PetscOptionsBegin: Title argument made obligatory

to avoid (null) headers in -help output.

Additionally
* PetscOptionsBegin() inarg validation
* fix a few examples which break this
* fix TaoMatGetS

PetscOptionsBegin: Title argument made obligatory

to avoid (null) headers in -help output.

Additionally
* PetscOptionsBegin() inarg validation
* fix a few examples which break this
* fix TaoMatGetSubMat() to use PetscObjectOptionsBegin() instead of PetscOptionsBegin()
* fix weird position of PetscOptionsEnd() in TAO examples

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Merge branch 'jed/promote-examples-tests-tutorials' [petsc/petsc!2610]

* jed/promote-examples-tests-tutorials:
Promote examples/{tests,tutorials}/ to {tests,tutorials}/

Promote examples/{tests,tutorials}/ to {tests,tutorials}/

This shortens paths and improves consistency between test target names
and paths to the source and output files. Most of the work was
compl

Promote examples/{tests,tutorials}/ to {tests,tutorials}/

This shortens paths and improves consistency between test target names
and paths to the source and output files. Most of the work was
completed by this script, followed by mild cleanup of nonconforming
cases.

for makefile in `git ls-files 'src/*makefile'`; do
if rg -q 'DIRS.*\bexamples\b' $makefile; then
base=$(dirname $makefile)
dirs=$(cd $base/examples && ls -d tests tutorials 2>/dev/null | xargs echo)
perl -pi -e "s#^(DIRS.*)\bexamples\b#\1${dirs}#" $makefile
git rm $base/examples/makefile
for t in $dirs; do
git mv $base/examples/$t $base/
perl -pi -e "s#^(LOCDIR[[:space:]]*=).*#\1 $base/$t/#" $base/$t
done
fi
done

git grep -l -E -z 'examples/(tutorials|tests)' | xargs -0 perl -pi -e 's#examples/(tutorials|tests)#\1#g'
git checkout @ \
src/docs/website/documentation/changes/ \
src/benchmarks/results/

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