
761                             {1,2,5,4},
762                             {3,4,7,6},
763                             {4,5,8,7},
764                             {6,7,8,9} };
765         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
766         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
767         {
768           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
769           for (j = 0; j < numVerts-1; j++) {
770             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%3) * PETSC_PI/2;
771             PetscReal rad = (j >= 6) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 3) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
772             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
773             coords[j][1] = z;
774             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
775             coords[j][0] = r;
776           }
777           coords[numVerts-1][0] = coords[numVerts-1][1] = 0;
778         }
779 #else
780         numCells = 4;
781         numVerts = 8;
782         static int     cells2[][4] = {{0,1,2,3},
783                                       {4,5,1,0},
784                                       {5,6,2,1},
785                                       {6,7,3,2}};
786         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
787         ierr = loc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
788         {
789           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
790           PetscInt j;
791           for (j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
792             PetscReal z, r;
793             PetscReal theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%4) * PETSC_PI/3.;
794             PetscReal rad = ctx->radius * ((j < 4) ? 0.5 : 1.0);
795             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
796             coords[j][1] = z;
797             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
798             coords[j][0] = r;
799           }
800         }
801 #endif
802       } else if (ctx->num_sections==3) {
803         numCells = 7;
804         numVerts = 12;
805         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,5,4},
806                             {1,2,6,5},
807                             {2,3,7,6},
808                             {4,5,9,8},
809                             {5,6,10,9},
810                             {6,7,11,10},
811                             {8,9,10,11} };
812         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
813         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
814         {
815           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
816           for (j = 0; j < numVerts; j++) {
817             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%4) * PETSC_PI/3;
818             PetscReal rad = (j >= 8) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 4) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
819             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
820             coords[j][1] = z;
821             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
822             coords[j][0] = r;
823           }
824         }
825       } else if (ctx->num_sections==4) {
826         numCells = 10;
827         numVerts = 16;
828         int cells2[][4] = { {0,1,6,5},
829                             {1,2,7,6},
830                             {2,3,8,7},
831                             {3,4,9,8},
832                             {5,6,11,10},
833                             {6,7,12,11},
834                             {7,8,13,12},
835                             {8,9,14,13},
836                             {10,11,12,15},
837                             {12,13,14,15}};
838         for (i = 0; i < numCells; i++) for (j = 0; j < 4; j++) cells[i][j] = cells2[i][j];
839         ierr = PetscMalloc2(numVerts * 2, &flatCoords, numCells * 4, &flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
840         {
841           PetscReal (*coords)[2] = (PetscReal (*) [2]) flatCoords;
842           for (j = 0; j < numVerts-1; j++) {
843             PetscReal z, r, theta = -PETSC_PI/2 + (j%5) * PETSC_PI/4;
844             PetscReal rad = (j >= 10) ? inner_radius1 : (j >= 5) ? inner_radius2 : ctx->radius;
845             z = rad * PetscSinReal(theta);
846             coords[j][1] = z;
847             r = rad * PetscCosReal(theta);
848             coords[j][0] = r;
849           }
850           coords[numVerts-1][0] = coords[numVerts-1][1] = 0;
851         }
852       } else {
853         numCells = 0;
854         numVerts = 0;
855       }
856       for (j = 0, pcell = flatCells; j < numCells; j++, pcell += 4) {
857         pcell[0] = cells[j][0]; pcell[1] = cells[j][1];
858         pcell[2] = cells[j][2]; pcell[3] = cells[j][3];
859       }
860       ierr = DMPlexCreateFromCellListPetsc(comm,2,numCells,numVerts,4,ctx->interpolate,flatCells,2,flatCoords,dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
861       ierr = PetscFree2(flatCoords,flatCells);CHKERRQ(ierr);
862       ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "semi-circle");CHKERRQ(ierr);
863     } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Velocity space meshes does not support cubed sphere");
864   }
865   ierr = PetscObjectSetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)*dm,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
866 
867   ierr = DMSetFromOptions(*dm);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* Plex refine */
868 
869   { /* p4est? */
870     char      convType[256];
871     PetscBool flg;
872     ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(ctx->comm, prefix, "Mesh conversion options", "DMPLEX");CHKERRQ(ierr);
873     ierr = PetscOptionsFList("-dm_landau_type","Convert DMPlex to another format (should not be Plex!)","plexland.c",DMList,DMPLEX,convType,256,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
874     ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();
875     if (flg) {
876       DM dmforest;
877       ierr = DMConvert(*dm,convType,&dmforest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
878       if (dmforest) {
879         PetscBool isForest;
880         if (dmforest->prealloc_only != (*dm)->prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only");
881         ierr = PetscObjectSetOptionsPrefix((PetscObject)dmforest,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
882         ierr = DMIsForest(dmforest,&isForest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
883         if (isForest) {
884           if (ctx->sphere && ctx->inflate) {
885             ierr = DMForestSetBaseCoordinateMapping(dmforest,GeometryDMLandau,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
886           }
887           if (dmforest->prealloc_only != (*dm)->prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only");
888           ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
889           *dm = dmforest;
890           ctx->errorIndicator = ErrorIndicator_Simple; /* flag for Forest */
891         } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_USER, "Converted to non Forest?");
892       } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_USER, "Convert failed?");
893     }
894   }
895   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *dm, "Mesh");CHKERRQ(ierr);
896   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
897 }
898 
899 static PetscErrorCode SetupDS(DM dm, PetscInt dim, LandauCtx *ctx)
900 {
901   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
902   PetscInt        ii;
903   PetscFunctionBegin;
904   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
905     char     buf[256];
906     if (ii==0) ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "e");
907     else {ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "i%D", ii);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
908     /* Setup Discretization - FEM */
909     ierr = PetscFECreateDefault(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), dim, 1, PETSC_FALSE, NULL, PETSC_DECIDE, &ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
910     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) ctx->fe[ii], buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
911     ierr = DMSetField(dm, ii, NULL, (PetscObject) ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
912   }
913   ierr = DMCreateDS(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
914   if (1) {
915     PetscInt        ii;
916     PetscSection    section;
917     ierr = DMGetSection(dm, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
918     for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
919       char buf[256];
920       if (ii==0) ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "se");
921       else ierr = PetscSNPrintf(buf, 256, "si%D", ii);
922       ierr = PetscSectionSetComponentName(section, ii, 0, buf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
923     }
924   }
925   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
926 }
927 
928 /* Define a Maxwellian function for testing out the operator. */
929 
930 /* Using cartesian velocity space coordinates, the particle */
931 /* density, [1/m^3], is defined according to */
932 
933 /* $$ n=\int_{R^3} dv^3 \left(\frac{m}{2\pi T}\right)^{3/2}\exp [- mv^2/(2T)] $$ */
934 
935 /* Using some constant, c, we normalize the velocity vector into a */
936 /* dimensionless variable according to v=c*x. Thus the density, $n$, becomes */
937 
938 /* $$ n=\int_{R^3} dx^3 \left(\frac{mc^2}{2\pi T}\right)^{3/2}\exp [- mc^2/(2T)*x^2] $$ */
939 
940 /* Defining $\theta=2T/mc^2$, we thus find that the probability density */
941 /* for finding the particle within the interval in a box dx^3 around x is */
942 
943 /* f(x;\theta)=\left(\frac{1}{\pi\theta}\right)^{3/2} \exp [ -x^2/\theta ] */
944 
945 typedef struct {
946   LandauCtx   *ctx;
947   PetscReal kT_m;
948   PetscReal n;
949   PetscReal shift;
950 } MaxwellianCtx;
951 
952 static PetscErrorCode maxwellian(PetscInt dim, PetscReal time, const PetscReal x[], PetscInt Nf_dummy, PetscScalar *u, void *actx)
953 {
954   MaxwellianCtx *mctx = (MaxwellianCtx*)actx;
955   LandauCtx     *ctx = mctx->ctx;
956   PetscInt      i;
957   PetscReal     v2 = 0, theta = 2*mctx->kT_m/(ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0); /* theta = 2kT/mc^2 */
958   PetscFunctionBegin;
959   /* compute the exponents, v^2 */
960   for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) v2 += x[i]*x[i];
961   /* evaluate the Maxwellian */
962   u[0] = mctx->n*PetscPowReal(PETSC_PI*theta,-1.5)*(PetscExpReal(-v2/theta));
963   if (mctx->shift!=0.) {
964     v2 = 0;
965     for (i = 0; i < dim-1; ++i) v2 += x[i]*x[i];
966     v2 += (x[dim-1]-mctx->shift)*(x[dim-1]-mctx->shift);
967     /* evaluate the shifted Maxwellian */
968     u[0] += mctx->n*PetscPowReal(PETSC_PI*theta,-1.5)*(PetscExpReal(-v2/theta));
969   }
970   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
971 }
972 
973 /*@
974  LandauAddMaxwellians - Add a Maxwellian distribution to a state
975 
976  Collective on X
977 
978  Input Parameters:
979  .   dm - The mesh
980  +   time - Current time
981  -   temps - Temperatures of each species
982  .   ns - Number density of each species
983  +   actx - Landau context
984 
985  Output Parameter:
986  .   X  - The state
987 
988  Level: beginner
989 
990  .keywords: mesh
991  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
992  @*/
993 PetscErrorCode LandauAddMaxwellians(DM dm, Vec X, PetscReal time, PetscReal temps[], PetscReal ns[], void *actx)
994 {
995   LandauCtx      *ctx = (LandauCtx*)actx;
996   PetscErrorCode (*initu[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES])(PetscInt, PetscReal, const PetscReal [], PetscInt, PetscScalar [], void *);
997   PetscErrorCode ierr,ii;
998   PetscInt       dim;
999   MaxwellianCtx  *mctxs[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], data[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
1000 
1001   PetscFunctionBegin;
1002   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1003   if (!ctx) { ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
1004   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1005     mctxs[ii] = &data[ii];
1006     data[ii].ctx = ctx;
1007     data[ii].kT_m = ctx->k*temps[ii]/ctx->masses[ii]; /* kT/m */
1008     data[ii].n = ns[ii];
1009     initu[ii] = maxwellian;
1010     data[ii].shift = 0;
1011   }
1012   data[0].shift = ctx->electronShift;
1013   /* need to make ADD_ALL_VALUES work - TODO */
1014   ierr = DMProjectFunction(dm, time, initu, (void**)mctxs, INSERT_ALL_VALUES, X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1015   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1016 }
1017 
1018 /*
1019  LandauSetInitialCondition - Addes Maxwellians with context
1020 
1021  Collective on X
1022 
1023  Input Parameters:
1024  .   dm - The mesh
1025  +   actx - Landau context with T and n
1026 
1027  Output Parameter:
1028  .   X  - The state
1029 
1030  Level: beginner
1031 
1032  .keywords: mesh
1033  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauAddMaxwellians()
1034  */
1035 static PetscErrorCode LandauSetInitialCondition(DM dm, Vec X, void *actx)
1036 {
1037   LandauCtx        *ctx = (LandauCtx*)actx;
1038   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1039   PetscFunctionBegin;
1040   if (!ctx) { ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr); }
1041   ierr = VecZeroEntries(X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1042   ierr = LandauAddMaxwellians(dm, X, 0.0, ctx->thermal_temps, ctx->n, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1043   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1044 }
1045 
1046 static PetscErrorCode adaptToleranceFEM(PetscFE fem, Vec sol, PetscReal refineTol[], PetscReal coarsenTol[], PetscInt type, LandauCtx *ctx, DM *newDM)
1047 {
1048   DM               dm, plex, adaptedDM = NULL;
1049   PetscDS          prob;
1050   PetscBool        isForest;
1051   PetscQuadrature  quad;
1052   PetscInt         Nq, *Nb, cStart, cEnd, c, dim, qj, k;
1053   DMLabel          adaptLabel = NULL;
1054   PetscErrorCode   ierr;
1055 
1056   PetscFunctionBegin;
1057   ierr = VecGetDM(sol, &dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1058   ierr = DMCreateDS(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1059   ierr = DMGetDS(dm, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1060   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1061   ierr = DMIsForest(dm, &isForest);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1062   ierr = DMConvert(dm, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1063   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1064   ierr = DMLabelCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF,"adapt",&adaptLabel);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1065   ierr = PetscFEGetQuadrature(fem, &quad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1066   ierr = PetscQuadratureGetData(quad, NULL, NULL, &Nq, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1067   if (Nq >LANDAU_MAX_NQ) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"Order too high. Nq = %D > LANDAU_MAX_NQ (%D)",Nq,LANDAU_MAX_NQ);
1068   ierr = PetscDSGetDimensions(prob, &Nb);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1069   if (type==4) {
1070     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1071       ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, c, DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1072     }
1073     ierr = PetscInfo1(sol, "Phase:%s: Uniform refinement\n","adaptToleranceFEM");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1074   } else if (type==2) {
1075     PetscInt  rCellIdx[8], eCellIdx[64], iCellIdx[64], eMaxIdx = -1, iMaxIdx = -1, nr = 0, nrmax = (dim==3) ? 8 : 2;
1076     PetscReal minRad = PETSC_INFINITY, r, eMinRad = PETSC_INFINITY, iMinRad = PETSC_INFINITY;
1077     for (c = 0; c < 64; c++) { eCellIdx[c] = iCellIdx[c] = -1; }
1078     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1079       PetscReal    tt, v0[LANDAU_MAX_NQ*3], detJ[LANDAU_MAX_NQ];
1080       ierr = DMPlexComputeCellGeometryFEM(plex, c, quad, v0, NULL, NULL, detJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1081       for (qj = 0; qj < Nq; ++qj) {
1082         tt = PetscSqr(v0[dim*qj+0]) + PetscSqr(v0[dim*qj+1]) + PetscSqr(((dim==3) ? v0[dim*qj+2] : 0));
1083         r = PetscSqrtReal(tt);
1084         if (r < minRad - PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) {
1085           minRad = r;
1086           nr = 0;
1087           rCellIdx[nr++]= c;
1088           ierr = PetscInfo4(sol, "\t\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM Found first inner r=%e, cell %D, qp %D/%D\n", r, c, qj+1, Nq);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1089         } else if ((r-minRad) < PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*100. && nr < nrmax) {
1090           for (k=0;k<nr;k++) if (c == rCellIdx[k]) break;
1091           if (k==nr) {
1092             rCellIdx[nr++]= c;
1093             ierr = PetscInfo5(sol, "\t\t\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM Found another inner r=%e, cell %D, qp %D/%D, d=%e\n", r, c, qj+1, Nq, r-minRad);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1094           }
1095         }
1096         if (ctx->sphere) {
1097           if ((tt=r-ctx->e_radius) > 0) {
1098             PetscInfo2(sol, "\t\t\t %D cell r=%g\n",c,tt);
1099             if (tt < eMinRad - PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON*100.) {
1100               eMinRad = tt;
1101               eMaxIdx = 0;
1102               eCellIdx[eMaxIdx++] = c;
1103             } else if (eMaxIdx > 0 && (tt-eMinRad) <= PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON && c != eCellIdx[eMaxIdx-1]) {
1104               eCellIdx[eMaxIdx++] = c;
1105             }
1106           }
1107           if ((tt=r-ctx->i_radius) > 0) {
1108             if (tt < iMinRad - 1.e-5) {
1109               iMinRad = tt;
1110               iMaxIdx = 0;
1111               iCellIdx[iMaxIdx++] = c;
1112             } else if (iMaxIdx > 0 && (tt-iMinRad) <= PETSC_SQRT_MACHINE_EPSILON && c != iCellIdx[iMaxIdx-1]) {
1113               iCellIdx[iMaxIdx++] = c;
1114             }
1115           }
1116         }
1117       }
1118     }
1119     for (k=0;k<nr;k++) {
1120       ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, rCellIdx[k], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1121     }
1122     if (ctx->sphere) {
1123       for (c = 0; c < eMaxIdx; c++) {
1124         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, eCellIdx[c], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1125         ierr = PetscInfo3(sol, "\t\tPhase:%s: refine sphere e cell %D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",eCellIdx[c],eMinRad);
1126       }
1127       for (c = 0; c < iMaxIdx; c++) {
1128         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, iCellIdx[c], DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1129         ierr = PetscInfo3(sol, "\t\tPhase:%s: refine sphere i cell %D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",iCellIdx[c],iMinRad);
1130       }
1131     }
1132     ierr = PetscInfo4(sol, "Phase:%s: Adaptive refine origin cells %D,%D r=%g\n","adaptToleranceFEM",rCellIdx[0],rCellIdx[1],minRad);
1133   } else if (type==0 || type==1 || type==3) { /* refine along r=0 axis */
1134     PetscScalar  *coef = NULL;
1135     Vec          coords;
1136     PetscInt     csize,Nv,d,nz;
1137     DM           cdm;
1138     PetscSection cs;
1139     ierr = DMGetCoordinatesLocal(dm, &coords);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1140     ierr = DMGetCoordinateDM(dm, &cdm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1141     ierr = DMGetLocalSection(cdm, &cs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1142     for (c = cStart; c < cEnd; c++) {
1143       PetscInt doit = 0, outside = 0;
1144       ierr = DMPlexVecGetClosure(cdm, cs, coords, c, &csize, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1145       Nv = csize/dim;
1146       for (nz = d = 0; d < Nv; d++) {
1147         PetscReal z = PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + (dim-1)]), x = PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + 0])) + ((dim==3) ? PetscSqr(PetscRealPart(coef[d*dim + 1])) : 0);
1148         x = PetscSqrtReal(x);
1149         if (x < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10. && PetscAbs(z)<PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) doit = 1;             /* refine origin */
1150         else if (type==0 && (z < -PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10. || z > ctx->re_radius+PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.)) outside++;   /* first pass don't refine bottom */
1151         else if (type==1 && (z > ctx->vperp0_radius1 || z < -ctx->vperp0_radius1)) outside++; /* don't refine outside electron refine radius */
1152         else if (type==3 && (z > ctx->vperp0_radius2 || z < -ctx->vperp0_radius2)) outside++; /* don't refine outside ion refine radius */
1153         if (x < PETSC_MACHINE_EPSILON*10.) nz++;
1154       }
1155       ierr = DMPlexVecRestoreClosure(cdm, cs, coords, c, &csize, &coef);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1156       if (doit || (outside<Nv && nz)) {
1157         ierr = DMLabelSetValue(adaptLabel, c, DM_ADAPT_REFINE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1158       }
1159     }
1160     ierr = PetscInfo1(sol, "Phase:%s: RE refinement\n","adaptToleranceFEM");
1161   }
1162   ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1163   ierr = DMAdaptLabel(dm, adaptLabel, &adaptedDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1164   ierr = DMLabelDestroy(&adaptLabel);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1165   *newDM = adaptedDM;
1166   if (adaptedDM) {
1167     if (isForest) {
1168       ierr = DMForestSetAdaptivityForest(adaptedDM,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1169     }
1170     ierr = DMConvert(adaptedDM, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1171     ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1172     ierr = PetscInfo2(sol, "\tPhase: adaptToleranceFEM: %D cells, %d total quadrature points\n",cEnd-cStart,Nq*(cEnd-cStart));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1173     ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1174   }
1175   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1176 }
1177 
1178 static PetscErrorCode adapt(DM *dm, LandauCtx *ctx, Vec *uu)
1179 {
1180   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1181   PetscInt        type, limits[5] = {ctx->numRERefine,ctx->nZRefine1,ctx->maxRefIts,ctx->nZRefine2,ctx->postAMRRefine};
1182   PetscInt        adaptIter;
1183 
1184   PetscFunctionBegin;
1185   for (type=0;type<5;type++) {
1186     for (adaptIter = 0; adaptIter<limits[type];adaptIter++) {
1187       DM  dmNew = NULL;
1188       ierr = adaptToleranceFEM(ctx->fe[0], *uu, ctx->refineTol, ctx->coarsenTol, type, ctx, &dmNew);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1189       if (!dmNew) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"should not happen");
1190       else {
1191         ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1192         ierr = VecDestroy(uu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1193         ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(dmNew,uu);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1194         ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *uu, "u");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1195         ierr = LandauSetInitialCondition(dmNew, *uu, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1196         *dm = dmNew;
1197       }
1198     }
1199   }
1200   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1201 }
1202 
1203 static PetscErrorCode ProcessOptions(LandauCtx *ctx, const char prefix[])
1204 {
1205   PetscErrorCode    ierr;
1206   PetscBool         flg, sph_flg;
1207   PetscInt          ii,nt,nm,nc;
1208   DM                dummy;
1209 
1210   PetscFunctionBegin;
1211   ierr = DMCreate(ctx->comm,&dummy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1212   /* get options - initialize context */
1213   ctx->verbose = 1;
1214   ctx->interpolate = PETSC_TRUE;
1215   ctx->gpu_assembly = PETSC_TRUE;
1216   ctx->sphere = PETSC_FALSE;
1217   ctx->inflate = PETSC_FALSE;
1218   ctx->electronShift = 0;
1219   ctx->errorIndicator = NULL;
1220   ctx->radius = 5.; /* electron thermal radius (velocity) */
1221   ctx->re_radius = 0.;
1222   ctx->vperp0_radius1 = 0;
1223   ctx->vperp0_radius2 = 0;
1224   ctx->e_radius = .1;
1225   ctx->i_radius = .01;
1226   ctx->maxRefIts = 5;
1227   ctx->postAMRRefine = 0;
1228   ctx->nZRefine1 = 0;
1229   ctx->nZRefine2 = 0;
1230   ctx->numRERefine = 0;
1231   ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_FALSE;
1232   ctx->num_sections = 3; /* 2, 3 or 4 */
1233   /* species - [0] electrons, [1] one ion species eg, duetarium, [2] heavy impurity ion, ... */
1234   ctx->charges[0] = -1;  /* electron charge (MKS) */
1235   ctx->masses[0] = 1/1835.5; /* temporary value in proton mass */
1236   ctx->n[0] = 1;
1237   ctx->thermal_temps[0] = 1;
1238   /* constants, etc. */
1239   ctx->epsilon0 = 8.8542e-12; /* permittivity of free space (MKS) F/m */
1240   ctx->k = 1.38064852e-23; /* Boltzmann constant (MKS) J/K */
1241   ctx->lnLam = 10;         /* cross section ratio large - small angle collisions */
1242   ctx->n_0 = 1.e20;        /* typical plasma n, but could set it to 1 */
1243   ctx->Ez = 0;
1244   ctx->v_0 = 1; /* in electron thermal velocity */
1245   ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 1; /* for device and maybe OMP */
1246   ctx->numConcurrency = 1; /* for device */
1247   ctx->SData_d = NULL;     /* for device */
1248   ctx->times[0] = 0;
1249   ctx->init = PETSC_FALSE; // doit first time
1250   ctx->use_matrix_mass = PETSC_FALSE; /* fast but slightly fragile */
1251   ctx->plex = NULL;     /* cache as expensive to Convert */
1252   ierr = PetscOptionsBegin(ctx->comm, prefix, "Options for Fokker-Plank-Landau collision operator", "none");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1253   {
1254     char opstring[256];
1255 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1256     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_KOKKOS;
1257     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"kokkos");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1258 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1259     ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 16;
1260 #endif
1261 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1262     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CUDA;
1263     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"cuda");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1264 #else
1265     ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CPU;
1266     ierr = PetscStrcpy(opstring,"cpu");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1267     ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1268 #endif
1269     ierr = PetscOptionsString("-dm_landau_device_type","Use kernels on 'cpu', 'cuda', or 'kokkos'","plexland.c",opstring,opstring,256,NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1270     ierr = PetscStrcmp("cpu",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1271     if (flg) {
1272       ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CPU;
1273       ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1274     } else {
1275       ierr = PetscStrcmp("cuda",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1276       if (flg) {
1277         ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_CUDA;
1278         ctx->subThreadBlockSize = 0;
1279       } else {
1280         ierr = PetscStrcmp("kokkos",opstring,&flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1281         if (flg) ctx->deviceType = LANDAU_KOKKOS;
1282         else SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-dm_landau_device_type %s",opstring);
1283       }
1284     }
1285   }
1286   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_gpu_assembly", "Assemble Jacobian on GPU", "plexland.c", ctx->gpu_assembly, &ctx->gpu_assembly, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1287   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_electron_shift","Shift in thermal velocity of electrons","none",ctx->electronShift,&ctx->electronShift, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1288   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_sphere", "use sphere/semi-circle domain instead of rectangle", "plexland.c", ctx->sphere, &ctx->sphere, &sph_flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1289   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_inflate", "With sphere, inflate for curved edges (no AMR)", "plexland.c", ctx->inflate, &ctx->inflate, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1290   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_re_levels", "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0, z>0", "plexland.c", ctx->numRERefine, &ctx->numRERefine, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1291   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_z_refine1",  "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0", "plexland.c", ctx->nZRefine1, &ctx->nZRefine1, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1292   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_z_refine2",  "Number of levels to refine along v_perp=0", "plexland.c", ctx->nZRefine2, &ctx->nZRefine2, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1293   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_levels_max", "Number of AMR levels of refinement around origin after r=0 refinements", "plexland.c", ctx->maxRefIts, &ctx->maxRefIts, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1294   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_amr_post_refine", "Number of levels to uniformly refine after AMR", "plexland.c", ctx->postAMRRefine, &ctx->postAMRRefine, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1295   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_verbose", "", "plexland.c", ctx->verbose, &ctx->verbose, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1296   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_re_radius","velocity range to refine on positive (z>0) r=0 axis for runaways","plexland.c",ctx->re_radius,&ctx->re_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1297   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_z_radius1","velocity range to refine r=0 axis (for electrons)","plexland.c",ctx->vperp0_radius1,&ctx->vperp0_radius1, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1298   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_z_radius2","velocity range to refine r=0 axis (for ions) after origin AMR","plexland.c",ctx->vperp0_radius2,&ctx->vperp0_radius2, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1299   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_Ez","Initial parallel electric field in unites of Conner-Hastie criticle field","plexland.c",ctx->Ez,&ctx->Ez, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1300   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_n_0","Normalization constant for number density","plexland.c",ctx->n_0,&ctx->n_0, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1301   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_ln_lambda","Cross section parameter","plexland.c",ctx->lnLam,&ctx->lnLam, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1302   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_num_sections", "Number of tangential section in (2D) grid, 2, 3, of 4", "plexland.c", ctx->num_sections, &ctx->num_sections, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1303   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_num_thread_teams", "The number of other concurrent runs to make room for", "plexland.c", ctx->numConcurrency, &ctx->numConcurrency, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1304   ierr = PetscOptionsBool("-dm_landau_use_mataxpy_mass", "Use fast but slightly fragile MATAXPY to add mass term", "plexland.c", ctx->use_matrix_mass, &ctx->use_matrix_mass, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1305 
1306   /* get num species with tempurature*/
1307   {
1308     PetscReal arr[100];
1309     nt = 100;
1310     ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_thermal_temps", "Temperature of each species [e,i_0,i_1,...] in keV", "plexland.c", arr, &nt, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1311     if (flg && nt > LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-thermal_temps ,t1,t2,.. number of species %D > MAX %D",nt,LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES);
1312   }
1313   nt = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1314   for (ii=1;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) {
1315     ctx->thermal_temps[ii] = 1.;
1316     ctx->charges[ii] = 1;
1317     ctx->masses[ii] = 1;
1318     ctx->n[ii] = (ii==1) ? 1 : 0;
1319   }
1320   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_thermal_temps", "Temperature of each species [e,i_0,i_1,...] in keV (must be set to set number of species)", "plexland.c", ctx->thermal_temps, &nt, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1321   if (flg) {
1322     PetscInfo1(dummy, "num_species set to number of thermal temps provided (%D)\n",nt);
1323     ctx->num_species = nt;
1324   } else SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-dm_landau_thermal_temps ,t1,t2,.. must be provided to set the number of species");
1325   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->thermal_temps[ii] *= 1.1604525e7; /* convert to Kelvin */
1326   nm = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES-1;
1327   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_ion_masses", "Mass of each species in units of proton mass [i_0=2,i_1=40...]", "plexland.c", &ctx->masses[1], &nm, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1328   if (flg && nm != ctx->num_species-1) {
1329     SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"num ion masses %D != num species %D",nm,ctx->num_species-1);
1330   }
1331   nm = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1332   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_n", "Normalized (by -n_0) number density of each species", "plexland.c", ctx->n, &nm, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1333   if (flg && nm != ctx->num_species) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"wrong num n: %D != num species %D",nm,ctx->num_species);
1334   ctx->n_0 *= ctx->n[0]; /* normalized number density */
1335   for (ii=1;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->n[ii] = ctx->n[ii]/ctx->n[0];
1336   ctx->n[0] = 1;
1337   for (ii=0;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->masses[ii] *= 1.6720e-27; /* scale by proton mass kg */
1338   ctx->masses[0] = 9.10938356e-31; /* electron mass kg (should be about right already) */
1339   ctx->m_0 = ctx->masses[0]; /* arbitrary reference mass, electrons */
1340   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_v_0","Velocity to normalize with in units of initial electrons thermal velocity (not recommended to change default)","plexland.c",ctx->v_0,&ctx->v_0, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1341   ctx->v_0 *= PetscSqrtReal(ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[0]/(ctx->masses[0])); /* electron mean velocity in 1D (need 3D form in computing T from FE integral) */
1342   nc = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES-1;
1343   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_ion_charges", "Charge of each species in units of proton charge [i_0=2,i_1=18,...]", "plexland.c", &ctx->charges[1], &nc, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1344   if (flg && nc != ctx->num_species-1) SETERRQ2(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"num charges %D != num species %D",nc,ctx->num_species-1);
1345   for (ii=0;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->charges[ii] *= 1.6022e-19; /* electron/proton charge (MKS) */
1346   ctx->t_0 = 8*PETSC_PI*PetscSqr(ctx->epsilon0*ctx->m_0/PetscSqr(ctx->charges[0]))/ctx->lnLam/ctx->n_0*PetscPowReal(ctx->v_0,3); /* note, this t_0 makes nu[0,0]=1 */
1347   /* geometry */
1348   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->refineTol[ii]  = PETSC_MAX_REAL;
1349   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) ctx->coarsenTol[ii] = 0.;
1350   ii = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1351   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_refine_tol","tolerance for refining cells in AMR","plexland.c",ctx->refineTol, &ii, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1352   if (flg && ii != ctx->num_species) ierr = PetscInfo2(dummy, "Phase: Warning, #refine_tol %D != num_species %D\n",ii,ctx->num_species);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1353   ii = LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;
1354   ierr = PetscOptionsRealArray("-dm_landau_coarsen_tol","tolerance for coarsening cells in AMR","plexland.c",ctx->coarsenTol, &ii, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1355   if (flg && ii != ctx->num_species) ierr = PetscInfo2(dummy, "Phase: Warning, #coarsen_tol %D != num_species %D\n",ii,ctx->num_species);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1356   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_domain_radius","Phase space size in units of electron thermal velocity","plexland.c",ctx->radius,&ctx->radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1357   if (flg && ctx->radius <= 0) { /* negative is ratio of c */
1358     if (ctx->radius == 0) ctx->radius = 0.75;
1359     else ctx->radius = -ctx->radius;
1360     ctx->radius = ctx->radius*299792458.0/ctx->v_0;
1361     ierr = PetscInfo1(dummy, "Change domain radius to %e\n",ctx->radius);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1362   }
1363   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_i_radius","Ion thermal velocity, used for circular meshes","plexland.c",ctx->i_radius,&ctx->i_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1364   if (flg && !sph_flg) ctx->sphere = PETSC_TRUE; /* you gave me an ion radius but did not set sphere, user error really */
1365   if (!flg) {
1366     ctx->i_radius = 1.5*PetscSqrtReal(8*ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[1]/ctx->masses[1]/PETSC_PI)/ctx->v_0; /* normalized radius with thermal velocity of first ion */
1367   }
1368   ierr = PetscOptionsReal("-dm_landau_e_radius","Electron thermal velocity, used for circular meshes","plexland.c",ctx->e_radius,&ctx->e_radius, &flg);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1369   if (flg && !sph_flg) ctx->sphere = PETSC_TRUE; /* you gave me an e radius but did not set sphere, user error really */
1370   if (!flg) {
1371     ctx->e_radius = 1.5*PetscSqrtReal(8*ctx->k*ctx->thermal_temps[0]/ctx->masses[0]/PETSC_PI)/ctx->v_0; /* normalized radius with thermal velocity of electrons */
1372   }
1373   if (ctx->sphere && (ctx->e_radius <= ctx->i_radius || ctx->radius <= ctx->e_radius)) SETERRQ3(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"bad radii: %g < %g < %g",ctx->i_radius,ctx->e_radius,ctx->radius);
1374   ierr = PetscOptionsInt("-dm_landau_sub_thread_block_size", "Number of threads in Kokkos integration point subblock", "plexland.c", ctx->subThreadBlockSize, &ctx->subThreadBlockSize, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1375   ierr = PetscOptionsEnd();CHKERRQ(ierr);
1376   for (ii=ctx->num_species;ii<LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES;ii++) ctx->masses[ii] = ctx->thermal_temps[ii]  = ctx->charges[ii] = 0;
1377   if (ctx->verbose > 0) {
1378     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "masses:        e=%10.3e; ions in proton mass units:   %10.3e %10.3e ...\n",ctx->masses[0],ctx->masses[1]/1.6720e-27,ctx->num_species>2 ? ctx->masses[2]/1.6720e-27 : 0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1379     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "charges:       e=%10.3e; charges in elementary units: %10.3e %10.3e\n", ctx->charges[0],-ctx->charges[1]/ctx->charges[0],ctx->num_species>2 ? -ctx->charges[2]/ctx->charges[0] : 0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1380     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "thermal T (K): e=%10.3e i=%10.3e imp=%10.3e. v_0=%10.3e n_0=%10.3e t_0=%10.3e domain=%10.3e\n",ctx->thermal_temps[0],ctx->thermal_temps[1],ctx->num_species>2 ? ctx->thermal_temps[2] : 0,ctx->v_0,ctx->n_0,ctx->t_0,ctx->radius);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1381   }
1382   ierr = DMDestroy(&dummy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1383   {
1384     PetscMPIInt    rank;
1385     ierr = MPI_Comm_rank(ctx->comm, &rank);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
1386     /* PetscLogStage  setup_stage; */
1387     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Operator", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[11]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 11 */
1388     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Jacobian", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 0 */
1389     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister("Landau Mass", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[9]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 9 */
1390     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Preamble", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[10]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 10 */
1391     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" static IP Data", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[7]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 7 */
1392     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" dynamic IP-Jac", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[1]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 1 */
1393     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Kernel-init", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[3]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 3 */
1394     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac-f-df (GPU)", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[8]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 8 */
1395     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Kernel (GPU)", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[4]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 4 */
1396     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Copy to CPU", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[5]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 5 */
1397     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac-assemble", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[6]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 6 */
1398     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Jac asmbl setup", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[2]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 2 */
1399     ierr = PetscLogEventRegister(" Other", DM_CLASSID, &ctx->events[13]);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* 13 */
1400 
1401     if (rank) { /* turn off output stuff for duplicate runs - do we need to add the prefix to all this? */
1402       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-snes_converged_reason");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1403       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ksp_converged_reason");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1404       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-snes_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1405       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ksp_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1406       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ts_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1407       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-ts_adapt_monitor");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1408       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1409       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1410       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1411       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1412       ierr = PetscOptionsClearValue(NULL,"-info");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1413     }
1414   }
1415   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1416 }
1417 
1418 /*@C
1419  LandauCreateVelocitySpace - Create a DMPlex velocity space mesh
1420 
1421  Collective on comm
1422 
1423  Input Parameters:
1424  +   comm  - The MPI communicator
1425  .   dim - velocity space dimension (2 for axisymmetric, 3 for full 3X + 3V solver)
1426  -   prefix - prefix for options
1427 
1428  Output Parameter:
1429  .   dm  - The DM object representing the mesh
1430  +   X - A vector (user destroys)
1431  -   J - Optional matrix (object destroys)
1432 
1433  Level: beginner
1434 
1435  .keywords: mesh
1436  .seealso: DMPlexCreate(), LandauDestroyVelocitySpace()
1437  @*/
1438 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateVelocitySpace(MPI_Comm comm, PetscInt dim, const char prefix[], Vec *X, Mat *J, DM *dm)
1439 {
1440   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1441   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1442   PetscBool      prealloc_only,flg;
1443 
1444   PetscFunctionBegin;
1445   if (dim!=2 && dim!=3) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Only 2D and 3D supported");
1446   ierr = PetscNew(&ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1447   ctx->comm = comm; /* used for diagnostics and global errors */
1448   /* process options */
1449   ierr = ProcessOptions(ctx,prefix);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1450   /* Create Mesh */
1451   ierr = LandauDMCreateVMesh(PETSC_COMM_SELF, dim, prefix, ctx, dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1452   prealloc_only = (*dm)->prealloc_only;
1453   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(*dm,NULL,"-dm_landau_pre_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1454   ierr = DMSetApplicationContext(*dm, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1455   /* create FEM */
1456   ierr = SetupDS(*dm,dim,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1457   /* set initial state */
1458   ierr = DMCreateGlobalVector(*dm,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1459   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) *X, "u");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1460   /* initial static refinement, no solve */
1461   ierr = LandauSetInitialCondition(*dm, *X, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1462   ierr = VecViewFromOptions(*X, NULL, "-dm_landau_pre_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1463   /* forest refinement */
1464   if (ctx->errorIndicator) {
1465     /* AMR */
1466     ierr = adapt(dm,ctx,X);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1467     if ((*dm)->prealloc_only != prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"(*dm)->prealloc_only != prealloc_only");
1468     ierr = DMViewFromOptions(*dm,NULL,"-dm_landau_amr_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1469     ierr = VecViewFromOptions(*X, NULL, "-dm_landau_amr_vec_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1470   }
1471   ierr = DMSetApplicationContext(*dm, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1472   ctx->dmv = *dm;
1473   if (ctx->dmv->prealloc_only != prealloc_only) SETERRQ(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject)dm),PETSC_ERR_SUP,"ctx->dmv->prealloc_only != prealloc_only");
1474   ierr = DMCreateMatrix(ctx->dmv, &ctx->J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1475   ierr = MatSetOption(ctx->J, MAT_IGNORE_ZERO_ENTRIES, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1476   ierr = MatSetOption(ctx->J, MAT_STRUCTURALLY_SYMMETRIC, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1477   if (J) *J = ctx->J;
1478   /* check for types that we need */
1479 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1480   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CPU) {
1481     ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJKOKKOS,MATMPIAIJKOKKOS,MATAIJKOKKOS,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1482   }
1483 #elif defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1484   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CPU) {
1485     ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJCUSPARSE,MATMPIAIJCUSPARSE,MATAIJCUSPARSE,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1486   }
1487 #endif
1488   if (ctx->gpu_assembly) { /* we need GPU object with GPU assembly */
1489     if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
1490       ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJCUSPARSE,MATMPIAIJCUSPARSE,MATAIJCUSPARSE,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1491       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must use '-dm_mat_type aijcusparse -dm_vec_type cuda' for GPU assembly and Cuda");
1492     } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
1493       ierr = PetscObjectTypeCompareAny((PetscObject)ctx->J,&flg,MATSEQAIJKOKKOS,MATMPIAIJKOKKOS,MATAIJKOKKOS,"");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1494 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS_KERNELS)
1495       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must use '-dm_mat_type aijkokkos -dm_vec_type kokkos' for GPU assembly and Kokkos");
1496 #else
1497       if (!flg) SETERRQ(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"must configure with '--download-kokkos-kernels=1' for GPU assembly and Kokkos");
1498 #endif
1499     }
1500   }
1501   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1502 }
1503 
1504 /*@
1505  LandauDestroyVelocitySpace - Destroy a DMPlex velocity space mesh
1506 
1507  Collective on dm
1508 
1509  Input/Output Parameters:
1510  .   dm - the dm to destroy
1511 
1512  Level: beginner
1513 
1514  .keywords: mesh
1515  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1516  @*/
1517 PetscErrorCode LandauDestroyVelocitySpace(DM *dm)
1518 {
1519   PetscErrorCode ierr,ii;
1520   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1521   PetscContainer container = NULL;
1522   PetscFunctionBegin;
1523   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(*dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1524   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject)ctx->J,"coloring", (PetscObject*)&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1525   if (container) {
1526     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1527   }
1528   ierr = MatDestroy(&ctx->M);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1529   ierr = MatDestroy(&ctx->J);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1530   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1531     ierr = PetscFEDestroy(&ctx->fe[ii]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1532   }
1533   if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_CUDA) {
1534 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_CUDA)
1535     ierr = LandauCUDAStaticDataClear(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1536 #else
1537     SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","cuda");
1538 #endif
1539   } else if (ctx->deviceType == LANDAU_KOKKOS) {
1540 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_KOKKOS)
1541     ierr = LandauKokkosStaticDataClear(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1542 #else
1543     SETERRQ1(ctx->comm,PETSC_ERR_ARG_WRONG,"-landau_device_type %s not built","kokkos");
1544 #endif
1545   } else {
1546     if (ctx->SData_d) { /* in a CPU run */
1547       PetscReal *invJ = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->invJ, *xx = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->x, *yy = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->y, *zz = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->z, *ww = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->w, *mass_w = (PetscReal*)ctx->SData_d->mass_w;
1548       ierr = PetscFree5(mass_w,ww,xx,yy,invJ);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1549       if (zz) {
1550         ierr = PetscFree(zz);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1551       }
1552     }
1553   }
1554   ierr = PetscFree(ctx->SData_d);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1555   if (ctx->times[0] > 0) {
1556     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "Landau Operator       %d 1.0 %10.3e ....\n",10000,ctx->times[0]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1557   }
1558   if (ctx->plex != NULL) {
1559     ierr = DMDestroy(&ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1560   }
1561   PetscFree(ctx);
1562   ierr = DMDestroy(dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1563   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1564 }
1565 
1566 /* < v, ru > */
1567 static void f0_s_den(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1568                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1569                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1570                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1571 {
1572   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1573   f0[0] = u[ii];
1574 }
1575 
1576 /* < v, ru > */
1577 static void f0_s_mom(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1578                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1579                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1580                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1581 {
1582   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]), jj = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[1]);
1583   f0[0] = x[jj]*u[ii]; /* x momentum */
1584 }
1585 
1586 static void f0_s_v2(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1587                     const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1588                     const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1589                     PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1590 {
1591   PetscInt i, ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1592   double tmp1 = 0.;
1593   for (i = 0; i < dim; ++i) tmp1 += x[i]*x[i];
1594   f0[0] = tmp1*u[ii];
1595 }
1596 
1597 /* < v, ru > */
1598 static void f0_s_rden(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1599                       const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1600                       const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1601                       PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1602 {
1603   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1604   f0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*u[ii];
1605 }
1606 
1607 /* < v, ru > */
1608 static void f0_s_rmom(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1609                       const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1610                       const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1611                       PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1612 {
1613   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1614   f0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*x[1]*u[ii];
1615 }
1616 
1617 static void f0_s_rv2(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1618                      const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1619                      const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1620                      PetscReal t, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar *f0)
1621 {
1622   PetscInt ii = (PetscInt)PetscRealPart(constants[0]);
1623   f0[0] =  2.*PETSC_PI*x[0]*(x[0]*x[0] + x[1]*x[1])*u[ii];
1624 }
1625 
1626 /*@
1627  LandauPrintNorms - collects moments and prints them
1628 
1629  Collective on dm
1630 
1631  Input Parameters:
1632  +   X  - the state
1633  -   stepi - current step to print
1634 
1635  Level: beginner
1636 
1637  .keywords: mesh
1638  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1639  @*/
1640 PetscErrorCode LandauPrintNorms(Vec X, PetscInt stepi)
1641 {
1642   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1643   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1644   PetscDS        prob;
1645   DM             dm;
1646   PetscInt       cStart, cEnd, dim, ii;
1647   PetscScalar    xmomentumtot=0, ymomentumtot=0, zmomentumtot=0, energytot=0, densitytot=0, tt[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
1648   PetscScalar    xmomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],  ymomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES],  zmomentum[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], energy[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES], density[LANDAU_MAX_SPECIES];
1649 
1650   PetscFunctionBegin;
1651   ierr = VecGetDM(X, &dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1652   if (!dm) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no DM");
1653   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1654   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1655   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
1656   if (!ctx->plex) {
1657     ierr = DMConvert(ctx->dmv, DMPLEX, &ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1658   }
1659   ierr = DMCreateDS(ctx->plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1660   ierr = DMGetDS(ctx->plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1661   /* print momentum and energy */
1662   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1663     PetscScalar user[2] = { (PetscScalar)ii, (PetscScalar)ctx->charges[ii]};
1664     ierr = PetscDSSetConstants(prob, 2, user);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1665     if (dim==2) { /* 2/3X + 3V (cylindrical coordinates) */
1666       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rden);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1667       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1668       density[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->charges[ii];
1669       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rmom);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1670       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1671       zmomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1672       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_rv2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1673       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1674       energy[ii] = tt[0]*0.5*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1675       zmomentumtot += zmomentum[ii];
1676       energytot  += energy[ii];
1677       densitytot += density[ii];
1678       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "%3D) species-%D: charge density= %20.13e z-momentum= %20.13e energy= %20.13e",stepi,ii,PetscRealPart(density[ii]),PetscRealPart(zmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(energy[ii]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1679     } else { /* 2/3X + 3V */
1680       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_den);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1681       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1682       density[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->charges[ii];
1683       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_mom);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1684       user[1] = 0;
1685       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1686       xmomentum[ii]  = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1687       user[1] = 1;
1688       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1689       ymomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1690       user[1] = 2;
1691       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1692       zmomentum[ii] = tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1693       ierr = PetscDSSetObjective(prob, 0, &f0_s_v2);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1694       ierr = DMPlexComputeIntegralFEM(ctx->plex,X,tt,ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1695       energy[ii]    = 0.5*tt[0]*ctx->n_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->v_0*ctx->masses[ii];
1696       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "%3D) species %D: density=%20.13e, x-momentum=%20.13e, y-momentum=%20.13e, z-momentum=%20.13e, energy=%21.13e",
1697                          stepi,ii,PetscRealPart(density[ii]),PetscRealPart(xmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(ymomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(zmomentum[ii]),PetscRealPart(energy[ii]));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1698       xmomentumtot += xmomentum[ii];
1699       ymomentumtot += ymomentum[ii];
1700       zmomentumtot += zmomentum[ii];
1701       energytot  += energy[ii];
1702       densitytot += density[ii];
1703     }
1704     if (ctx->num_species>1) PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\n");
1705   }
1706   /* totals */
1707   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(ctx->plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1708   if (ctx->num_species>1) {
1709     if (dim==2) {
1710       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\t%3D) Total: charge density=%21.13e, momentum=%21.13e, energy=%21.13e (m_i[0]/m_e = %g, %D cells)",
1711                          stepi,(double)PetscRealPart(densitytot),(double)PetscRealPart(zmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(energytot),(double)(ctx->masses[1]/ctx->masses[0]),cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1712     } else {
1713       ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "\t%3D) Total: charge density=%21.13e, x-momentum=%21.13e, y-momentum=%21.13e, z-momentum=%21.13e, energy=%21.13e (m_i[0]/m_e = %g, %D cells)",
1714                          stepi,(double)PetscRealPart(densitytot),(double)PetscRealPart(xmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(ymomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(zmomentumtot),(double)PetscRealPart(energytot),(double)(ctx->masses[1]/ctx->masses[0]),cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1715     }
1716   } else {
1717     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, " -- %D cells",cEnd-cStart);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1718   }
1719   if (ctx->verbose > 1) {ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,", %D sub (vector) threads\n",ctx->subThreadBlockSize);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1720   else {ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm,"\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1721   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1722 }
1723 
1724 static PetscErrorCode destroy_coloring (void *is)
1725 {
1726   ISColoring tmp = (ISColoring)is;
1727   return ISColoringDestroy(&tmp);
1728 }
1729 
1730 /*@
1731  LandauCreateColoring - create a coloring and add to matrix (Landau context used just for 'print' flag, should be in DMPlex)
1732 
1733  Collective on JacP
1734 
1735  Input Parameters:
1736  +   JacP  - matrix to add coloring to
1737  -   plex - The DM
1738 
1739  Output Parameter:
1740  .   container  - Container with coloring
1741 
1742  Level: beginner
1743 
1744  .keywords: mesh
1745  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1746  @*/
1747 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateColoring(Mat JacP, DM plex, PetscContainer *container)
1748 {
1749   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1750   PetscInt        dim,cell,i,ej,nc,Nv,totDim,numGCells,cStart,cEnd;
1751   ISColoring      iscoloring = NULL;
1752   Mat             G,Q;
1753   PetscScalar     ones[128];
1754   MatColoring     mc;
1755   IS             *is;
1756   PetscInt        csize,colour,j,k;
1757   const PetscInt *indices;
1758   PetscInt       numComp[1];
1759   PetscInt       numDof[4];
1760   PetscFE        fe;
1761   DM             colordm;
1762   PetscSection   csection, section, globalSection;
1763   PetscDS        prob;
1764   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1765 
1766   PetscFunctionBegin;
1767   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(plex, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1768   ierr = DMGetLocalSection(plex, &section);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1769   ierr = DMGetGlobalSection(plex, &globalSection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1770   ierr = DMGetDimension(plex, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1771   ierr = DMGetDS(plex, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1772   ierr = PetscDSGetTotalDimension(prob, &totDim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1773   ierr = DMPlexGetHeightStratum(plex,0,&cStart,&cEnd);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1774   numGCells = cEnd - cStart;
1775   /* create cell centered DM */
1776   ierr = DMClone(plex, &colordm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1777   ierr = PetscFECreateDefault(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) plex), dim, 1, PETSC_FALSE, "color_", PETSC_DECIDE, &fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1778   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) fe, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1779   ierr = DMSetField(colordm, 0, NULL, (PetscObject)fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1780   ierr = PetscFEDestroy(&fe);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1781   for (i = 0; i < (dim+1); ++i) numDof[i] = 0;
1782   numDof[dim] = 1;
1783   numComp[0] = 1;
1784   ierr = DMPlexCreateSection(colordm, NULL, numComp, numDof, 0, NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL, &csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1785   ierr = PetscSectionSetFieldName(csection, 0, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1786   ierr = DMSetLocalSection(colordm, csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1787   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(colordm,NULL,"-color_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1788   /* get vertex to element map Q and colroing graph G */
1789   ierr = MatGetSize(JacP,NULL,&Nv);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1790   ierr = MatCreateAIJ(PETSC_COMM_SELF,PETSC_DECIDE,PETSC_DECIDE,numGCells,Nv,totDim,NULL,0,NULL,&Q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1791   for (i=0;i<128;i++) ones[i] = 1.0;
1792   for (cell = cStart, ej = 0 ; cell < cEnd; ++cell, ++ej) {
1793     PetscInt numindices,*indices;
1794     ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1795     if (numindices>128) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "too many indices. %D > %D",numindices,128);
1796     ierr = MatSetValues(Q,1,&ej,numindices,indices,ones,ADD_VALUES);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1797     ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1798   }
1799   ierr = MatAssemblyBegin(Q, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1800   ierr = MatAssemblyEnd(Q, MAT_FINAL_ASSEMBLY);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1801   ierr = MatMatTransposeMult(Q,Q,MAT_INITIAL_MATRIX,4.0,&G);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1802   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) Q, "Q");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1803   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) G, "coloring graph");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1804   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(G,NULL,"-coloring_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1805   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(Q,NULL,"-coloring_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1806   ierr = MatDestroy(&Q);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1807   /* coloring */
1808   ierr = MatColoringCreate(G,&mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1809   ierr = MatColoringSetDistance(mc,1);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1810   ierr = MatColoringSetType(mc,MATCOLORINGJP);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1811   ierr = MatColoringSetFromOptions(mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1812   ierr = MatColoringApply(mc,&iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1813   ierr = MatColoringDestroy(&mc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1814   /* view */
1815   ierr = ISColoringViewFromOptions(iscoloring,NULL,"-coloring_is_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1816   ierr = ISColoringGetIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&nc,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1817   if (ctx && ctx->verbose > 2) {
1818     PetscViewer    viewer;
1819     Vec            color_vec, eidx_vec;
1820     ierr = DMGetGlobalVector(colordm, &color_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1821     ierr = DMGetGlobalVector(colordm, &eidx_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1822     for (colour=0; colour<nc; colour++) {
1823       ierr = ISGetLocalSize(is[colour],&csize);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1824       ierr = ISGetIndices(is[colour],&indices);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1825       for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1826         PetscScalar v = (PetscScalar)colour;
1827         k = indices[j];
1828         ierr = VecSetValues(color_vec,1,&k,&v,INSERT_VALUES);
1829         v = (PetscScalar)k;
1830         ierr = VecSetValues(eidx_vec,1,&k,&v,INSERT_VALUES);
1831       }
1832       ierr = ISRestoreIndices(is[colour],&indices);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1833     }
1834     /* view */
1835     ierr = PetscViewerVTKOpen(ctx->comm, "color.vtu", FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1836     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) color_vec, "color");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1837     ierr = VecView(color_vec, viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1838     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1839     ierr = PetscViewerVTKOpen(ctx->comm, "eidx.vtu", FILE_MODE_WRITE, &viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1840     ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject) eidx_vec, "element-idx");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1841     ierr = VecView(eidx_vec, viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1842     ierr = PetscViewerDestroy(&viewer);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1843     ierr = DMRestoreGlobalVector(colordm, &color_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1844     ierr = DMRestoreGlobalVector(colordm, &eidx_vec);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1845   }
1846   ierr = PetscSectionDestroy(&csection);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1847   ierr = DMDestroy(&colordm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1848   ierr = ISColoringRestoreIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1849   ierr = MatDestroy(&G);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1850   /* stash coloring */
1851   ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1852   ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(*container,(void*)iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1853   ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(*container, destroy_coloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1854   ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)JacP,"coloring",(PetscObject)*container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1855   if (ctx && ctx->verbose > 0) {
1856     ierr = PetscPrintf(ctx->comm, "Made coloring with %D colors\n", nc);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1857   }
1858   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1859 }
1860 
1861 PetscErrorCode LandauAssembleOpenMP(PetscInt cStart, PetscInt cEnd, PetscInt totDim, DM plex, PetscSection section, PetscSection globalSection, Mat JacP, PetscScalar elemMats[], PetscContainer container)
1862 {
1863   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
1864   IS             *is;
1865   PetscInt        nc,colour,j;
1866   const PetscInt *clr_idxs;
1867   ISColoring      iscoloring;
1868   PetscFunctionBegin;
1869   ierr = PetscContainerGetPointer(container,(void**)&iscoloring);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1870   ierr = ISColoringGetIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&nc,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1871   for (colour=0; colour<nc; colour++) {
1872     PetscInt    *idx_arr[1024]; /* need to make dynamic for general use */
1873     PetscScalar *new_el_mats[1024];
1874     PetscInt     idx_size[1024],csize;
1875     ierr = ISGetLocalSize(is[colour],&csize);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1876     if (csize>1024) SETERRQ2(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "too many elements in color. %D > %D",csize,1024);
1877     ierr = ISGetIndices(is[colour],&clr_idxs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1878     /* get indices and mats */
1879     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1880       PetscInt    cell = cStart + clr_idxs[j];
1881       PetscInt    numindices,*indices;
1882       PetscScalar *elMat = &elemMats[clr_idxs[j]*totDim*totDim];
1883       PetscScalar *valuesOrig = elMat;
1884       ierr = DMPlexGetClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1885       idx_size[j] = numindices;
1886       ierr = PetscMalloc2(numindices,&idx_arr[j],numindices*numindices,&new_el_mats[j]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1887       ierr = PetscMemcpy(idx_arr[j],indices,numindices*sizeof(PetscInt));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1888       ierr = PetscMemcpy(new_el_mats[j],elMat,numindices*numindices*sizeof(PetscScalar));CHKERRQ(ierr);
1889       ierr = DMPlexRestoreClosureIndices(plex, section, globalSection, cell, PETSC_TRUE, &numindices, &indices, NULL, (PetscScalar **) &elMat);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1890       if (elMat != valuesOrig) {ierr = DMRestoreWorkArray(plex, numindices*numindices, MPIU_SCALAR, &elMat);}
1891     }
1892     /* assemble matrix */
1893     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1894       PetscInt    numindices = idx_size[j], *indices = idx_arr[j];
1895       PetscScalar *elMat = new_el_mats[j];
1896       MatSetValues(JacP,numindices,indices,numindices,indices,elMat,ADD_VALUES);
1897     }
1898     /* free */
1899     ierr = ISRestoreIndices(is[colour],&clr_idxs);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1900     for (j=0; j<csize; j++) {
1901       ierr = PetscFree2(idx_arr[j],new_el_mats[j]);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1902     }
1903   }
1904   ierr = ISColoringRestoreIS(iscoloring,PETSC_USE_POINTER,&is);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1905   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1906 }
1907 
1908 /* < v, u > */
1909 static void g0_1(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1910                  const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1911                  const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1912                  PetscReal t, PetscReal u_tShift, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar g0[])
1913 {
1914   g0[0] = 1.;
1915 }
1916 
1917 /* < v, u > */
1918 static void g0_r(PetscInt dim, PetscInt Nf, PetscInt NfAux,
1919                  const PetscInt uOff[], const PetscInt uOff_x[], const PetscScalar u[], const PetscScalar u_t[], const PetscScalar u_x[],
1920                  const PetscInt aOff[], const PetscInt aOff_x[], const PetscScalar a[], const PetscScalar a_t[], const PetscScalar a_x[],
1921                  PetscReal t, PetscReal u_tShift, const PetscReal x[],  PetscInt numConstants, const PetscScalar constants[], PetscScalar g0[])
1922 {
1923   g0[0] = 2.*PETSC_PI*x[0];
1924 }
1925 
1926 /*@
1927  LandauCreateMassMatrix - Create mass matrix for Landau
1928 
1929  Collective on dm
1930 
1931  Input Parameters:
1932  . dm     - the DM object
1933 
1934  Output Parameters:
1935  . Amat - The mass matrix (optional), mass matrix is added to the DM context
1936 
1937  Level: beginner
1938 
1939  .keywords: mesh
1940  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace()
1941  @*/
1942 PetscErrorCode LandauCreateMassMatrix(DM dm, Mat *Amat)
1943 {
1944   DM             massDM;
1945   PetscDS        prob;
1946   PetscInt       ii,dim,N1=1,N2;
1947   PetscErrorCode ierr;
1948   LandauCtx      *ctx;
1949   Mat            M;
1950 
1951   PetscFunctionBegin;
1952   PetscValidHeaderSpecific(dm,DM_CLASSID,1);
1953   if (Amat) PetscValidPointer(Amat,2);
1954   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1955   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
1956   ierr = DMGetDimension(dm, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1957   ierr = DMClone(dm, &massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1958   ierr = DMCopyFields(dm, massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1959   ierr = DMCreateDS(massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1960   ierr = DMGetDS(massDM, &prob);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1961   for (ii=0;ii<ctx->num_species;ii++) {
1962     if (dim==3) {ierr = PetscDSSetJacobian(prob, ii, ii, g0_1, NULL, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1963     else        {ierr = PetscDSSetJacobian(prob, ii, ii, g0_r, NULL, NULL, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);}
1964   }
1965   ierr = DMViewFromOptions(massDM,NULL,"-dm_landau_mass_dm_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1966   ierr = DMCreateMatrix(massDM, &M);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1967   ierr = MatSetOption(M, MAT_IGNORE_ZERO_ENTRIES, PETSC_TRUE);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1968   {
1969     Vec locX;
1970     DM  plex;
1971     ierr = DMConvert(massDM, DMPLEX, &plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1972     ierr = DMGetLocalVector(massDM, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1973     /* Mass matrix is independent of the input, so no need to fill locX */
1974     if (plex->prealloc_only != dm->prealloc_only) SETERRQ2(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "plex->prealloc_only = massDM->prealloc_only %D, =%D",plex->prealloc_only,massDM->prealloc_only);
1975     ierr = DMPlexSNESComputeJacobianFEM(plex, locX, M, M, ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1976     ierr = DMRestoreLocalVector(massDM, &locX);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1977     ierr = DMDestroy(&plex);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1978   }
1979   ierr = DMDestroy(&massDM);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1980   ierr = MatGetSize(ctx->J, &N1, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1981   ierr = MatGetSize(M, &N2, NULL);CHKERRQ(ierr);
1982   if (N1 != N2) SETERRQ2(PetscObjectComm((PetscObject) dm), PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Incorrect matrix sizes: |Jacobian| = %D, |Mass|=%D",N1,N2);
1983   ierr = PetscObjectSetName((PetscObject)M, "mass");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1984   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(M,NULL,"-dm_landau_mass_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
1985   ctx->M = M; /* this could be a noop, a = a */
1986   if (Amat) *Amat = M;
1987   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
1988 }
1989 
1990 /*@
1991  LandauIFunction - TS residual calculation
1992 
1993  Collective on ts
1994 
1995  Input Parameters:
1996  +   TS  - The time stepping context
1997  .   time_dummy - current time (not used)
1998  -   X - Current state
1999  +   X_t - Time derivative of current state
2000  .   actx - Landau context
2001 
2002  Output Parameter:
2003  .   F  - The residual
2004 
2005  Level: beginner
2006 
2007  .keywords: mesh
2008  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauIJacobian()
2009  @*/
2010 PetscErrorCode LandauIFunction(TS ts, PetscReal time_dummy, Vec X, Vec X_t, Vec F, void *actx)
2011 {
2012   PetscErrorCode ierr;
2013   LandauCtx      *ctx=(LandauCtx*)actx;
2014   PetscInt       dim;
2015   DM             dm;
2016 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2017   double         starttime, endtime;
2018 #endif
2019 
2020   PetscFunctionBegin;
2021   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2022   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2023   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
2024   //ierr = MPI_Barrier(MPI_COMM_WORLD);CHKERRMPI(ierr);
2025   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2026   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[0],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2027 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2028   starttime = MPI_Wtime();
2029 #endif
2030   ierr = DMGetDimension(ctx->dmv, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2031   if (!ctx->aux_bool) {
2032     ierr = PetscInfo3(ts, "Create Landau Jacobian t=%g X=%p %s\n",time_dummy,X_t,ctx->aux_bool ? " -- seems to be in line search" : "");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2033     ierr = LandauFormJacobian_Internal(X,ctx->J,dim,0.0,(void*)ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2034     ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_TRUE;
2035   } else {
2036     ierr = PetscInfo(ts, "Skip forming Jacobian, has not changed (should check norm)\n");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2037   }
2038   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(ctx->J,NULL,"-landau_jacobian_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2039   /* mat vec for op */
2040   ierr = MatMult(ctx->J,X,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);CHKERRQ(ierr); /* C*f */
2041   /* add time term */
2042   if (X_t) {
2043     ierr = MatMultAdd(ctx->M,X_t,F,F);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2044   }
2045 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2046   endtime = MPI_Wtime();
2047   ctx->times[0] += (endtime - starttime);
2048 #endif
2049   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[0],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2050   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2051   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2052 }
2053 static PetscErrorCode MatrixNfDestroy(void *ptr)
2054 {
2055   PetscInt *nf = (PetscInt *)ptr;
2056   PetscErrorCode  ierr;
2057   PetscFunctionBegin;
2058   ierr = PetscFree(nf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2059   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2060 }
2061 /*@
2062  LandauIJacobian - TS Jacobian construction
2063 
2064  Collective on ts
2065 
2066  Input Parameters:
2067  +   TS  - The time stepping context
2068  .   time_dummy - current time (not used)
2069  -   X - Current state
2070  +   U_tdummy - Time derivative of current state (not used)
2071  .   shift - shift for du/dt term
2072  -   actx - Landau context
2073 
2074  Output Parameter:
2075  .   Amat  - Jacobian
2076  +   Pmat  - same as Amat
2077 
2078  Level: beginner
2079 
2080  .keywords: mesh
2081  .seealso: LandauCreateVelocitySpace(), LandauIFunction()
2082  @*/
2083 PetscErrorCode LandauIJacobian(TS ts, PetscReal time_dummy, Vec X, Vec U_tdummy, PetscReal shift, Mat Amat, Mat Pmat, void *actx)
2084 {
2085   PetscErrorCode ierr;
2086   LandauCtx      *ctx=(LandauCtx*)actx;
2087   PetscInt       dim;
2088   DM             dm;
2089   PetscContainer container;
2090 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2091   double         starttime, endtime;
2092 #endif
2093 
2094   PetscFunctionBegin;
2095   ierr = TSGetDM(ts,&dm);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2096   ierr = DMGetApplicationContext(dm, &ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2097   if (!ctx) SETERRQ(PETSC_COMM_SELF, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "no context");
2098   if (Amat!=Pmat || Amat!=ctx->J) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "Amat!=Pmat || Amat!=ctx->J");
2099   ierr = DMGetDimension(ctx->dmv, &dim);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2100   /* get collision Jacobian into A */
2101   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2102   ierr = PetscLogEventBegin(ctx->events[9],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2103 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2104   starttime = MPI_Wtime();
2105 #endif
2106   ierr = PetscInfo2(ts, "Adding just mass to Jacobian t=%g, shift=%g\n",(double)time_dummy,(double)shift);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2107   if (shift==0.0) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "zero shift");
2108   if (!ctx->aux_bool) SETERRQ(ctx->comm, PETSC_ERR_PLIB, "wrong state");
2109   if (!ctx->use_matrix_mass) {
2110     ierr = LandauFormJacobian_Internal(X,ctx->J,dim,shift,(void*)ctx);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2111   } else { /* add mass */
2112     ierr = MatAXPY(Pmat,shift,ctx->M,SAME_NONZERO_PATTERN);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2113   }
2114   ctx->aux_bool = PETSC_FALSE;
2115   ierr = MatViewFromOptions(Pmat,NULL,"-landau_mat_view");CHKERRQ(ierr);
2116   /* set number species in Jacobian */
2117   ierr = PetscObjectQuery((PetscObject) ctx->J, "Nf", (PetscObject *) &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2118   if (!container) {
2119     PetscInt *pNf;
2120     ierr = PetscContainerCreate(PETSC_COMM_SELF, &container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2121     ierr = PetscMalloc(sizeof(PetscInt), &pNf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2122     *pNf = ctx->num_species + 1000*ctx->numConcurrency;
2123     ierr = PetscContainerSetPointer(container, (void *)pNf);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2124     ierr = PetscContainerSetUserDestroy(container, MatrixNfDestroy);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2125     ierr = PetscObjectCompose((PetscObject)ctx->J, "Nf", (PetscObject) container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2126     ierr = PetscContainerDestroy(&container);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2127   }
2128 #if defined(PETSC_HAVE_THREADSAFETY)
2129   endtime = MPI_Wtime();
2130   ctx->times[0] += (endtime - starttime);
2131 #endif
2132   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[9],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2133   ierr = PetscLogEventEnd(ctx->events[11],0,0,0,0);CHKERRQ(ierr);
2134   PetscFunctionReturn(0);
2135 }
2136